ML-WO3/TiO2异质结的制备及其对罗丹明B的光催化降解

采用空间限域法制备了单层三氧化钨纳米片(ML-WO₃),然后将其与TiO₂复合得到ML-WO₃/TiO₂纳米材料,被用来在模拟太阳光下对罗丹明B进行光催化降解。ML-WO₃/TiO₂的组成和光学特性通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、高分辨透射电镜、X射线衍射、紫外-可见吸收光谱和光致发光光谱手段进行表征。结果证实,纳米ML-WO₃/TiO₂克服了纯TiO₂带隙较大的缺陷,在全波段太阳光表现出比ML-WO₃和TiO₂更强的吸收性能,ML-WO₃与TiO₂之间具有明显的协同效应。活性物种捕获实验表明.OH和.O_2^-自由基是RhB降解的主要活性物种。ML-WO₃和TiO₂之间构建的Z型异质结电荷转移路径能够保证光生载流子的高效分离和重组。在5次循环实验后ML-WO₃/TiO₂的光催化活性仍能接近80%,具有良好的光化学稳定性。通过高效液相色谱-质谱检测RhB的中间产物,推测了RhB可能的降解路径。     

Na2CO3?10H2O-Na2HPO4.12H2O/SiO2复合定形相变材料的制备及应用研究

以十水合碳酸钠(SCD)、十二水合磷酸氢二钠(DHPD)为相变主体,制备了低过冷度,无相分离的共晶水合盐(EHS),以九水合硅酸钠为成核剂。进一步使用气相SiO₂为支撑材料,采用浸渍法制备了相变前后形状稳定的 EHS/SiO₂定形相变储能材料(SSPCM)。所得SSPCM的相变温度为 24.08 ℃,焓值为 146.6 J/g,过冷度为 0.55 ℃,热导率为 0.5454 W/m?K。同保温泡沫相比,其可将模拟房内部中心温度的升温时间延长 3.26 倍,降温时间延长 1.39 倍,具有优异的“热缓冲”性能,在建筑节能领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

2D/2D WO3/Ag:ZnIn2S4 Z型异质结复合物的构筑及可见光催化性能

构筑Z型异质结复合物是光催化领域解决电子-空穴对复合较快的常用方法,其独特的双光子体系能高效的提升光催化速率而备受关注。本文通过水热法原位构筑二维/二维(2D/2D)WO₃/Ag:ZnIn₂S₄ Z型异质结复合物,并且利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、光电化学(PEC)和荧光光谱(PL)对其微观形貌、物相结构、元素化学态和光电性能等进行表征分析,以及采用可见光(加λ>420 nm的滤光片)照射来评价2D/2D WO₃/Ag:ZnIn₂S₄ Z型异质结复合物光解水制氢气和光降解甲基橙(MO)的催化性能。结果表明,在2D/2D WO₃/Ag:ZnIn₂S₄ Z型异质结复合物中,随着Ag:ZnIn₂S₄的含量增加,光催化性能也显著增强。当Ag:ZnIn₂S₄的质量分数为35.0%时,复合物表现出最佳的制氢速率(158.93 μmol.g_-1^.h_-1⁾与降解速率(0.18 min_-1^),这为基于WO₃纳米片设计和构筑2D/2D Z型异质结复合物用于可见光催化制氢和污染物降解提供了新的见解。     

热处理对 Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 厚膜介电性能的影响

采用柠檬酸盐法制备了Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)TiO_3粉体,通过丝网印刷法制备了Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)TiO_3厚膜,研究了在空气气氛中进行热处理前后厚膜样品的介电性能。研究结果表明,在空气气氛中进行热处理可以有效地提高厚膜样品的介电性能。经过1000°C热处理,厚膜样品在10 kH z下的介电损耗由1.7%降为1.1%,其优质系数由33提高到55。     

双模板法CeO2/g-C3N4形貌结构特征及湿式催化性能

利用微波辅助双模板法、软模板法制备了一系列的CeO₂/g-C₃N₄复合催化材料,通过XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、XPS、SEM和TEM等方式对材料进行表征,并对其湿式催化性能进行研究。结果表明,双模板法制备的D-CeO₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料表现出立方相CeO₂和层叠g-C₃N₄的特征,比表面积和孔径较大,属于介孔结构,表面存在Ce^₃₊和Ce^₄₊,有利于氧空位的形成。加入1 g嵌段共聚物 F127,使用无水乙醇溶液为溶剂,调节混合液呈碱性,微波辐射反应120 min后得到的D-CeO₂/g-C₃N₄(7.5)样品,结构完整均匀,具有最佳形貌特征。控制反应温度75 ℃,D-CeO₂/g-C₃N₄(7.5)投加0.7 g,H₂O₂投加 0.5 mL,初始pH值为5时,100 mg/L的苯酚溶液COD去除率可达80%以上。 D-CeO₂/g-C₃N₄(7.5) 复合催化材料使用五次以后仍可达60%以上的催化降解效果。     

