水库土坝蚁患的成因与防治

介绍宁海县水库土坝不同的坝体结构类型，坝面活动的白蚁种类与黑翅土白蚁、黄翅大白蚁破坏坝体的严重程度；以及采取综合防治措施来消除坝内蚁患，确保土坝安全，并对水库土坝蚁患成因和防治方法进行探讨。     

湖州市水库堤坝白蚁危害调查与防治

湖州开展了对德清、安吉、长兴、吴兴区水库堤坝白蚁危害的调查。结果表明,在调查的165座水库堤坝中,有蚁害的共61座,其中属一类危害的1座,二类危害的6座,三类危害的29座,四类危害的25座.危害堤坝的白蚁共5种,分别为黑翅土白蚁、黄翅大白蚁、歪白蚁、黄胸散白蚁和花胸散白蚁，运用白蚁监测-控制装置与生物农药克蚁星相结合的新技术,对水库堤坝白蚁所做的防治试验结果显示,该技术对堤坝白蚁有良好的控制效果。     

江西省10万亩以上重点圩堤蚁害现状及防治对策

对江西省１８座１０万亩以上重点圩堤蚁害的蚁种，原因，危害现状和１９９８年汛期部分大小圩提出现蚁害险情进行了调研和分析，提出了今后防治措施，并按圩堤蚁害程序分为一、二、三、四类，对今后圩堤白蚁防治有着重要的指导意义。     

桐柏县上厂水库白蚁治理

桐柏县上厂水库大坝白蚁危害比较严重,本文就白蚁对水库土坝的危害本质及采取相应处理措施加以分析,提出了有关策略。     

劈裂灌浆防治土坝白蚁

我国南方各省由于气候、温度等条件适宜于白蚁的生存与繁殖,土坝、堤塘等水利工程受白蚁危害十分严重,各地水利部门对土栖白蚁的危害问题日益重视。目前对土坝白蚁防治     

安徽省长江干堤蚁害研究与防治

本文根据安徽省长江干堤16年来的白蚁防治实践，对长江堤防上蚁害分布规律的研究与防治措施作了介绍，初步分析了防治工作中存在的主要问题。     

德清县堤塘白蚁危害现状及防治对策

叙述了德清县水库土坝和河道堤防工程白蚁的危害现状，提出了存在的问题与防治对策以及今后进一步开展大规模防治白蚁工作的意见与建议。     

陆水水库土坝白蚁防治措施与效果分析

白蚁是造成土石坝渗漏、管涌的重要因素之一,给土坝结构安全构成严重威胁.由于鄂南气候的特殊性,陆水水库12座土坝的白蚁危害始终难以根治,原先通过人工寻找蚁穴对白蚁进行控制的方法效果不佳.在分析陆水枢纽土坝中白蚁来源及其对大坝危害机理的基础上,通过革新灭蚁技术,如采用白蚁监测装置、新型生物药剂,使白蚁种群数量得以控制.其防治经验可供其他土坝工程管理方借鉴.     

安徽滁州市堤坝白蚁防治现状与技术探讨

堤坝白蚁危害具有隐蔽性、反复性和长期性等特点，极易诱发堤坝散浸、渗漏、跌窝，甚至垮坝、崩堤等多种险情，严重威胁水利工程的安全运行，堤坝白蚁预防对于水利工程综合效益发挥至关重要。分析了安徽省滁州市堤坝白蚁危害现状，分类介绍了滁州市新建、改建、除险加固堤坝和已建成堤坝的白蚁防治措施及具体做法，在此基础上总结滁州市堤坝白蚁普查、诱杀、防治、监测预警等方面的经验，提出加大白蚁防治力度、加大白蚁防治经费投入、加快人才培养、探索白蚁防治新技术的意见和建议。     

氯丹在堤坝白蚁防治中的应用效果浅析

本文对如何防治土栖白蚁危害的新途径进行了探索,将氯丹乳剂应用于土坝毒土层和堤坝灌浆,实践证明氯丹具有残效期长、防治效果好的特性,为堤坝白蚁防治提供了科学依据。     

谈堤坝白蚁引发险情的抢护

分析了大汛期间由于蚁害引起的堤坝险情原因，并提出如何判断蚁害险情及抢护措施     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).