东河油田深部调驱技术实验研究

针对东河油田油藏地层压力高、温度高和地层水矿化度高的特点,选用耐温耐盐聚合物SD7000研究并优化了适合该油藏的凝胶调驱体系,该体系配方为聚合物0.6%+高温交联剂0.3%+稳定剂0.08%+性能改进剂0.04%。评价了温度、矿化度、p H值三个因素对凝胶体系成胶性能的影响,结果表明:随着温度的升高,成胶时间变短,凝胶粘度先变大后变小;对p H值适用范围广,p H值在8~10时,成胶时间较短,凝胶粘度较大;随着钙离子浓度的增加,成胶时间变短,凝胶粘度基本不变;室内封堵实验表明,该凝胶体系封堵率达98%以上,具有一定的堵水作用。该研究对东河油田进一步提高水驱采收率提供了理论基础和技术支持,具有重要的指导意义。     

聚合物凝胶堵漏剂的研究与应用进展

聚合物凝胶堵漏剂是近年来逐步完善和发展起来的一种堵漏材料。简要介绍了聚合物凝胶堵漏剂特点及作用机理,并对国内外聚合物凝胶堵漏剂的研究及应用进行了评述。聚合物凝胶堵漏剂包括地下交联聚合物凝胶和可吸水膨胀交联聚合物凝胶,交联聚合物凝胶强度较低,必须与其他刚性材料配合才能很好地发挥作用。在堵漏施工中,交联聚合物凝胶不受漏失通道的限制,能够通过挤压变形进入裂缝和孔洞空间,最终达到封堵漏层的目的。现场应用表明,聚合物凝胶堵漏剂与其他材料配合使用,能很好地解决钻井过程中的恶性漏失,堵漏成功率高,对碳酸盐岩、裂缝发育地层及孔洞漏失特别有效。     

复合铬高温暂堵剂体系影响因素分析

复合铬高温暂堵体系由部分水解聚丙烯酰胺、交联剂Y、交联剂G及破胶剂等添加剂组成。在120℃下通过测定成胶时间和破胶时间评价了聚合物、交联剂种类及浓度对暂堵剂体系性能的影响,确定暂堵剂配方为：0.4%～0.55%聚合物PAM-1＋0.2%～0.3%复配铬（G/Y=1～2）交联剂＋0.03%破胶剂。进一步考察了盐度、剪切、地层岩性对暂堵体系的影响。结果表明,在盐度小于25 000 mg/L时,盐度对暂堵体系影响不大;在经过诸如管线和岩心剪切后,该体系的粘度保持率依然很高,保持在83%左右;与空白实验比较,该体系在砂岩及碳酸盐环境下成胶时间及破胶时间、成胶强度基本保持稳定。     

压裂液用绒囊暂堵剂实验研究

由于绒囊暂堵剂在钻完修井及煤层气勘探开发中的暂堵作用得到应用,本文针对绒囊暂堵剂在压裂暂堵方面进行研究;通过对绒毛剂、成膜剂、成核剂的筛选,选定0.3%的绒毛剂A、浓度超过0.1%成膜剂及0.3%成核剂6为优选的绒囊暂堵剂浓度及材料;并对绒囊暂堵剂与压裂液及压裂液添加剂配伍进行及破胶性评价,绒囊暂堵剂与压裂液及添加剂配伍并不影响压裂液冻胶的破胶性;通过细管摩阻实验发现绒囊暂堵剂比清水有更高的摩阻压差。     

基于低渗透率的聚丙烯酰胺类调剖剂研究

针对传统聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物在油田堵水中的污染和调堵效果差的问题,利用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)中酰胺基团上的活性氨基与三羟甲基三聚氰胺(TMM)分子中的羟甲基产生亲核反应,制备一种新型低渗透率的油田封堵调剖剂。在以不同原材料配合比、反应温度、不同浓度作为考察影响因素,通过实验观察PAM/TMM调剖剂黏度变化,最后通过红外光谱、凝胶强度、封堵率等方法或指标对制备的调剖剂表征及性能进行测定。     

互穿聚合物网络凝胶调剖堵水剂的研究进展

综述了互穿聚合物网络凝胶调剖堵水剂的国内外研究现状;阐述了互穿聚合物网络凝胶调剖堵水剂的制备方法、原料、配方、性能以及现场应用效果;同时指出了互穿聚合物网络凝胶调剖堵水剂的发展趋势。研究成果对改善高含水油田注水开发效果具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

碎屑岩油藏YN-1水平井堵剂的性能评价与应用

根据碎屑岩油藏的特征,研制了能在地层中有效驻留,并能形成界面交结强度大、有效期长的YN-1水平井液凝化学堵剂,评价了凝胶体强度、耐温性、抗盐性、堵剂注入能力、堵塞能力等性能,并进行了堵水施工应用。结果表明,该堵剂的封堵降水效果明显,能够满足现场需要。     

暂堵酸化技术在杜16块杜家台油藏的应用

针对杜16块杜家台油层纵向渗透率差异较大,部分井各层发育不明显,不具备工具卡封条件的具体状况,研制了新型的暂堵剂,对高渗透层具有暂时封堵,又能在生产过程中自己解除.通过暂堵与解堵相结合,实现对高渗层的暂时封堵,对低渗透层的油层改造一次完成.现场试验见到良好的措施效果,具有广阔的推广前景.     

