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采用恒温干燥(40,50,60,70 ℃)和阶段变温干燥(阶段升温和阶段降温)工艺对怀山药进行红外喷动床干燥(IRSBD)处理,研究其对干燥动力学、均匀性及品质特性(质构、复水性能、总酚含量、微观结构和皱缩率)的影响。对怀山药红外喷动床干燥曲线的数学模型拟合结果表明,Midilli模型R2最大(0.99989),RMSE和χ2最小(分别为0.00319和1.69872×10-5),最适合描述怀山药IRSBD动力学。对比不同干燥工艺发现,恒温干燥条件下,提高干燥温度有利于缩短干燥时间,降低能耗。阶段升温干燥能耗仅高于70 ℃恒温干燥,其干燥均匀性最好,样品总酚含量最高为(85.25±7.41)mg GAE/100 g DW,皱缩率及硬度最低,分别为(74.3±3.96)%和(24.95±7.41)N,且有良好的色泽。阶段降温干燥样品具有较高的平衡复水比和脆度,然而在干燥时间、能耗、均匀性及产品硬度、皱缩率和总酚含量方面没有显著优势。结论:阶段升温干燥是怀山药IRSBD更为理想的干燥工艺。研究结果可为IRSBD技术应用于农产品加工提供理论参考。 相似文献
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干燥方法对番石榴活性物质含量及抗氧化能力的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为研究干燥方式、工艺参数对番石榴活性物质含量及抗氧化能力的影响,采用热风干燥、热风-红外联合干燥、真空干燥和真空冷冻干燥技术,比较其对番石榴总酚、黄酮、抗坏血酸含量、清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基能力、清除2,2’-联氮-二(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt,ABTS)自由基能力和铁离子还原能力(ferric reducing antioxidant power,FRAP )以及抑制亚油酸过氧化能力的影响。结果表明,与鲜果相比,干燥后番石榴总酚含量显著增加,黄酮和抗坏血酸含量显著降低(P<0.05),抗氧化能力显著降低。真空干燥和真空冷冻干燥得到的总酚、抗坏血酸含量较高,清除自由基及FRAP较高。热风干燥得到的番石榴干制品抑制亚油酸过氧化能力较高。随干燥温度升高,热风和热风-红外联合干燥后的黄酮保留量增加,抗坏血酸含量、清除自由基及FRAP降低。综合来看,真空冷冻干燥和中低温热风干燥(60 ℃和75 ℃)得到的番石榴干制品抗氧化能力较高。Spearman相关性分析表明,DPPH、ABTS、FRAP法测定的抗氧化能力及抗氧化效能综合指数分别与总酚含量的相关系数较高,且DPPH自由基清除能力、抗氧化效能综合指数与总酚含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),说明多酚可能是番石榴干制品主要抗氧化物质。 相似文献
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为明确‘修水化红’甜橙皮热风干燥(hot air drying,HAD)特性及确定适宜的干燥温度,实现对‘修水化红’皮在HAD过程中的质量控制,本研究以‘修水化红’皮为对象,探讨其在不同HAD温度(50、60、70、80、90 ℃)下水分比与干燥时间的关系并建立动力学模型。同时以外观特征、黄酮含量、抗氧化能力及挥发性风味成分含量为评价指标,综合评价不同HAD温度对‘修水化红’品质的影响。结果表明:‘修水化红’皮的HAD过程分为加速、恒速及降速3 个阶段,随着干燥温度升高,‘修水化红’皮干燥速率明显增大,数据拟合结果表明Page模型能准确描述不同热风温度下‘修水化红’皮的干燥过程。50 ℃ HAD能够最大程度地保持‘修水化红’皮的色泽和形状,60 ℃ HAD‘修水化红’皮的总黄酮、橙皮苷含量最高,90 ℃ HAD‘修水化红’皮抗氧化能力较好。5 种干燥温度的‘修水化红’皮为共鉴定出24 种挥发性风味成分,其中50~70 ℃ HAD‘修水化红’皮均为11 种,80 ℃ HAD‘修水化红’皮为15 种,90 ℃ HAD‘修水化红’皮为19 种。D-柠檬烯是5 种干燥温度的‘修水化红’皮主要的挥发性风味成分,相对含量最高。不同HAD温度下的‘修水化红’皮的品质均表现出一定的差异,在选择适宜的干燥温度时需考虑实际生产需求,需求黄酮类物质含量高的产品则考虑60 ℃ HAD,生产香料用产品考虑90 ℃ HAD。 相似文献
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Deyvid Henrique Braga;Amanda Aparecida de Lima Santos;Isabele Cristina Bicalho;Iara Hernandez Rodriguez; 《Journal of food process engineering》2024,47(6):e14656
In the fruit processing industry, a large volume of residue is generated, which is usually discarded. However, fruit residues may have appeal as functional ingredients due to the presence of bioactive compound. In this study, the drying of acerola residue in a medium-sized conventional spouted bed was investigated. The residue was characterized; vitamin C and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were determined to evaluate the effect of drying on bioactive compounds. To overcome the difficulty of material fluidization, a mixture composed of in natura acerola residue and acerola residue previously dried in an oven as an inert material was used. The effect of air temperature (40 and 60°C) and velocity (28 and 36 m/s) and amount of in natura residue in the mixture (20% and 30%) was evaluated during drying. As expected, higher temperatures and air velocities and lower percentages of in natura residue favored the reduction of moisture. For a mixture containing 20% in natura residue, air velocity of 36 m/s, and temperature of 60°C, it was possible to achieve a final moisture content suitable for storage (14.23% w.b.) and the highest percentage of DPPH free radical capture activity (85.31%). Moreover, a mixture containing 30% in natura residue, velocity of 28 m/s, and temperature of 40°C conserved more vitamin C (48.30 mg of ascorbic acid/100 g). Finally, spouted bed can be considered a good technique for drying acerola residue as it was able to reduce a high amount of moisture content preserving bioactive compounds during short drying periods at low temperatures. 相似文献
