空中三维电场传感器及其标定方法研究

空中电场是以三维矢量形式存在的,以往用于空中电场探测的电场传感器主要实现矢量电场的一个或两个分量的探测。介绍了一种新型的空中三维电场传感器,可实现空中矢量电场的三维检测,并对该三维电场传感器的标定方法进行了仿真分析,设计出该传感器的专用标定装置。测试数据表明该传感器的输出与外部电场呈良好的线性关系,与理论分析一致,证明了该电场传感器结构设计和标定方法的合理性。     

Near-field to near/far-field transformation for arbitrarynear-field geometry utilizing an equivalent electric current andMoM

Presented here is a method for computing near- and far-field patterns of an antenna from its near-field measurements taken over an arbitrarily shaped geometry. This method utilizes near-field data to determine an equivalent electric current source over a fictitious surface which encompasses the antenna. This electric current, once determined, can be used to ascertain the near and the far field. This method demonstrates the concept of analytic continuity, i.e., once the value of the electric field is known for one region in space, from a theoretical perspective, its value for any other region can be extrapolated. It is shown that the equivalent electric current produces the correct fields in the regions in front of the antenna regardless of the geometry over which the near-field measurements are made. In this approach, the measured data need not satisfy the Nyquist sampling criteria. An electric field integral equation is developed to relate the near field to the equivalent electric current. A moment method procedure is employed to solve the integral equation by transforming it into a matrix equation. A least-squares solution via singular value decomposition is used to solve the matrix equation. Computations with both synthetic and experimental data, where the near field of several antenna configurations are measured over various geometrical surfaces, illustrate the accuracy of this method     

高反射率光学薄膜的一种新设计方法

设计极高反射率光学薄膜必须考虑薄膜内电场强度分布对光损耗的影响。本文提出一种新设计方法用于既改善膜层内电场分布以减少薄膜的光损耗,同时又兼顾薄膜的反射率要求。该方法用薄膜的特征和矩阵直接计算场强和反射率,建立综合评价函数来兼顾场强分布和光学反射率的要求,利用计算机进行优化设计。而且该方法能灵活有效地按任意场强和反射率要求优化设计各种膜系。     

On the electromagnetic field in a cavity fed by a tangentialelectric field in an aperture in its wall

Heretofore, the electromagnetic field produced by a specified tangential electric field in an aperture in the wall of an arbitrarily shaped cavity has most often been expanded in terms of cavity modes. An alternative approach, that of the electric field integral equation is presented. In this approach, the cavity field is expressed as the field of a surface density of tangential electric current, or a surface density of tangential magnetic current, or a combination of surface densities of tangential electric and magnetic currents on the boundary of the cavity. Each surface density is characterized by a single tangential vector function which is determined by the integral equation requiring that the part of the electric field tangent to the boundary of the cavity must reduce to the specified tangential electric field in the aperture and zero elsewhere on the boundary of the cavity. The electric field integral equation method is specialized to more easily determine the field inside an arbitrary cylindrical cavity excited by a tangential electric field in an aperture in its lateral wall. The method is further specialized to a circular cavity     

用 Matlab 实现恒定电场的可视化

用静电比拟方法将恒定电场问题转化为静电场问题后,可用Matlab求解并实现可视化。电力线图能反映场的宏观概况和细节分布,具有清晰的物理含义。Matlab绘制电力线图需要指定准确的起点,简单问题可通过分析对称性直接得到电力线的起点,对称性差的问题要根据电场公式迭代计算确定电力线起点。数字图像处理技术可用来增强恒定电场的图形效果。可视化教学能为抽象电磁理论带来直观性,从而提升教学效果。     

台阶量子阱的结构和电场对Rashba自旋分裂的影响

Spin splitting of conduction subbands in Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As step quantum wells induced by interface and electric field related Rashba effects is investigated theoretically by the method of finite difference.The dependence of the spin splitting on the electric field and the well structure,which is controlled by the well width and the step width,is investigated in detail.Without an external electric field,the spin splitting is induced by an interface related Rashba term due to the built-in structure inversion asymmetry.Applying the external electric field to the step QW,the Rashba effect can be enhanced or weakened,depending on the well structure as well as the direction and the magnitude of the electric field.The spin splitting is mainly controlled by the interface related Rashba term under a negative and a stronger positive electric field,and the contribution of the electric field related Rashba term dominates in a small range of a weaker positive electric field.A method to determine the interface parameter is proposed.The results show that the step QWs might be used as spin switches.     