三聚氰胺甲醛树脂/聚丙烯酰胺调剖堵水剂研究

以三聚氰胺和甲醛为原料,合成了三聚氰胺甲醛树脂(MF),并与水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)交联反应,制备了一种调剖堵水剂。考察了聚丙烯酰胺浓度、交联剂浓度、交联温度等条件,并对冻胶堵剂的性能进行了评价。结果表明,MF/HPAM最佳制备条件为:质量浓度0.3%的HPAM与质量浓度0.96%的MF在pH=8～9于75℃进行交联反应。冻胶在130℃高温下老化5 d,粘度仍高达7 710 mPa.s,且在模拟剪切条件下,冻胶粘度保留率保持在75%以上,说明堵剂具有良好的耐温耐剪切性能。     

暂堵剂应用于压裂施工中的实验研究

水溶性压裂暂堵剂用于压裂封堵老裂缝,造新缝,改善油流通道;该剂在1%的水溶液及压裂液破胶液中在50℃、80℃、120℃均可溶解,溶解速度随温度增加而加快;室温20℃下,在压裂液中可分散并稳定;与压裂液及添加剂配伍;暂堵剂粒径对暂堵效果有影响,不同粒径组合比单一粒径暂堵压力高。     

新型抗高温水溶性暂堵剂实验研究

高温120℃下,使用不同分子量和水解度的聚丙烯酰胺与多种交联剂按照不同比例进行交联反应,得到高温暂堵剂体系,通过对暂堵剂的成冻时间、稳定时间和破胶时间等因素的研究,确定暂堵剂体系的聚合物为PAM1200,聚合物质量浓度为0.4%～0.55%;交联剂为G与YG107(2∶1)复配体,质量浓度为0.1%～0.2%,破胶剂质量浓度0.03%～0.05%。在120℃0,.5%PAM1200,0.1%交联剂G,0.2%交联剂YG107,0.03%破胶剂下,稳定性评价实验及岩心流动实验表明:暂堵剂对不同渗透率的岩心封堵率达92.75%,暂堵后渗透率恢复率高于83.19%,具有较好的破胶液化能力。     

适合安塞油田杏河区块的暂堵剂优选

针对安塞油田杏河区块非均质储层进行低渗透油田暂堵酸化增产工艺研究,通过室内试验研究,进行酸化暂堵剂性能评价,筛选出适合安塞油田的酸化暂堵剂和酸液体系,完善暂堵酸化工艺体系,进行规模化应用,这对高效开发安塞油田具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。     

Experimental research of hydroquinone (HQ)/hexamethylene tetramine (HMTA) gel for water plugging treatments in high‐temperature and high‐salinity reservoirs

Polymer gel, as a water plugging treatment agent, has been successfully used in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) of mature oil fields. A new thermal‐resistance and salt‐tolerance polymer gel was developed based on HPAM and HQ/HMTA under the condition of high‐temperature (100.8 °C) and high‐salinity (up to 19.8 × 10⁴ mg/L and Ca²⁺&Mg²⁺ 0.8 × 10⁴ mg/L). The influence factors of gelling performance and coreflood performances were studied, the microstructure of the gel was observed with the environmental scanning electron microscopy, and gelation mechanism was proposed to illuminate the detailed gelation process. The gelation time decreases and the gel strength increases with the increase of polymer concentration, crosslinker concentration, or temperature. Although shearing had a negative effect on the viscosity of gelling solution, the gel strength, and the stability of gel have not been affected. The gelling solution has a good ability of injection and could selectively flow into high permeable zone. Additionally, the plugging rate increases and stays above 85% with the increase of the permeability or the gel strength. The microstructure of the gel confirms that the gel formed a three‐dimensional network structure. Based on the microstructure and the reaction process of the gel, a possible gelation mechanism is proposed. This study suggests that the gel system can be used in harsh reservoir conditions and the gelation time and gel strength can be controlled with adjusting the formation rate and the concentration of crosslinking agents. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44359.     