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为实现带壳鲜花生红外-喷动干燥过程中水分比的预测,本实验探究了不同干燥温度(55、60、65 ℃和70 ℃)、进口风速(16、17、18 m/s和19 m/s)和助流剂质量(1.0、1.5、2.0 kg和2.5 kg)对带壳鲜花生干燥时间和干燥速率的影响,建立了输入层为干燥温度、进口风速、助流剂质量和干燥时间,隐含层节点数为11,输出层为带壳鲜花生水分比,拓扑结构为“4-11-1”的BP神经网络模型。结果表明:干燥温度和进口风速是影响带壳鲜花生水分比的主要因素,增加进口风速和提高干燥温度能有效缩短带壳鲜花生的干燥时间,提高干燥效率。采用Levenberg-Marquardt(L-M)算法为训练函数,选择tansig-purelin为网络传递函数,经过有限次训练得到的BP神经网络模型,其水分比预测值与实验值之间的决定系数R2为0.99,均方误差为0.02,水分比预测结果相较于传统经典数学模型准确且迅速。本研究建立的BP神经网络模型可为带壳鲜花生在红外-喷动干燥过程中的水分比在线预测提供理论依据和技术支持。 相似文献
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目的研究不同干燥方式对猴头菇品质的影响。方法采用真空冷冻干燥、热风干燥、真空干燥3种不同干燥方式测定猴头菇干品活性成分含量及抗氧化活性,通过DPPH清除能力、还原力、ABTS+清除能力3种抗氧化体系进行综合评价。结果 50℃真空干燥组猴头菇干制品总酚和三萜类活性成分含量最高,分别为17.56 mg/g和2.83 mg/g,随加热温度升高而降低, 70℃真空干燥组的总酚和三萜类含量仅为50℃真空干燥组的53.5%和71.7%;真空冷冻干燥和热风干燥组2种成分含量相差不大,总酚和三萜含量最高的皆为60℃热风干燥组,分别为7.28 mg/g和2.17 mg/g,含量最低的分别是70℃热风干燥和真空冷冻干燥,总酚含量为4.06 mg/g,三萜含量为1.77 mg/g。发现真空干燥组醇提物抗氧化能力好于另外2种干燥方式,且抗氧化能力均随提取液浓度增加变大。结论 50℃真空干燥组猴头菇活性成分含量较高、抗氧化能力相对较强,可更好的应用于干燥和后续加工产品品质提升。 相似文献
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Manoela A. Vieira Marcelo Maraschin Cristiane M. Pagliosa Rossana Podestá Karina N. De Simas Ismael Ivan Rockenbach Renata D. de M. C. Amboni Edna R. Amante 《Journal of food science》2010,75(3):C280-C285
ABSTRACT: Ilex paraguariensis is known to contain compounds with antioxidant properties, such as phenolic acids, and its stimulant properties are attributed to methylxanthines, such as caffeine. The aims of this study were to evaluate the phenolic, methylxanthinic, and tannin composition of a mate residue (mate powder), to compare the quali-quantitative phenolic composition and the antioxidant potential of extracts obtained from distinct solvent systems. Among the extracts prepared with different solvents, the 80% methanol extract showed the highest total polyphenol content (11.51 g/100 g) and antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis showed that 4,5 dicaffeoylquinic acid is the major component of the phenolic fraction of mate powder. The caffeine, theobromine, and tannin contents in mate powder were 1.01, 0.10, and 0.29 g/100 g, respectively. Consumption of mate powder would significantly contribute to antioxidant and stimulant intake, providing high amounts of phenolic acids, tannins, and methylxanthines with biological effects potentially beneficial for human health. Practical Application: This article contributes to the minimization of residues in yerba-mate processing. 相似文献
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Chang Liu Yanru Hou Rina Su Yulong Luo Lu Dou Zhihao Yang Duo Yao Bohui Wang Lihua Zhao Lin Su Ye Jin 《Food Science & Nutrition》2022,10(8):2646-2658
