Mechanical performance of hybrid rice straw/sea weed polypropylene composites

Rice straw (Rs)/polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared in the different ratio of 5 : 95, 10 : 90, 15 : 85, 20 : 80, 25 : 75, and 30 : 70 (Rs wt % : PP wt %) by an injection molding process. This work investigated the tensile strength (TS), bending strength (BS), and impact strength (IS) of the composites. From the results, it is observed that Rs20 : PP80 mixture composite showed better performance with mechanical properties (TS = 26.2 MPa, BS = 58 N/mm², and IS = 1.7 KJ/mm²) among the composites prepared. Two hybrid composites were also fabricated using 20% Rs, 10% seaweed with 70% PP and 20% Rs, 30% seaweed with 70% PP. In between the two hybrid composites, superior mechanical behavior showed by the hybrid composite in ratio of Rs20 : Sw10 : PP70 with enhanced results such as TS = 28 MPa, BS = 68 N/mm², and IS = 2.5 KJ/mm². Water uptake, simulating weathering, and soil degradation test of different composites were also performed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

稻草纤维填充聚丙烯材料的研究

以马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP－g－MAH）为增容剂,改善了稻草纤维与聚丙烯（PP）的相容性;研究了稻草纤维制备方法和纤维含量、增容剂含量等对填充PP力学性能的影响,并考察了材料的热稳定性。当稻草纤维含量为30％－40％时,其弯曲强度为61．88－69．79MPa;冲击强度为12．0－13．0kJ/m^2;拉伸强度为32．59－39．72MPa。     

Effects of different compatilizers on mechanical,crystallization and thermal properties of polypropylene/magensium oxysulfate whisker composites

Two kinds of compatilizers, maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin elastomer (POE-g-MAH) and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH), were incorporated into a polypropylene/magnesium oxysulfate whisker (PP/MOSw) composite. Scanning electron microscopy pictures presented a clear interface between MOSw and the PP matrix in the PP/MOSw composite, while vague interfaces appeared in the PP/iPOE-g-MAH/5MOSw and PP/iPP-g-MAH/5MOSw composites. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis results indicated that PP-g-MAH was highly compatible with the PP matrix while POE-g-MAH was not. Impact strength results showed that POE-g-MAH had a superior toughening effect on PP/MOSw composites, since the proper interfacial interaction and appearance of β-crystal PP. However, incorporating PP-g-MAH seemed to be conducive to increasing strength and modulus (both for tensile and flexural tests), as evidenced by the greatly raised interfacial adhesion between the PP matrix and MOSw. Quantitative characterization carried out by Turcsányi equation for ternary composites also confirmed that PP-g-MAH efficiently enhanced interfacial interaction, by the proof of higher B values. Therefore, the thermal stability of PP-g-MAH treated composites was far superior to that of PP/iPOE-g-MAH/5MOSw composites. Differential scanning calorimetery and polarized light microscopy results showed that POE-g-MAH promoted PP nucleation, with effects further enhanced with the presence of PP-g-MAH.     

增容PP/废弃PET织物纤维复合材料的结构与性能

用马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和苯乙烯的混合物(MMA/St)两种相容剂对PP和废弃的PET织物(WF)复合材料界面进行改性,研究其力学性能、微观形态和热行为.结果表明:WF的加入使PP的拉伸强度下降,但改善了弯曲强度和模量,更使冲击强度大幅提升.在高WF填充量时,PP-g-MAH改性有助于改善弯曲性能和韧性,MMA/St混合物改性则对拉伸性能和弯曲性能更有利.挤出共混可使WF织物在PP中实现单纤维分散,PP-g-MAH和MMA/St改性改善了WF和PP的分散和界面粘结,MMA/St改性效果更优.这3类PP/WF复合材料的热稳定性都有所提高.     

An investigation on the influence of filler loading and compatibilizer on the properties of polypropylene/marble sludge composites

In this article, polypropylene reinforced marble sludge (PP/MS) was prepared, and the effects of MS loading and polypropylene-g-maliec anhydride (PP-g-MAH) as compatibilizer on density, melt flow index (MFI), and mechanical properties of PP/MS composite were investigated. Our studies show that tensile strength, flexural strength and tensile modulus increased with increasing the MS loading but tensile strength increased till 30 pph of MS further addition of MS in PP composites decreased the strength. The % elongation at break and Izod Impact Strength decreased with increasing of MS loading. Studies revealed that PP/MS composites containing PP-g-MAH enhance the properties compared to without compatibilizer.     

Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene reinforced polypropylene and polyamide composites toward developing low-noise automobile interior

Circular ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) of 60 and 140 μm particle size, to ensure the homogenous mixing, was used as filler materials for developing the polypropylene (PP) and polyamide 6 (PA6)-based composite specimens to investigate the effect of UHMWPE on reducing the noise, if the composites are used in car interior. PP composite containing 5 wt % UHMWPE of 60 μm particle size showed the lowest in-plane friction coefficient (0.18 ± 0.01), improved Izod impact strength (33 ± 2.9 J/m²), and considerable tensile properties (37 ± 1.5 MPa of strength and 21 ± 1.1% of elongation at break), indicating its promise as low-noise and durable material to be used in the car interior. Although PA6 composites showed decreasing friction coefficients with increasing UHMWPE content, their tensile and impact properties became poor or inconsistent, maybe due to the incompatibility of nonpolar UHMWPE with polar PA, and the large difference of their melting temperatures. The extent of compatibility of PP and PA6 with the UHMWPE has been investigated by analyzing the morphology (using scanning electron microscope) and the thermal properties of the composites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48720.     

PP-g-MAH对SEBS/PP/MH/EG阻燃复合体系结构与性能的影响

在氢氧化镁(MH)与可膨胀石墨(EG)复配阻燃石蜡油改性苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)/聚丙烯(PP)共混物(O-SEBS/PP)体系中,用马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)增容,研究其对O-SEBS/PP/MH/EG阻燃复合体系结构和性能的影响。结果表明:以一定量的PP-g-MAH代替基体中的PP增容后,复合材料在保持UL94垂直燃烧V-0级的同时,拉伸强度(σmax)与100%定伸强度(σ100)随着PP-g-MAH用量的增加而增大,在质量分数为6%时,分别为13.4 MPa和9.0 MPa,较未添加PP-g-MAH时分别提高13.6%和76.5%;撕裂强度则下降4.0%。复合材料的毛细管流变实验和淬断面扫描电子显微照片分析表明:PP-g-MAH的加入改善了复合材料中MH、EG与O-SEBS/PP共混物基体间的界面黏合力,提高了相容性。     

增容剂对PP/PP-g-MAH/CaCO_3复合材料性能与形态的影响

采用熔融混合法制备了PP/PP-g-MAH/CaCO3复合材料,并利用万能试验机、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了PP-g-MAH含量对PP/PP-g-MAH/CaCO3复合材料力学性能、结晶性能与界面形态的影响。结果表明:随着增容剂PP-g-MAH含量的增加,PP/PP-g-MAH/CaCO3复合材料的拉伸强度从25.7 MPa增加到32.0 MPa,弯曲强度从34.7 MPa增大到41.2 MPa;结晶温度则先增大后逐渐减小,当PP-g-MAH含量为2%时结,晶温度为123.9℃,结晶度为44.7%;而断裂伸长率和冲击强度逐渐减小。     

固相剪切碾磨制备高填充聚丙烯木塑复合材料的形貌结构与力学性能

利用磨盘形力化学反应器优异的粉碎、分散、混合和力化学反应的多重功能以及增容剂PP-g-MAH的良好增容作用制备了综合性能优良的聚丙烯(PP)/木粉(WF, 80%,质量分数)高填充木塑复合材料,研究了磨盘碾磨、增容剂以及复合方式对PP/WF木塑复合体系的粒径分布、力学性能和形貌结构等的影响.结果表明,不同碾磨次数的PP/WF复合粉体的粒径呈双峰分布,适当增加碾磨次数有利于PP粒径的降低及木粉的均匀分散.随碾磨次数的增加,PP/WF复合材料的拉伸和弯曲性能先增加后下降,但缺口冲击强度一直呈小幅下降趋势.PP-g-MAH的引入及其含量增加均有利于PP/WF复合材料力学性能的大幅改善,其中弯曲模量在增容剂含量为5%(质量分数)时最佳.此外,磨盘碾磨制备的PP/WF复合材料的力学性能优于常规密炼复合法.上述力学性能变化归因于磨盘碾磨改善了PP/WF高填充复合体系中木粉的分散性以及加入的PP-g-MAH显著改善了体系的相容性,其中PP-g-MAH的增容机理为磨盘碾磨剪切力场作用下PP-g-MAH与木粉表面羟基发生了力化学酯化接枝反应.     