氯化 Ti3AlC2 陶瓷制备碳化物衍生碳的结构表征

以三元碳化物陶瓷Ti_3AlC_2为原料,在500°C~1000°C温度范围内氯化制备具有纳米孔结构的碳化物衍生碳(Ti_3AlC_2-CDC)。高温氯化制备得到的Ti_3AlC_2-CDC由无定形碳和石墨组成。氯化温度越高,石墨化程度越明显,石墨有序度越高。Ti_3AlC_2-CDC的结构与前驱体Ti_3AlC_2的层状结构保持一致。但随着温度升高,Ti_3AlC_2-CDC会逐渐裂解为单片层或多片层。采用N2吸附技术研究了700°C、800°C和1000°C下制备的Ti_3AlC_2-CDC的孔隙结构特征,通过分析试样的吸附等温线特征和孔径分布探讨了温度对CDC孔结构的影响。     

VO_2-WO_3复合薄膜的制备及其热致变色-电致变色性能研究

智能玻璃是目前建筑节能重点研究方向。本研究将自制氧化钒纳米粉体均匀分散到钨溶胶体系,取上清液旋涂于ITO基板,经干燥、退火后制得VO_2(M)-非晶WO_3复合薄膜。实验结果表明,所制备的VO_2(M)-非晶WO_3复合薄膜兼具热致变色和电致变色性能,通电后薄膜表现典型的电致变色特征,可见光和近红外光透过率明显下降。退火过程中,部分W掺杂到VO_2中,使薄膜的热致相变温度降低10°C左右。复合薄膜在双响应条件下,其可见光透过率为32.6%、调控效率为18.8%。     

测试——聚乙烯亚胺改性磁性膨润土对Pb2+和Cu2+的吸附性能(测试稿件)

在磁性膨润土(MBent)表面接枝聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)制备了聚乙烯亚胺改性磁性膨润土(PEI/KH560/MBent),采用FTIR、VSM、XRD、TGA、EA、SEM和EDS对其进行了表征,考察了其对水溶液中Pb_²⁺和Cu_²⁺的吸附性能。结果表明,聚乙烯亚胺已成功接枝于磁性膨润土表面,并有效提高其对Pb_²⁺和Cu_²⁺吸附量；溶液初始pH对吸附量影响较大,随着pH的增大,吸附量增加。在pH=5,溶液初始质量浓度为300 mg/L,PEI/KH560/MBent对Pb_²⁺和Cu_²⁺吸附量分别为96.21和61.08 mg/g；吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温模型。热力学研究表明,吸附为自发吸热过程。经过5次循环利用后,其吸附容量仍保持初始的60%以上,表明PEI/KH560/MBent具有一定的重复利用性。     

ZrO2-SiO2 复合气凝胶的制备及其热稳定性研究

为了改善纯ZrO_2气凝胶的高温稳定性,本研究以TEOS为硅源,以硝酸氧锆为锆源,通过滴加环氧丙烷,制备了ZrO_2-SiO_2复合气凝胶,探索了锆硅比例和热处理温度对复合气凝胶结构和性能的影响,结果表明,当锆硅比例为1:1时,制备的复合气凝胶比表面积最大,为551.7 m2/g;1000°C热处理后的比表面积为239.3 m2/g,1200°C热处理后的比表面积为89.5m2/g。与纯ZrO_2气凝胶相比,本研究所制得的ZrO_2-SiO_2复合气凝胶具有更好的热稳定性。     

Nd2O3掺杂对MnCoNi系NTC热敏电阻电性能的影响

采用传统固相法制备了Co_0.7-xMn_2.1Ni_0.2Nd_xO₄(X=0,0.04,0.06,0.08)样品。利用X射线衍射、SEM、阻值测量等手段,研究了微量Nd₂O₃掺杂对MnCoNi系NTC热敏电阻材料的影响。研究结果表明：在0≤X≤0.08掺杂范围内,随着Nd₂O₃掺杂量的增加,MnCoNi系NTC热敏电阻的晶相结构和阻温特性并没有改变,晶粒变小,电阻率和B值分别由202.8Ω.cm、3432K,上升到2944.7Ω.cm、4152K;老化特性得到显著提高,△R₂₅/ R₂₅和△B_25/50/ B_25/50变化率分别由1.15%,0.75%降至0.31%,0.22%。     