This study investigated the effects of probiotics on growth performance, meat quality, muscle fiber characteristics, volatile compounds, and antioxidant capacity in lambs. A total of 24 Sunit lambs were randomly allocated into two groups, each consisting of three replicates of four lambs. Throughout the experiment period, the lambs were fed with based diet (CON) and 10 g probiotics/d supplemented diet (PRO). Compared with the CON group, the number of lactic acid bacteria in fecal samples of PRO group was significantly increased (p < .05) and the coliforms were significantly decreased (p < .05). Dietary probiotics supplementation decreased pH24h, L*, and shear force (p < .05). The muscle fibers were switched from type IIB to type I, with a decrease in the mean cross-sectional area (CSA) (p < .05) of longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle. Also, probiotics altered the composition of meat volatile flavor compounds, such as nonanal, undecanal, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, and 2,3-octanedione. In addition, probiotics increased the total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) and catalase (CAT) activity of LT muscle, while it decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p < .05). Overall, these results indicated that probiotics could be used as an effective feed additive by improving meat tenderness and flavor. 相似文献
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目的 对比分析不同种类桂花茶活性成分和体外抗氧化能力。方法 本研究以湖南省代表性茶叶-古丈毛尖、君山黄芽、石门红茶和贡眉分别与桂花拼配形成4种不同的桂花茶为研究对象, 对比桂花、茶叶和桂花茶中总酚、总黄酮、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸和咖啡碱等活性成分含量和体外抗氧化能力。结果 桂花红茶和桂花白茶中总酚含量分别为37.98 mg CAE/g DW, 36.48 mg CAE/g DW, 其总酚含量显著高于桂花、石门红茶和贡眉; 桂花红茶和桂花白茶中可溶性糖含量为4.88 g/100 g和4.91 g/100 g, 显著高于石门红茶、贡眉和其他种类桂花茶。同时, 石门红茶和贡眉与桂花搭配的两种桂花茶抗氧化能力优于桂花、石门红茶和贡眉。结论 石门红茶、贡眉与桂花搭配的两种桂花茶呈现更优的品质, 可为桂花红茶和桂花白茶的进一步开发提供理论基础。 相似文献
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González-Aguilar GA Villegas-Ochoa MA Martínez-Téllez MA Gardea AA Ayala-Zavala JF 《Journal of food science》2007,72(3):S197-S202
ABSTRACT: The effect of UV-C irradiation time on total phenol, flavonoids, β-carotene, ascorbic acid contents, and antioxidant capacity (ORAC, DPPH• ) of fresh-cut \"Tommy Atkins\" mango stored for 15 d at 5 °C was investigated. Fresh-cut mango was irradiated for 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 min prior to storage at 5 °C. UV-C irradiation for 10 min induced a hypersensitive defense response resulting in the phenols and flavonoids accumulation which was positively correlated with ORAC and DPPH• values. However, β-carotene and ascorbic acid content of fresh-cut mangos decreased with irradiation time during storage. Antioxidant capacity (ORAC, DPPH• ) was increased in fresh-cut mangoes treated with UV-C irradiation. In conclusion, UV-C irradiation appears to be a good technique to improve the total antioxidant capacity of fresh-cut mango. 相似文献
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通过测定热风干燥大曲在贮存期的理化指标、生化指标、酶系指标、挥发性风味成分指标和微生物指标等的变化,探究热风干燥技术对大曲贮存期质量的影响。研究发现,经热风干燥后大曲的水分和水活度显著降低,在贮存期间对氨态氮的形成有一定抑制作用,在贮存后期对酯类和2,6-二甲基吡嗪含量有促进作用;实验室贮存条件下,热风干燥在大曲贮存后期也能促进其酒化力、液化力、糖化酶活力提高和增加细菌的数量;而热风干燥对大曲在贮存期淀粉的分解、酯化力、发酵力、蛋白酶活力没有影响。 相似文献
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Younes Ghalavand Mohammad Sadegh Hatamipour Amir Rahimi 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2010,45(12):2546-2552
