Validating Academic Training versus Organizational Training： An Analysis in the Enterprise Resource Planning （ERP） Field

ERP （enterprise resource planning） systems are packaged software applications that support most of an organization＇s informational needs within and across functional areas of the organization. Modern ERP systems serve as the foundation for a wide range of e-business models within one company, as well as throughout the value chain. This study explored industry ERP training of employees new to ERP, and compared this latter group to college students prepared with ERP skills from a college ERP class. The students remotely accessed the ERP systems featured here for class requirements. University and industry collaborations allow for a hands-on experience in the classroom that replicates industry applications by using real world tools. This synergistic relationship provides opportunities for students to acquire knowledge using a tangible tool that imitates what is utilized in the industry. The study noted that schools supported by several ERP vendor initiatives are increasingly integrating enterprise systems in their curricula. The resultant data identifies pertinent information that businesses consider valuable in their employees＇ ERP training. This noteworthy correlation, between college prepared students and employees new to ERP who have gone through ERP training, examined case studies of students who are now in the workforce. This study exposes these students＇ distinct advantage because of their ERP learning experience, and compares it to companies＇ ERP training practices. The intent, as in any educational environment, is not only to help students attain an understanding of the material, but to also master that material in the environment in which they will be required to use it.     

浅谈ERP在商业信息化中的应用

我国开展ERP的研究与应用已经走过了由概念向成熟,由粗放型到精简型的应用历程。ERP在商业信息管理系统中的价值日渐显现。为了使ERP在商业信息化应用中能更好使企业提升管理水平、提高运营效益和企业竞争力,文章对ERP软件的选型、核心管理思想和ERP系统的商业管理应用实施进行了分析和研究。     

企业ERP软件实践应用中的安全防范

随着国内ERP市场的逐渐成熟,随着ERP产品价格的日益下降,越来越多的企业开始将ERP软件运用于日常的企业事务。但是针对这些ERP系统软件的外部入侵者的攻击和损害和来自内部用户的恶意攻击、欺诈和系统滥用的机会也在呈指数级的增长,这样导致了企业即便是成功的实施了ERP系统,但在用户的使用反应速度上却极其缓慢,系统安全不堪一击。本文为此具体探讨企业ERP系统软件的安全隐患与防范措施。     

A comparison of standards for software engineering based on DO-178B for certification of avionics systems

Certification of avionics software is an increasingly important subject, since more and more avionics systems in future aircraft will be software equipped. The DO-17813 standard provides guidelines for software certification. Re-use of software is emerging, partly enabled by the integrated modular avionics concept, and imposed by a reduction of life-cycle costs. Re-use, however, requires re-certification or certification of software that was not developed according to DO-17813.

The DO-178B standard is specially developed to provide a certification basis for avionics software, without going into details of the software development process. Other standards focus on software engineering aspects. We have used the DO-178B standard as a common basis for comparison with DOD-STD2167A (military), ESA PSS-05-0 (space), and IEC65A(Secretariat)122 (industry). Comparison topics include:

• • life cycles;

• • prescribed documentation;

• • configuration management;

• • verification and validation;

• • quality assurance.

All standards prescribe the software development process, emphasizing specific aspects in a certain area of interest. The results of our investigation will assist in understanding the rationale behind several standards, and can be used for:

• • certification according to DO-17813 of software that was developed using another standard;

• • certification of software using DO-17813, in concert with another standard.

     

面向中小企业的信息化软件的设计和实现

在现代企业的信息化进程中,有争论也有疑虑。怎样更好的使用信息化软件使其发挥最大的效能,是软件业和企业界都在思考的重要问题。由于中小企业的数量及其在人们生活中的重要作用,使得中小企业的信息化越来越受到重视。相应的在中小企业中实施怎样的信息化软件系统成为问题的焦点。     

面向中小企业的信息化软件的设计和实现

在现代企业的信息化进程中，有争论也有疑虑。怎样更好的使用信息化软件使其发挥最大的效能．是软件业和企业界都在思考的重要问题。由于中小企业的数量及其在人们生活中的重要作用，使得中小企业的信息化越来越受到重视。相应的在中小企业中实施怎样的信息化软件系统成为问题的焦点。     

A process model for interactive systems

Designing user interfaces and designing computational software are very different processes. The differences lead to late discovery of design conflicts, which drives up development costs. A unifying methodology that could provide early discovery and resolution of design conflicts must account for the governing principles of both processes. Disciplined long-term investigation of candidate methodologies requires that these governing principles be fixed and that evolving development methods comprising each process be accommodated. This article describes an application of general systems theory to integrate these principles, proposes a process model that fixes them as explicit elements of a process program, argues the feasibility of the model and its worthiness for further study, and describes its initial implementation.     

Research on component-based ERP system

Conventional ERP （Enterprise Resource Planning） system is based on a software developing mode in which software reuse can be only achieved at class level. Such a developing mode results in inefficient development, low-quality software and poor variability of ERP system. By applying component technology, these problems are solved and the system becomes more reliable, reusable, extensible, and transplantable. In this paper, we firstly introduce the concept of component and two popular component models, based on which our own ERP component model is developed. Then we propose a layered, flexible and extensible architecture for component-based ERP system. Components performing different functions at different layers can be extracted and encapsulated conveniently according to the architecture. Finally, we focus on the application of the proposed architecture, illuminating how to extract, encapsulate and assemble components to a completed ERP system with examples.     

