五轴数控机床摆动轴几何误差的测量与辨识

提出一种基于球杆仪的摆动轴几何误差测量和辨识的新方法。通过圆弧测量轨迹测量球杆仪球心在回转工作台上3个安装位置的球心偏差,并利用齐次坐标变换理论建立其几何误差的辨识模型,分两步从球杆仪测量结果中辨识出4项轴线位置误差和6项运动误差。在转摆台式五轴数控机床上采用球杆仪进行实验验证,通过比较误差补偿前后球杆仪的测量值来验证辨识方法的有效性。     

五轴数控机床旋转轴几何误差测量与建模

利用球杆仪对五轴数控机床旋转轴的几何误差进行了测量及建模。在测试中,五轴数控机床采用两个平动轴和一个旋转轴同步运动,球杆仪采用径向、切向和轴向三种测试路径,并在此基础上对其进行几何误差建模。     

虚拟观测法在球杆仪估算机床平动轴 几何误差中的应用

在利用球杆仪辨识数控机床平动轴的几何误差过程中,由于建立的辨识模型中任意位置的参数矢量矩阵为病态矩阵, 致使在求解辨识模型时存在不精确解或者无解的现象。 针对上述问题,提出了一种基于虚拟观测法的岭估计求解辨识模型解 的方法。 以机床的平动轴为研究对象,基于球杆仪测量的杆长数据,将其代入所建立的误差元素与球杆仪杆长变化量之间的映 射关系,并基于虚拟观测法求解出几何误差项的多项式系数。 该方法从病态矩阵的病因来改善辨识矩阵的病态性,进而实现对 各轴相关误差元素的辨识。 仿真以及实验结果验证了辨识方法的正确性,并改善了辨识矩阵的病态性,研究结果为准确辨识机 床几何误差提供了理论依据。     

球杆仪用于数控机床几何误差补偿的研究

介绍了利用球杆仪测试和辨识数控机床几何精度的方法,在精确掌握三坐标数控机床几何误差的基础上,通过建立三轴数控机床的几何误差模型,利用误差综合补偿软件进行了补偿实验.结果表明,机床的各项误差都有所降低.     

五轴联动龙门铣床误差分析与检测辨识研究

对某五轴联动龙门铣床进行几何误差分析,并结合机床拓扑结构和多体系统理论的理想的位置、运动矩阵、位置、运动误差矩阵,利用激光干涉仪进行机床仅沿三坐标轴方向运动的误差检测,辨识滚角误差;平动轴的各项几何误差经补偿后,使用雷尼绍球杆仪分别与三坐标轴的方向平行,进行C回转轴误差检测,再使得球杆仪安装沿Y轴有一偏移量,进行B轴的误差检测,辨识线位移误差和角位移误差。最终,得到五轴联动龙门铣床的37项几何误差参数,为后续的误差补偿奠定基础。     

符合阿贝原则的数控机床几何误差建模

为提高现有数控机床空间误差分析方法的准确度,本文基于阿贝原则对齐次转换矩阵(HTM)几何误差补偿模型进行优化。首先,推导出XYFZ型三轴机床适用的HTM几何误差补偿模型并给出模型正确使用的前提条件;然后,基于阿贝原则分析了三轴机床的空间误差传递机理,指出阿贝误差对机床定位精度的影响,给出理论计算公式并在机床运动轴上进行实验验证;最后,基于阿贝原则和布莱恩原则对现有的HTM几何误差补偿模型进行优化,采用该模型拟合体对角线空间误差,并与实测机床体对角线误差进行对比验证。现有HTM几何补偿模型可将机床空间误差由41.15μm补偿至16.37μm,补偿率为60.22%;优化后的补偿模型可将机床空间误差补偿至5.32μm,补偿率为87.07%,提高了26.85%。实验结果表明,优化后的补偿模型更加合理,进一步改善了空间误差的补偿精度。     

基于球杆仪的直线轴位置相关误差辨识研究

针对多轴机床空间误差检测及辨识方法成本高、时间长等问题,提出一种新的基于球杆仪测试的直线轴位置相关几何误差辨识方法。分别建立各平面内轴运动误差模型,并采用多项式对误差元素预拟合,以常规的三平面圆弧轨迹测量获取误差数据,并基于最小二乘法求解拟合系数,替代直接对误差元素具体数值求解的传统方法,实现对各直线轴位置相关误差元素的辨识。通过实验验证了辨识结果的正确性和有效性,该方法对机床直线轴误差辨识、补偿具有参考价值。     

数控机床两种几何误差建模方法有效性试验研究

数控机床在制造行业中有着广泛的应用,数控机床精度对保证被加工零件质量起着关键作用,对机床平动轴几何误差进行补偿是进一步提升数控机床加工精度能力的重要手段。几何误差建模是几何误差补偿的基础,通常采用18项或21项几何误差建模方法,基于这两种建模方法,进行误差检测、辨识与补偿。但这两种建模方法对误差补偿的不同影响还没有系统的验证研究,根据验证结果指导采用更适宜的几何建模方法,对于改善误差补偿效果有着至关重要的意义。通过已经建立的数控机床的两种几何误差建模方法建模,开展了基于这两种误差模型的数控机床平动轴几何误差检测、辨识和补偿的仿真和试验研究,并对这两种误差补偿的有效性进行了系统性的分析比较。试验研究发现,18项几何误差建模方法能够精简地描述三轴数控机床的全几何误差项,21项几何误差建模方法则存在3项冗余角度误差项,造成精度预测模型的准确性降低。当通过建立精度预测模型进行机床空间误差补偿,试验研究发现采用18项几何误差建模方法的误差补偿效果优于采用21项几何误差建模方法的误差补偿效果,即18项几何误差建模方法更适用于三轴数控机床几何误差的软件补偿方法。该研究结论对于进一步提升数控机床加工精度的能力具有理论和实际的指导意义。     

转台-摆头式五轴机床几何误差测量及辨识

为降低转动轴几何误差对转台-摆头式五轴机床精度的影响,提出了基于球杆仪的位置无关几何误差测量和辨识方法。基于多体系统理论及齐次坐标变换方法建立了转台-摆头式五轴机床位置无关几何误差模型,依据旋转轴不同运动状态下的几何误差影响因素建立基于圆轨迹的四种测量模式,并实现10项位置无关几何误差的辨识。利用所建立的几何误差模型进行数值模拟,确定转动轴的10项位置无关几何误差对测量轨迹的影响。最后,采用误差补偿的形式实验验证所提出的测量及辨识方法的有效性,将位置无关几何误差补偿前后的测量轨迹进行比较。误差补偿后10项位置无关几何误差的平均补偿率为70.4%,最大补偿率达到88.4%,实验结果表明所提出的建模和辨识方法可用于转台-摆头式五轴机床转动轴精度检测,同时可为机床精度评价及几何精度提升提供依据。     

基于球杆仪位姿的机床回转台几何误差辨识研究

针对误差测量中由移动轴联动引起的旋转轴与移动轴误差耦合现象,提出一种基于球杆仪实际位姿的误差辨识方法。以CFXYZA型五轴数控机床的回转台为测量对象,设计了球杆仪X向,Y向及Z向组合测量模式,通过改变球杆仪中心座的安装位置和高度,共测得6组杆长变化数据,再利用齐次变换理论推导几何误差参数与杆长变化量的关系式,以辨识出回转台6项几何误差。测量试验和辨识结果表明,使用该法不仅提高了辨识精度,而且可消除测量过程中耦合的移动轴误差,对同类型机床回转台的几何误差测量、辨识均具有参考意义。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.