Drying of Green Peas (Pisum sativum) was studied experimentally in a lab‐scale spouted bed. Experiments were carried out at different operating conditions, and the effect of inlet air temperature and its flow rate, bed height (initial mass of wet particles) and average diameter of particles were examined on performance of dryer and rate of drying. The obtained experimental results were fitted by an exponential form equation to model the drying kinetic behaviour of green peas in a spouted bed. The fitting parameters are presented in the form of mathematical correlations as a function of operating parameters. As expected, it was found that by increasing inlet air temperature and air‐flow rate, the rate of drying increases, but by increasing the bed height and diameter of particles, the rate of drying decreases. The results can help the design engineers to choose the optimum drying conditions for industrial applications. 相似文献
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苹果酵素自然发酵过程中生物活性物质的变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究苹果酵素自然发酵过程中生物活性物质、功效酶及抗氧化能力的动态变化,并对总酚、总黄酮含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与抗氧化能力之间的相关性进行分析。结果表明,苹果酵素自然发酵过程中,总酚和总黄酮含量在发酵60 d时达到最高,分别为1.16 mg/mL和0.45 mg/mL;SOD、脂肪酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶酶活在发酵90 d时达到最高,分别为42.12 U/mL、23.34 U/mL、10.03 U/mL、6.15 U/mL和2.14 U/mL;DPPH·、O2-·、·OH、ABTS·清除能力和还原力(吸光度值)在发酵60~75 d时最高,分别为85.29%、78.85%、65.06%、59.04%和1.93。自由基清除能力和还原力与总酚含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与SOD活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),说明苹果酵素有较好的抗氧化能力。 相似文献
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目的:探究适合油茶粉的干燥方式,以便油茶食用和贮藏。方法:采用喷雾干燥、真空冷冻干燥、真空干燥3种干燥方式对油茶汤进行干燥处理,并对干燥后油茶粉的品质(水分含量、感官评价、色泽)及挥发性物质进行评价。结果:真空冷冻干燥油茶粉感官得分最高(93),含水量最低(3.78%),色泽较优(ΔE值49.74)。利用SPME-GC-MS技术从3种方式干燥油茶粉中共鉴定出104种挥发性物质,其中,影响油茶粉风味的有14种。冷冻干燥的特征风味物质(壬醛、癸醛、(Z)-2-癸醛、(Z)-2-壬烯醛、(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛)呈现青香、油脂香,喷雾干燥和真空干燥的特有香气均为(Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛、(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛、癸醛,呈现青香、果香、蜡香。结论:真空冷冻干燥风味品质最佳。 相似文献
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Effect of extraction solvents and thermal drying methods on bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Patricia White cultivar)
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Hong Ngoc Thuy Pham Quan Van Vuong Michael C. Bowyer Christopher J. Scarlett 《Journal of Food Processing and Preservation》2017,41(5)
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为探明干燥温度对白茶香气的影响,本研究以丹霞2号为实验材料,通过顶空固相微萃取-气质联用仪(HS-SPME-GC/MS)分析不同干燥温度下白茶的挥发性成分。研究表明,白茶中醇类、酯类相对含量随干燥温度增加,呈降低趋势;酮类、醛类、碳氢化合物和呋喃类则呈现增加趋势。主成分和聚类分析结果与感官审评结果一致,白茶香气轮廓阶段性变化,60℃、100℃和120℃是香气轮廓转变的临界点。芳香烃、单萜烯和酯类是不同温度下丹霞白茶的表征性成分。醛类、酮类则对白茶整体香气有加成作用,醛类对香气的正向作用要大于酮类,醇类则有负面影响。酯类是白茶香气从不愉悦到愉悦转变的主要原因,C10-C11芳香烃和C10单萜烯含量增加则引起茶叶味苦,焦味加重。 相似文献
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干制方式对腌腊草鱼脂肪氧化和挥发性风味成分的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以不同干制方式制得的腌腊鱼(水分质量分数40%)为对象,基于菌落总数、酸价(acid value,AV)、过氧化值(peroxide value,POV)、硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid,TBA)含量、总脂含量与总脂肪酸组成、挥发性风味物质、感官评分等指标,探讨了光照和温度对腌腊鱼风味品质的影响。结果显示:冷风避光组腌腊鱼样品的菌落总数最高,而热风光照组最低,分别为4.42、2.91(lg(CFU/g))。光照组腌腊鱼的脂质氧化指标均高于避光组,两者总脂含量无显著差异(P>0.05);热风组腌腊鱼的POV和TBA含量均显著高于冷风组(P<0.05),AV和总脂含量显著低于冷风组(P<0.05)。多不饱和脂肪酸含量占腌腊鱼总脂肪酸含量的40%左右。无论是温度还是光照均对以二十二碳六烯酸为代表的n-3系多不饱和脂肪酸有显著影响(P<0.05)。感官评价结果表明,冷风组和光照组腌腊鱼样品香气得分均显著高于热风组和避光组(P<0.05)。本研究共从4 种腌腊鱼样品中检出了82 种挥发性物质,筛选确定了2-壬烯醛等14 种气味活性物质。相同温度下,光照组样品的气味活性值总和显著高于避光组(P<0.05),表明光照更有利于香气物质的生成。本研究可为腌腊鱼生产企业改善产品品质提供理论依据。 相似文献