PP/纳米SiO2/PP-g-MAH复合材料的研究

通过熔融共混法制备了PP/纳米SiO2/PP-g-MAH复合材料。研究了纳米SiO2和PP-g-MAH用量对PP基体性能的影响。通过力学性能测试、DSC热分析和SEM照片观测对PP/纳米SiO2和PP/纳米SiO2/PP-g-MAH复合材料的结构和性能进行了系统的研究。结果表明:2%的纳米SiO2和10%PP-g-MAH有较好的协同效应。可以使复合材料的缺口冲击强度提高80%,拉伸强度提高12.5%。DSC表明,纳米SiO2对PP基体有异相成核作用。SEM电镜分析得出,经表面改性的纳米SiO2均匀地分散于PP基体中,从而起到良好的改性作用。     

PP-g-MAH增容PP/BN/Al2O3导热绝缘复合材料

以(3-氨丙基)三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)处理氮化硼/氧化铝(BN/Al2O3)导热粉体,在导热粉体表面引入氨基;通过熔融共混制备聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)增容的聚丙烯(PP)/BN/Al2O3导热绝缘复合材料。研究PP-g-MAH和导热填料的用量以及加工条件(转速、温度)对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,在主机转速为300 r/min、PP-g-MAH为4g、导热填料的用量为50%时,复合材料的导热系数达到了0.7 W/(m·K),拉伸强度为17.65 MPa;添加相容剂后,复合材料和导热填料之间的相容性得到改善。     

玻纤增强聚丙烯复合材料性能研究

研究了玻纤(GF)、SEBS和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)用量对GF增强聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响,以及PP/GF(65/35)、PP-g-MAH/PP/GF(15/65/35)的微观形态。结果表明:随着GF用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量增加,断裂伸长率降低,冲击强度先减小后增大,PP/GF复合材料断面呈脆性断裂;在PP/GF中添加增韧剂SEBS可以提高复合材料的冲击强度,但拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度和弯曲模量均减小;在PP/GF中添加增容剂PP-g-MAH,可使其拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击强度均得到提高,当PP-g-MAH/PP/GF为15/65/35时,复合材料性能优异,材料断面呈韧性断裂。     

PP-g-MAH对玻璃纤维增强PP的影响

研究了聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)和剪切场强度等对玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯(GFRPP)性能的影响。加入PP-g-MAH后,GFRPP的拉伸强度持续增加,最大达82.5 MPa;弯曲性能大幅度提高;缺口冲击强度明显增大,最大达160.3 J/m;热变形温度基本维持不变。PP-g-MAH的加入可改善玻璃纤维与聚丙烯间的界面作用,从而有利于提高GFRPP的性能。在极高剪切场强度的条件下,GFRPP的力学性能和热性能有所下降。     

Maleic anhydride polypropylene modified cellulose nanofibril polypropylene nanocomposites with enhanced impact strength

Development of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) reinforced polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites using melt compounding processes has received considerable attention. The main challenges are to obtain well‐dispersed CNFs in the polymer matrix and to establish compatible linkages between the CNFs and PP. Manufacturing of CNF reinforced PP nanocomposites was conducted using a twin‐screw co‐rotating extruder with the masterbatch concept. Modifications of CNFs using maleic anhydride polypropylene were performed. The best mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are 1.94 GPa (tensile modulus), 32.8 MPa (tensile strength), 1.63 GPa (flexural modulus), 50.1 MPa (flexural strength), and 3.8 kJ m⁻² (impact strength), which represents about 36, 11, 21, 7, and 23% improvement, respectively, compared to those of pure PP (1.43 GPa, 29.5 MPa, 1.35 GPa, 46.9 MPa, and 3.1 kJ m⁻²). Fracture morphology examination indicated good dispersion of CNFs in the PP matrix was achieved through this specific manufacturing process. MAPP treatments enhanced the interfacial adhesion between the CNFs and PP. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:782–793, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Structures and properties of low‐shrinkage polypropylene composites

The high shrinkage and the low impact strength severely limit the applications of the isotactic polypropylene (iPP). In this article, we studied the shrinkage, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the composites consisted of iPP, short glass fiber (GF), maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MPP), maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer (MPPPOE) or composite toughening agents (CTAs). The results show that the shrinkage of the composite with 40% GF reduces to 0.0754% (24 h) and 0.0893(48 h), respectively, under room temperature, which is far lower than the shrinkage [1.782% (24 h) and 1.821% (48 h)] of the pure iPP. For the composite of PP/GF/MPPPOE/CTAs (55/30/5/10), the tensile strength increases to 65.53 MPa (33.8 MPa for pure iPP), the tensile modulus is 1445 MPa which is 136% higher than pure iPP, and the izod impact strength reaches 22.72 kJ/m² (only 5.28 kJ/m² for pure iPP). Not only the scale stability of iPP is remarkably improved, but also the comprehensive mechanical properties are enhanced drastically. This work may generate potential opportunities for iPP in those applications demanding high scale stability. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44275.     

