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大豆蛋白亚基组成与7S/11S对豆腐品质及产率的影响 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
通过采用不连续的十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,运用数学归一法对所选不同大豆品种中蛋白质的亚基组成及其比值(7S/11S)进行了测定,得出品种间差异对蛋白质亚基组成的变化影响较明显。然后将所选大豆品种分别制成豆腐制品,通过测定豆腐品质(出品率、硬度),将其与亚基组成及7S/11S分别进行相关分析,得出各亚基对豆腐品质参数的影响显著程度各不相同,其中α′和α亚基与豆腐出品率、硬度均呈现极显著负相关性;β亚基与二者之间呈显著负相关;A3酸性亚基与二者之间相关性均不显著;A1,2,4酸性亚基与出品率呈显著正相关性,且与硬度呈现极显著正相关;B碱性亚基与出品率呈显著正相关,而与硬度之间无显著相关性;7S/11S与二者均呈极显著负相关。最后采用聚类分析法,筛选出88079、310及东农42为较适合作为加工豆腐的专用品种。 相似文献
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酶在大豆蛋白加工领域的应用进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以改性分离蛋白、大豆多肽、植物水解蛋白(HVP)为例,介绍了酶制剂在大豆蛋白加工领域的应用情况,并对未来的发展情况进行了展望。 相似文献
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为研究不同变性程度的原料所制备的大豆分离蛋白(SPI)贮藏稳定性及其与蛋白结构的关系,实验分别以三批不同变性程度(72.6%,29.4%和1.8%)的低温脱脂豆粕制备SPI,以大豆为原料提取的SPI为对照,考察其在贮藏(37℃)10周过程中溶解度变化及其与初始蛋白的聚集和解离程度的对应关系。结果表明:原始SPI(对照)显示出最高初始溶解度(93%),经10周贮藏后其溶解度下降幅度最小。原料变性程度越高,对应SPI初始溶解度越低;而初始溶解度越高,其在贮藏过程中下降越快,10周后三者溶解度几乎降至同一水平。同时,高变性程度原料制备的SPI聚集或解离程度也越高,不利于SPI短期贮藏中(≤6周)的溶解度;原料变性程度和蛋白初始溶解度均相当时,聚集或解离程度高的SPI在贮藏后期(>6周)溶解度损失更快。此外,引起蛋白聚集的主要共价键是二硫键,但除此之外也在变性程度原料的SPI中也发现其他共价键。 相似文献
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为提高大豆肽纳米颗粒(SPN)Pickering乳液稳定性,以大豆肽聚集体为原料,采用超声法制备SPN,对超声时间进行了优化;在SPN体系中引入大豆分离蛋白(SPI)构建复合乳化剂,研究不同乳化剂质量浓度下SPI对SPN界面活性和乳化稳定性的影响。结果表明:选取超声时间10 min制备SPN;随着乳化剂质量浓度的增大,乳液粒径逐渐减小,当乳化剂质量浓度较低(5 mg/mL)时,乳液出现桥联,乳化剂质量浓度过高(30 mg/mL)时则出现絮凝;界面蛋白吸附率随着乳化剂质量浓度的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势。在相同乳化剂质量浓度下,添加SPI的SPN乳液(SPI-SPN乳液)的粒径分布峰左移,其粒径、界面蛋白吸附率显著小于SPN乳液的;在储存过程中,SPN乳液粒径逐渐增大,SPI-SPN乳液粒径没有显著变化;SPI-SPN乳液的乳析指数小于相同乳化剂质量浓度的SPN乳液,当乳化剂质量浓度为30 mg/mL时,储存15 d SPI-SPN乳液未出现分层现象。综上,SPI可以提高SPN的界面活性和SPN乳液储存过程中的絮凝稳定性和分层稳定性。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Soybeans are stored and transported under various humidity and temperature conditions. Soymilk and tofu are two of the most important foods made from whole soybeans. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of storage conditions on soybean quality as related to soymilk and tofu-making properties. Soybeans of 3 different genotypes (Proto, IA2032, and Vinton 81) were stored in varying conditions: temperature ranging from 4 to 50 °C, relative humidity from 55% to 80%, initial moisture content from 6% to14%, and storage time up to 15 mo depending upon storage conditions. The effects of different storage conditions on soybean color, solids and protein extractability, soymilk pH, tofu yield, tofu solids and protein contents, tofu color, and texture were investigated. While no significant changes occurred for the soybeans stored at 4 °C, the soybeans stored at high temperatures (30 to 50 °C) exhibited significant quality loss ( P < 0.05). The degradation of soybean lightness (Hunter L ), color difference (Δ E ), and solid extractability exhibited a linear relationship with time. Soak weight decreased at high temperature and relative humidity, but increased at mild storage conditions. Several combinations of storage conditions at temperatures exceeding 30 °C produced a drastic loss in tofu yield. Storage also affected the tofu making process by reducing optimum mixing time to produce the highest tofu yield. Varietal difference in soybean storability was observed. The results provided useful information for the soybean processing industry to store soybeans using the optimal storage conditions and to estimate soybean quality after storage. 相似文献