Effect of a step quantum well structure and an electric-field on the Rashba spin splitting

Spin splitting of conduction subbands in Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs/Al0.3Gaa7As step quantum wells induced by interface and electric field related Rashba effects is investigated theoretically by the method of finite difference. The dependence of the spin splitting on the electric field and the well structure, which is controlled by the well width and the step width, is investigated in detail. Without an external electric field, the spin splitting is induced by an in terface related Rashba term due to the built-in structure inversion asymmetry. Applying the external electric field to the step QW, the Rashba effect can be enhanced or weakened, depending on the well structure as well as the direction and the magnitude of the electric field. The spin splitting is mainly controlled by the interface related Rashba term under a negative and a stronger positive electric field, and the contribution of the electric field related Rashba term dominates in a small range of a weaker positive electric field. A method to determine the interface parameter is proposed. The results show that the step QWs might be used as spin switches.     

基于拉氏方程的舰船静态电场深度换算

 从舰船静态电场的物理特性出发,对其在深海环境下的深度换算方法进行研究,提出基于拉氏方程的静态电场深度换算方法.利用该方法可实现静态电场的某分量向较大深度处自换算;由场垂直分量向较大深度的其他分量互换算以及由水下标量电位向较大深度的电场各分量的换算.以单个水平电偶极子的场为计算原型,以互换算为例对换算方法进行了仿真验证,通过对换算误差的分析,表明该换算方法是可行的.换算方法对实际舰船的静态电场的分布研究具有现实意义.     

A fictitious domain method for conformal modeling of the perfectelectric conductors in the FDTD method

We present a fictitious domain method to avoid the staircase approximation in the study of perfect electric conductors (PEC) in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The idea is to extend the electromagnetic field inside the PEC and to introduce a new unknown, the surface electric current density to ensure the vanishing of the tangential components of the electric field on the boundary of the PEC. This requires the use of two independent meshes: a regular three-dimensional (3-D) cubic lattice for the electromagnetic field and a triangular surface-patching for the surface electric current density. The intersection of these two meshes gives a simple coupling law between the electric field and the surface electric current density. An interesting property of this method is that it provides the surface electric current density at each time step. Furthermore, this method looks like FDTD with a special model for the PEC. Numerical results for several objects are presented     

静电场对强激光场中氢原子产生高次谐波的影响

利用分裂算符方法数值求解了真实氢原子在强激光场和静电场作用下的含时薛定谔方程,研究了静电场对强激光场中氢原子产生高次谐波的影响.研究表明,静电场加入后,奇次谐波的强度有所降低,并且谐波谱中出现偶次谐波和双平台结构.利用小波变换,观察了高次谐波在不同时刻的发射情况.借助于半经典理论,解释了在静电场作用下高次谐波发生变化的机制.     

方形半导体量子线中光吸收的横向斯塔克效应

The ground and few excited states of the electrons confined in a square GaAs quantum wire(QW) subjected to an external transverse electric field are investigated using the finite difference method within the effective-mass approximation. When the transverse electric field is applied along a side of the square quantum wire, the calculation of the eigenstates of the quantum wire has an exactly solvable problem whose solutions involve the linear combinations of two independent Airy functions. Compared with the exact analytical results using Airy functions, the results obtained by the use of the finite difference method in terms of the eigenstates of the particle in the QW are in excellent agreement. Subsequently, it is considered that the eigenstates of the particle depend on the orientations of the electric field with respect to the center axis of the QW. It is interesting that the peak value of the energy is found for the field directed along the diagonal in the QW, which can lead to a large energy shift. Meanwhile, dependence of the optical absorption phenomenon in the square QW on the optical field and applied electric field is investigated. It is shown that the optical absorption spectrum depends highly upon the polarization of the optical field and the applied electric field intensities and orientations.     

应用渐近波形估计技术快速计算宽带雷达散射截面

将渐近波形估计技术应用到矩量法中,计算了任意形状二维理想导体目标的宽带雷达散射截面.计算中使用矩量法和奇异值分解技术求解电场积分方程,得到一展开频率点的表面电流密度,通过Padé近似求出给定频带内任意频率点的表面电流密度分布,进而计算出散射场和雷达散射截面.奇异值分解技术的使用消除了电场积分方程的内谐振问题.对数值计算结果与矩量法逐点求解的结果进行了比较,两者吻合良好,且计算效率提高了约一个数量级.     