TiO2, TiO2/Ag and TiO2/Au photocatalysts prepared by spray pyrolysis

TiO₂, TiO₂/Ag and TiO₂/Au photocatalysts exhibiting a hollow spherical morphology were prepared by spray pyrolysis of aqueous solutions of titanium citrate complex and titanium oxalate precursors in one-step. Effects of precursor concentration and spray pyrolysis temperature were investigated. By subsequent heat treatment, photocatalysts with phase compositions from 10 to 100% rutile and crystallite sizes from 12 to 120 nm were obtained. A correlation between precursor concentration and size of the hollow spherical agglomerates obtained during spray pyrolysis was established. The anatase to rutile transformation was enhanced with metal incorporations and increased precursor concentration. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by oxidation of methylene blue under UV-irradiation. As-prepared TiO₂ particles with large amounts of amorphous phase and organic residuals showed similar photocatalytic activity as the commercial Degussa P25. The metal incorporated samples showed comparable photocatalytic activity to the pure TiO₂ photocatalysts.     

Fabrication and characterization of WO3 flocky microspheres induced by ethanol

The novel tungsten trioxide flocky microspheres induced by ethanol were successfully obtained via a simple and convenient hydrothermal route. The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, BET surface area measurement and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. WO₃ powder prepared with volume ratio (v_ethanol/v_water) of 40% revealed a complete flocky microsphere structure with particle size of 3.0-4.0 μm and exhibited good photochromic property. The possible formation mechanism of the flocky microspheres was proposed and the improved photochromic properties were also investigated.     

Effect of TiO2 supporting layer on Fe2O3 photoanode for efficient water splitting

For an electrochemical water splitting system, titanate nanotubular particles with a thickness of ∼700 nm produced by a hydrothermal process were repetitively coated on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass via layer-by-layer self-assembly method. The obtained titanate/FTO films were dipped in aqueous Fe solution, followed by heat treatment for crystallization at 500 °C for 10 min in air. The UV–vis absorbance of the Fe-oxide/titanate/FTO film showed a red-shifted spectrum compared with the TiO₂/FTO coated film; this red shift was achieved by the formation of thin hematite-Fe₂O₃ and anatase-TiO₂ phases verified using X-ray diffraction and Raman results. The cyclic voltammetry results of the Fe₂O₃/TiO₂/FTO films showed distinct reversible cycle characteristics with large oxidation–reduction peaks with low onset voltage of I–V characteristics under UV–vis light illumination. The prepared Fe₂O₃/TiO₂/FTO film showed much higher photocurrent densities for more efficient water splitting under UV–vis light illumination than did the Fe₂O₃/FTO film. Its maximum photocurrent was almost 3.5 times higher than that obtained with Fe₂O₃/FTO film because of the easy electron collection in the current collector. The large current collection was due to the existence of a TiO₂ base layer beneath the Fe₂O₃ layer.     

Efficient decomposition of organic compounds with FeTiO3/TiO2 heterojunction under visible light irradiation

FeTiO₃/TiO₂, a new heterojunction-type photocatalyst working at visible light, was prepared by a simple sol–gel method. Not only did FeTiO₃/TiO₂ exhibit greatly enhanced photocatalytic activity in decomposing 2-propanol in gas phase and 4-chlorophenol in aqueous solution, but also it induced efficient mineralization of 2-propanol under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm). Furthermore, it showed a good photochemical stability in repeated photocatalytic applications. FeTiO₃ showed a profound absorption over the entire visible range, and its valence band (VB) position is close to that of TiO₂. The unusually high photocatalytic efficiency of the FeTiO₃/TiO₂ composite was therefore deduced to be caused by hole transfer between the VB of FeTiO₃ and TiO₂.     