ERP动态权限管理与实现

讨论了ERP信息化建设中动态权限的管理和实现,介绍了用DELPHI技术实现动态权限管理的方法。详细介绍了权限管理、权限控制策略、实现思路及实现技术要点,给出了权限管理功能框架图。     

中科院ARP项目实施风险研究

为保证中国科学院ARP项目的顺利实施,有效控制项目实施过程中的风险,总结了项目推进过程中的主要风险和应对策略.首先介绍了中科院ARP项目的概况和一期工程的不足之处,通过比较ERP和ARP的相同与不同,阐述了ARP主要思想和特征,总结了ERP开发过程中对ARP项目有重要借鉴作用的实践经验,如实施主体认识、咨询公司作用、积极风险管理态度和选择合适的系统等.在ERP常见的19种风险基础上,总结了ARP项目实施中的3种主要风险,给出了应对的策略和办法.     

Implementing Enterprise Resource Planning Systems: The Role of Learning from Failure

ERP implementations remain problematic despite the fact that many of the issues are by now quite well known. In this paper, we take a different perspective from the critical success factors and risks approaches that are common in the information systems discipline to explain why ERP implementations fail. Specifically, we adapt Sitkin's theory of intelligent failure to ERP implementations resulting in a theory that we call learning from failure. We then examine from the viewpoint of this theory the details of two SAP R/3 implementations, one of which failed while the other succeeded. Although it is impossible to state, unequivocally, that the implementation that failed did so because it did not use the approach that was derived from the theory, the analysis reveals that the company that followed many of the tenets of the theory succeeded while the other did not.     

Competitive advantage of enterprise resource planning vendors in Iran

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) has become one of the competitive advantages for companies around the globe and the dynamic force driving the process of global integration through information. Governmental organizations are increasing their adoption of these systems for various benefits such as integrated real-time information, better administration, and result-based management. Reaching the standard level of being a global company, organizations are concerned about this application and invest in this project for many years and, as a result, help the company reduce the cost and increase the efficiency and effectiveness. Iranian organizations, along with multi-national companies, attempt to be a good player in the flow of this change. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate and determine the competitive environment of ERP vendors implementing their product in Iranian context. The authors investigated the activities of both international and local ERP vendors established in the country and analyzed them by their advantages and potentials.     

人工智能软件系统的非功能属性及其质量保障方法综述

随着神经网络等技术的快速发展,人工智能被越来越多地应用到安全关键或任务关键系统中,例如汽车自动驾驶系统、疾病诊断系统和恶意软件检测系统等.由于缺乏对人工智能软件系统全面和深入的了解,导致系统时常发生严重错误.人工智能软件系统的功能属性和非功能属性被提出以加强对人工智能软件系统的充分认识和质量保障.经调研,有大量研究者致力于功能属性的研究,但人们越来越关注于人工智能软件系统的非功能属性.为此,专注于人工智能软件系统的非功能属性,调研了138篇相关领域的论文,从属性定义、属性必要性、属性示例和常见质量保障方法几个方面对目前已有的研究工作进行系统的梳理和详细的总结,同时重新定义和分析了非功能属性之间的关系并介绍了人工智能软件系统研究中可以用到的开源工具.最后,展望了人工智能软件系统非功能属性的未来研究方向和挑战,以期为该领域的研究人员提供参考.     

Computerized relational model for powder technology: powder and process selection

Part of a complete expert-system software design for powder technology is presented. This part of the system deals with powder selection according to predetermined, recommended or required material properties, and specific powder characteristics. Then the optimum powder production, i.e processing, method is determined, which satisfies the requirements of the specified powder. For this purpose a detailed database relational model is developed, and the system's software modules are described. A relational model is formulated and a structured query language (SQL) is used in the detailed software design presented.     

ERP软件选型模糊综合评价模型的研究

为了解决企业面临的选择ERP软件的问题,全面客观地评价ERP软件,提出了一种通用的ERP软件模糊综合评价模型和方法。建立了ERP软件综合评价指标体系,根据评价者的不同权重,重点阐述了定性指标和定量指标隶属度的确定,建立了模糊评价矩阵。最后以某企业ERP选型为实例进行了说明。     

Formalized systems development methodologies: a critical perspective

Systems development issues occupy a position of central importance in the information systems field and much has been prescribed in the quest for successful systems development. However, given the well-documented 'software crisis', success is far from guaranteed for systems development projects. Many researchers see the solution to the software crisis in terms of increased control and the more widespread adoption of rigorous and formalized system development methodologies. This paper presents some arguments and pressures which support the use of methodologies and some evidence of the literature bias which favours methodologies is provided. However the problems associated with the use of methodologies have not perhaps received as much attention in previous research. This paper identifies a number of arguments and pressures which question the value of methodologies, and reports the results of a field study which investigated the role of methodologies in practice. The critical perspective adopted throughout shows that, contrary to the predominant view in literature, the assumption that increased adoption of methodologies addresses the problems inherent in systems development is by no means proven.