基于磁通元电场叠加法的涡旋电场计算

提出用磁通元电场叠加法求解涡旋电场,利用该方法推导出了空间旋转平面区域产生的涡旋电场的时域表达式,验证了磁通元电场叠加法求解涡旋电场的正确性。     

一种基于MEMS芯片的新型地面大气电场传感器

该文基于MEMS电场敏感芯片,研制出了一种新型的地面大气电场传感器,解决了现有场磨式电场仪易磨损、功耗大、故障率高等问题。敏感芯片采用SOIMUMPS加工工艺制备,其芯片面积仅为5.5 mm5.5 mm。该文提出了传感器敏感芯片的弱信号检测方法,设计出了满足环境适应性的传感器整体结构方案,并建立了传感器的灵敏度分析模型。对电场传感器进行测试,测量范围为-50 kV/m~50 kV/m,总不确定度为0.67%,分辨力达到10 V/m,功耗仅为0.62 W。外场试验结果表明,MEMS地面大气电场传感器在晴天和雷暴天的电场探测结果,与Campbell公司场磨式电场仪探测结果都有较好的一致性,说明该传感器能满足预测雷暴要求,实现雷电监测和预警功能。     

基于Matlab的电场有限元数值计算分析

有限元法是对电磁场进行数值求解的重要方法,也是本科电磁场课程的教学内容之一.论文结合本科教材阐述了对电场进行有限元计算时的数学模型和算法原理,介绍了Matlab软件基本的矩阵处理编程方式和电场场域有限元分析的算法框图.进而联系教材中一个电器的电场电位分布计算实例,在Matlab环境下进行有限元计算编程的实现.数值解与解析解的比较结果表明Matlab应用在对电磁场进行有限元计算所具备的合理性与简易性.本文对本科教学中帮助学生理解电磁场的数值计算及其编程实现有一定的参考意义.     

Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography for monitoring electric field distribution during tissue electroporation

Electroporation is a phenomenon caused by externally applied electric field of an adequate strength and duration to cells that results in the increase of cell membrane permeability to various molecules, which otherwise are deprived of transport mechanism. As accurate coverage of the tissue with a sufficiently large electric field presents one of the most important conditions for successful electroporation, applications based on electroporation would greatly benefit with a method of monitoring the electric field, especially if it could be done during the treatment. As the membrane electroporation is a consequence of an induced transmembrane potential which is directly proportional to the local electric field, we propose current density imaging (CDI) and magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) techniques to measure the electric field distribution during electroporation. The experimental part of the study employs CDI with short high-voltage pulses, while the theoretical part of the study is based on numerical simulations of MREIT. A good agreement between experimental and numerical results was obtained, suggesting that CDI and MREIT can be used to determine the electric field during electric pulse delivery and that both of the methods can be of significant help in planning and monitoring of future electroporation based clinical applications.     

Transient Analysis of a Stripline Having a Corner in Three-Dimensional Space

The transient analysis of electromagnetic fields has shown its utility not only in clarifying the variation of the fields in time but also in gaining information on mechanisms by which the distributions of an electromagnetic field at the stationary state are bronght about. We have recently proposed a new numerical method for the transient analysis in three-dimensioual space by formulating the equivalent circuit based on Maxwell's equation by Bergeron's method. The resultant nodal equatiou is uniquely formulated in the equivalent circuit for both the electric field and the magnetic field. In this paper, we deal with the stripline which should be analyzed essentially in three-dimensionaf space because of its structure, The time variation of the electric and magnetic field of the stripline having a comer is analyzed and the remarkable changing of distribution of the field is presented as a parameter of time and of conditions imposed by the corner stucture.     

多层电厚微带天线的阻抗特性

本文提出了一种多层介质电厚微带天线的一种分析方法。从无界空间中的电并矢格林函数出发,导出了分层介质中任意一点具有任意取向的水平电偶极子场的表达式。以此为基础,利用Richmond反作用积分方程,建立了关于贴片上电流分布的积分方程。通过适当选取电流基函数,使本方法适用于电厚介质微带天线。应用Galerkin方法建立矩阵方程。借助于计算机求解该矩阵方程,可得到天线的各项特性。文中用实例进行了验证。     

基于电流线等效的潜艇磁场估算与仿真

根据潜艇水下腐蚀相关电磁信号的产生机理,该文提出可采用由电偶极子首尾相接而成的电流线对其进行模拟。分别采用边界元建模及电流线建模方法对潜艇模型的水下静态电场进行计算,对比分析结果表明,将电流线作为对潜艇水下腐蚀相关静态电磁信号进行估算的数学模型是可行的。在此基础上,结合分层导电媒质中水平直流电偶极子的磁场表达式,对潜艇腐蚀相关静态磁场在全空间中的分布特征进行了仿真分析。结果表明,空气中潜艇腐蚀相关静态磁场近场量值可测,分布特征明显,可用于航空探潜;海水中潜艇腐蚀相关静态磁场远场按距离的平方反比衰减,可用于消磁潜艇的远程探测。分析所得典型结论为进一步的应用研究奠定了基础。     

AC—PDP显示单元中粒子传输运动的稳定差分求解

给出了用差分法求解ＰＤＰ放电单元粒子流连续方程的计算公式，通过对单基板ＡＣ－ＰＤＰ放电单元电场分布的求解，分析了电场突变区域计算公式不稳定的原因。针对四种电场突变区域的分布情况，提出了对应的稳定计算公式。