多元复合高流动性聚丙烯的制备与性能

研究了滑石粉(Talc)及偶联剂用量、均聚聚丙烯(PP-H)与马来酸酐接枝物(PP-g-MAH)及PP-H对高流动性共聚聚丙烯(PP)性能的影响;比较了在填充20%Talc的共聚PP中分别添加PP-g-MAH和PP-H的复合体系力学性能及流变性能的变化规律。结果表明:钛酸酯偶联剂用量为1%(相对于Talc)时,所得Talc填充共聚PP综合性能最佳;当Talc用量大于10%时,共聚PP/Talc复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、弯曲强度、熔体流动速率随Talc含量的增加而逐渐下降,弯曲模量则逐渐提高;PP-g-MAH对高流动性共聚PP的拉伸强度增强效果明显优于PP-H,PP-H则使共聚PP的熔体流动性明显下降。     

Effect of interfacial modification on metal fiber filled polypropylene composites and property balance

Mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of discontinuous stainless steel fiber (SSF) filled polypropylene (PP) composites were considered as candidates for shielding electromagnetic interference (EMI) applications. In order to improve the unsatisfied impact resistance, surface treatments of SSF and modified PP were introduced. By means of a microdroplet pull-out test, polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride copolymer (PP-g-MAH) was found to be able to enhance the poor interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix. On this basis, PP-g-MAH was used to prepare conventional composites, and the macromechanical measurements showed evidence that PP-g-MAH helped increase both flexural and impact strength of the composites. However, the good affinity of PP-g-MAH for SSF reduced composite conductivity accordingly. Finally, blends of PP and PP-g-MAH proved to be a solution for the problem, i.e., the impact strength was increased significantly while acceptable electrical resistivity was maintained.     

Mechanical and thermal properties of bamboo fiber reinforced polypropylene/polylactic acid composites for 3D printing

In this article, a kind of degradable composite was prepared from bamboo fiber (BF), poly lactic acid (PLA), and polypropylene (PP). The mechanical and thermal properties were characterized by the universal testing machine, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry. In order to improve the compability between BF and polymer matrix several modification on the surface of BF were explored and compared. Moreover, a compatibilizer (maleated PP) was applied to further increase compatibility between the fiber and matrix. It is found that the thermal stability of BF/PP/PLA composites decreased with the increase of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) content. When 5% MAPP was used the tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength of composites reached 33.73, 47.18 MPa, and 3.15 KJ/m², with an increase by 13, 11.7, and 23.5%, respectively, compared with the composites without MAPP. The improvement of mechanical properties is attributed to the fact that irregular grooves and cracks induced by the modification of BF facilitate the infiltration of polymer into fiber due to the strong capillary effect. Furthermore, BF/PP/PLA composites are potential to be used in 3D printing. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E247–E260, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

PP/POE/PE/CaCO3/PP-g-MAH复合材料力学性能的研究

采用熔融共混法制备聚丙烯/聚烯烃弹性体/聚乙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP/POE/PE/CaCO3/PP-g-MAH）复合材料,并研究其力学性能。结果表明：PP-g-MAH可提高PP与CaCO3的相容性,使复合材料的韧性和拉伸性能得到提高,PE可提高PP与POE的相容性,并有效提高复合材料的韧性,经POE、PE、CaCO3和PP-g-MAH之间的相互协同改性作用可制得综合性能优良的PP复合材料。     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土熔融插层复合材料性能研究

选用几种不同型号蒙脱土(MMT),分别与聚丙烯(PP)进行熔融插层共混,制得PP/MMT复合材料。讨论了插层共混复合材料的力学性能、耐热性及流动性,同时考察了PP-g-MAH对复合体系相容性的影响。结果表明,MMT可使复合材料的拉伸强度提高7%,弯曲强度提高16%,而冲击强度则有所下降。PP-g-MAH作为MMT与PP的相容剂增容效果较为明显,偏光显微镜照片表明,MMT可使PP球晶尺寸明显减小,晶体结构更为致密。