Solution combustion synthesis and physicochemical characterization of ZrO2-MoO3 nanocomposite oxides prepared using different fuels

A series of MoO₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposite oxides with MoO₃ content in the range of 2-20 mol% were prepared by solution combustion method. Three different fuels namely urea, glycine and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) were used for the preparation of MoO₃-ZrO₂ oxides. For the sake of comparison, the MoO₃-ZrO₂ composite oxides were also prepared by impregnation of zirconia with molybdenum salt precursor and subsequent heat treatment. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and UV-vis spectroscopic technique. XRD study indicated selective stabilization of the tetragonal phase of zirconia in the presence of MoO₃. The method of preparation was found to be crucial for the phase composition of zirconia in the composite oxide. The crystallite size and rms stain were calculated from the Fourier line shape analysis of the broadened X-ray diffraction profiles. With increase in the MoO₃ content, the crystallite size of the tetragonal zirconia phase was found to be decreased. TEM study indicated the presence of small nanoparticles with size in the 5-10 nm range. UV-vis study of the composite oxide materials revealed well dispersion of the molybdenum oxide component in the form of monomer, dimers and nanoclusters in the zirconia matrix. The nature of fuel was found to be crucial in determining the morphology and shape of the particles.     

Photocatalytic conversion of NO using TiO2–NH3 catalysts in ambient air environment

Photocatalytic conversion of nitric oxide (NO) in ambient air was studied in a continuous-flow photoreactor system at room temperature using different TiO₂ catalysts prepared with different titanium precursors of Ti(SO₄)₂, TiOSO₄, and Ti(O-Bu)₄ by either a moderate-temperature hydrothermal process or a hydrothermal reflux process. The physicochemical properties of the prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, FTIR, and SEM. Analytical results showed that the crystallinity, morphology, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, specific surface area, and pore size distribution of catalysts were significantly affected by the precursors and hydrothermal processes, but the crystal structure and crystal size of catalysts were not significantly influenced. The NO conversion experiments demonstrated that the TiO₂ catalysts prepared by the moderate-temperature hydrothermal process without ammonia pretreatment could effectively reduce NO to different low levels, in which the catalysts with longer aging time of more than 12 h performed better than the catalysts with shorter aging time. However, it was found that the NO₂ concentration in outlet gas was gradually increased with extension of an experimental period. Two TiO₂ catalysts (TOSO-NH₃ and TOB-NH₃) prepared by the hydrothermal reflux process with ammonia pretreatment demonstrated a very good performance in NO conversion and also maintained a low level of NO₂ concentration in outlet gas. This study indicated that using the TiO₂ catalysts modified with ammonia pretreatment in photocatalytic reaction could provide a good approach to effectively eliminate the accumulation of NO₂ product from NO oxidation in the system and to achieve a sustainable process, which may be applicable for NO elimination in ambient air environment.     

TiO2 as a sintering additive for KNbO3 ceramics

Improved densification during the conventional sintering of KNbO₃ ceramics was achieved by using small additions of TiO₂. This improved densification can be explained on the basis of high-temperature chemical reactions in the system. X-ray diffractometry and electron microscopy were used in combination with diffusion-couple experiments in order to elucidate the chemical reactions between KNbO₃ and TiO₂. TiO₂ reacts with KNbO₃ forming KNbTiO₅, and a low concentration of Ti incorporates in the KNbO₃ structure resulting in the formation of oxygen vacancies and, consequently, in an improvement in the densification. At ∼1037 °C eutectic melting between the KNbO₃ and the KNbTiO₅ further improves the densification of the KNbO₃ ceramics.     

The relationship between photo-catalytic performance and optical property over Si-incorporated TiO2

This study focuses on the relationship between photo-catalytic performance and optical property over Si-incorporated TiO₂. The Si-incorporated TiO₂ particles exhibited a pure structure of anatase having a particle size of less than 20 nm and surface area of more than 190 m²/g. The absorbance did not shift to a higher wavelength in spite of the incorporation of the Si ions, but the intensity of the photoluminescence (PL) curve was the smallest in the case of the 2.0 mol% Si-TiO₂, which was related to the recombination between the excited electrons and holes. Based on these results, the photodecomposition of methyl orange in the liquid reaction was enhanced over the 2.0 mol% Si-incorporated TiO₂ compared with that over pure TiO₂: Methyl orange at 10.0 ppm was completely decomposed after 100 min when 1.0 g of the 2.0 mol% Si-incorporated TiO₂ was used.     

Influence of TiO2 and CeO2 on the hydrogenation activity of bulk Ni2P

TiO₂- and CeO₂-promoted bulk Ni₂P catalysts were prepared by impregnation and in-situ H₂ temperature-programmed reduction method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD and XPS. The hydrogenation activities of the catalysts were studied using 1.5 wt.% 1-heptene in toluene and 1.0 wt.% phenylacetylene in ethanol as the model feeds. The results indicate that bulk Ni₂P possesses low hydrogenation activity but is tunable by simply controlling the content of the additives (TiO₂ or CeO₂), suggesting that TiO₂ and CeO₂ are effective promoters to enhance the hydrogenation activity of Ni₂P.