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Regular frankfurters treated with tofu powder had decreased fat with no significant differences in color, texture, or overall acceptability compared to a control by sensory analysis. Lean frankfurters with tofu powder had lower moisture and color, better texture, and overall acceptability with no flavor differences from controls. Except for fracturability, there were no differences in texture-related parameters by Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) between regular and control frankfurters but treated lean frankfurters had improved texture. Lean pork sausages treated with tofu powder were lower in fat, higher in protein, and moisture with no differences in sensory attributes compared to controls. 相似文献
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Takahiro Isiguro Tomotado Ono Katsuhiko Nakasato Chigen Tsukamoto 《Journal of food science》2005,70(1):C63-C66
ABSTRACT: The rapid measurement of phytate from soybean and its products, such as soy flour, defatted meal, soymilk, and tofu, was investigated using Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) with an attenuated total refraction accessory. The phytate, separated from protein by trichloroacetic acid (TCA), was precipitated completely by the addition of calcium, pH > 7.0, even in the presence of TCA. The precipitate was dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 6.0) and then used for infrared measurement. The absorbance at 1070 cm−1 correlated well the phytate content of the each sample. The measurement of phytate can be done rapidly by FT-IR with an ATR accessory and gives reproducible values. 相似文献
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以大豆分离蛋白为原料制得可食性膜,研究在不同低温储藏条件下其功能特性,包括机械性能和阻隔性能的变化。结果显示:随冷藏温度的升高,其功能特性变化较为缓慢。而随冻藏温度的降低,断裂延伸率下降尤为明显,抗拉强度和脂质阻隔能力变化趋势次之,水蒸气透过率升高缓慢。冷藏时间与断裂延伸率呈显著正相关(p<0.05)。冷藏时间与水蒸气透过率和油脂渗透系数均呈极显著正相关(p<0.01)。冻藏时间与水蒸气透过率和油脂渗透系数呈显著正相关(p<0.05)和极显著正相关(p<0.01)。 相似文献
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《Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment》2013,30(10):1559-1566
ABSTRACTTofu or bean curd is obtained from soybean seeds being a widespread food product in Asia. The commodity used for its production can be contaminated with aflatoxins, which are secondary metabolites synthetised by species of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Intake of contaminated food products causes toxic effects on consumers. The aim of this work was to study aflatoxin distribution in fractions obtained from pilot-scale tofu production with contaminated soybeans. The presence of the aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 (AFs) in soaking water, okara, whey and tofu was analysed. Aflatoxin analysis was performed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The distribution of aflatoxins in all the analysed fractions was not a normal distribution. The liquid fractions (soaking water and whey) had less contamination than solid fractions (tofu and okara). The percentage AFB1 remaining in nutritionally important fractions, okara and tofu, was between 6.2% and 67.7% (median = 18.1%) and 0.5% and 13.2% (median = 3.5%), respectively. AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 had a similar distribution. These results showed that throughout tofu production, AFs can be present in the products intended for human consumption. 相似文献
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Aijun Yang Heather Smyth Mridusmita Chaliha Andrew James 《Food Science & Nutrition》2016,4(2):207-215
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豆腐渣代替豆粕酿造酱油的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
该文研究了用豆腐渣代替豆粕生产酱油的工艺,通过试验确定了各生产工序的操作要点等。并对成曲蛋白酶活力、成品的感官指标、理化指标,全氮利用率等进行了对比。 相似文献
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