聚合物冻胶类堵剂在油田堵水中的应用

在油田堵水作业中聚合物类堵剂得到了广泛的应用,美国FOR方案设计中有35％采用聚合物,而其中的60％采用的是冻胶处理;在国内,聚合物冻胶类堵剂在油田八大类堵水体系中也占有较大的比例。文章描述了聚合物冻胶类堵剂在国内外的发展现状,根据聚合物类型的不同对该类冻胶进行分类,并介绍了其作用机理、应用情况、施工工艺以及理论研究情况,其中PI决策技术已经被广泛地用于指导油田调剖作业,最后指出针对深层、高温油藏聚合物冻胶类堵剂仍有广阔的发展前景。     

Pre-treatment optimization and properties of gelatin from freshwater fish scales

Enzyme protease A 2G (E.C. 3.4.24.39) was selected to pre-treat grass carp fish (Ctenopharyngodon idella) scales and response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted for pre-treating optimization. The optimal conditions from RSM were hydrolyze temperature 30.73 °C, amount of protease A 2G 0.22% (w/w) and hydrolyze time 5.52 h, and the resulted gelatin gel strength was 276 ± 12 g. The X-ray spectra indicated that the dried fish scales gelatin had tri-helix structure. The isoionic point (pI) value was about 7.0. The gel strength and gel viscoelastic properties of grass carp fish scale gelatin were higher compared to one commercial porcine skin gelatin 180PS8 at lower temperature, while the imino content (16%), gelling and melting points (20.8, 26.9 °C) were lower. At the same concentration, the α-chain and β-component contents of the gelatin made more contributions to the gel viscoelastic properties under gelling or melting points, while the amino acid composition made more effects to the stability of the gel. The gelling process was monitored by circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The results also showed that fish scales also can be a good source for gelatin.     

改性松香油溶性暂堵剂的研制与评价

以天然高分子松香为原料合成了一种油溶性的暂堵剂,并对其进行了油溶性、耐酸性、耐水性和分散性实验,确定了悬浮稳定剂的种类及最佳浓度. 所研制的油溶性暂堵剂暂堵效果较好,在聚合物悬浮液中的暂堵率达93%以上,渗透率恢复值达85%以上,能对高含水油井实现选择性酸化,达到增油控水的目的,满足现场施工需要.     

Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of sintering process for the preparation of magnesia partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) using natural baddeleyite as starting material

In this work, instead of chemical pure zirconia, natural baddeleyite was used as starting material to prepare partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) with magnesia as stabilizer. Response surface methodology (RSM) involving central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the sintering process for the preparation of magnesia partially stabilized zirconia (MgO-PSZ) with the aim of improving the relative density and bending strength of the materials. The interaction between three variables i.e. sintering temperature, holding time and heating rate was studied and modeled. The statistical analysis of the results showed that in the range studied, sintering temperature had a significant effect on relative density and bending strength. The optimum combination predicted by RSM was experimentally confirmed, whereby almost complete densification with the relative density 99.44% was obtained at a 3 °C/min cooling rate.     

聚乙烯醇-脲醛树脂堵水剂的改性研究

聚乙烯醇-脲醛树脂作为堵水剂,存在热稳定性差、强度低和固化时间难以控制等问题.通过加入稳定剂十二烷基磺酸钠、增韧剂超细碳酸钙、固化剂氯化铵对聚乙烯醇-脲醛树脂进行改性,得到一种稳定性好、强度高、固化时间可调的堵水剂,并对其性能进行了评价.结果表明,改性树脂堵水剂的堵水率达96.6％.     

高强度冻胶体系的室内研究

使用聚合物冻胶对注水井进行调剖是油田实现控水稳产的一项重要措施。室内研制了一种以部分水解聚丙烯酰胺、有机铬和水溶性酚醛为主剂的冻胶体系。在65℃条件下考察了主剂浓度、矿化度、温度、pH值、热稳定剂等对体系成胶性能的影响。结果表明,该体系在矿化度<16 000 mg/L、温度<80℃、pH值为6～8时,生成的冻胶突破真空压力达到0.070 MPa以上。由岩心封堵试验得到,该冻胶体系对模拟岩心的封堵率>96%,突破压力梯度>34 MPa/m。     

ZD-10暂堵剂性能研究及其在普光气田酸压中的应用

研究了ZD-10酸压暂堵剂的作用机理与使用性能,并在普光气田304-1井酸压施工中进行了试验应用。试验结果证实:该暂堵剂具有悬浮稳定性能好,对地层封堵后形成的突破压力高、封堵能力强,经残酸解堵后渗透性恢复率高等特点。经在普光气田304-1井酸压施工的试验应用,有效地实现了暂堵和酸压转向作用,取得了日产天然气30.58×104 m3的良好效果。