Nonisothermal flow of polymer melts and solutions in spinneret channels

Conclusions The effect of dissipation of mechanical energy on the temperature fields of polymer melts and solutions in the channels of spinnerets for fibre spinning has been investigated.It has been shown that the flow of polymer melts in spinneret channels takes place with only slight heat evolution, that is, practically under isothermal conditions. The flow of polymer solutions takes place significantly under nonisothermal conditions, with a large drop in temperature over the channel radius.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 42–44, July–August, 1986.     

Effect of finishing on chemical and structural changes in viscose fibres

Conclusions -- Comparative studies have been carried out of the change in properties of ordinary viscose fibre and high-modulus viscose fibre during the finishing process.-- It has been shown that oxidative degradation and hydrolysis take place more intensively during final regeneration and alkali desulfuration and to a larger degree this is characteristic of ordinary viscose fibre; thereupon, additional crystallization of the cellulose takes place.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 40–42, September–October, 1991.     

Optimization of the spinning solution preparation process in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride fibre

Conclusions The effect of spinning solution preparation parameters on the fibre preparation process and on the properties of polyvinyl chloride fibre have been studied using the experiment planning method.It has been found that the concentration and holding time of the spinning solution exert the greatest effect on the process of washing the fibre free of dimethylformamide.An optimization of the parameters of preparing a solution for polyvinyl chloride fibre production under manufacturing conditions has been carried out.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 24–25, January–February, 1988.     

Chemical changes in polyvinyl fluoride during the process of fibre-spinning

Conclusions The change in some properties of polyvinyl fluoride during the process of fibre spinning has been investigated.It has been found that during the process of converting PVF powder into fibre, the degree of polymer crystallinity plus its resistance to thermal and thermooxidative degradation is increased; depending on the spinning regime, the densities and physicomechanical properties of PVF fibres are different.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 34–35, July–August, 1984.     

Sorptive properties of cellulose fibres modified by grafting on poly-2-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole

Conclusions The sorption properties of graft copolymers of cellulose and poly-2-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole (poly-2-MVT) prepared by grafting onto hydrocellulose fibre or natural cellulose have been investigated.It has been shown that the change in structure of hydrocellulose fibre during the process of graft polymerization has a stepwise character: the process which takes place in the initial stage in low-order sections leads to a loosening of the more ordered sections, in which grafting is then effected.In the process of graft polymerization of 2-MVT onto natural cellulose, loosening of the cellulose structure, in distinction from hydrocellulose fibre, takes place only in the case of grafting a considerable amount of poly-2-MVT.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 21–23, May–June, 1988.     

Optimization of the preparation of VION chemisorptive fibre containing carboxyl groups

Conclusions The sorptive properties of VION fibre with carboxyl groups have been studied. It has been shown that at an SEC over 3.5 meq/g no corresponding increase in degree of absorption of ammonia by the fibrous sorbent takes place.Optimization of the conditions for preparing the weak acid VION fibre at an assigned SEC selected from the results of sorption measurements has been carried out.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 7–8, March–April, 1989.     

Cross-linking of acetate fibres with blocked diisocyanate

Conclusions We have thus demonstrated that acetate fibres may be chemically modified by incorporating the adduct of tolylene diisocyanate, ethylene glycol and phenol in the spinning solution, with subsequent heat treatment of the spun fibre. The chemical modification takes place chiefly by reaction of the isocyanate groups with hydroxyls on the cellulose acetate. It has been established that fibres produced in this way have improved wet properties, a lower crease tendency and increased stability to light, heat and chemical agents.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute for Synthetic Fibres (VNIIV). Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 61–64, July–August, 1969.     

Structure of a biocatalyst fibre containing modified β-galactosidase

Conclusions A connection between the composition of the spinning solution intended for preparation of a biocatalyst fibre, the conditions of fibre spinning, and the porosity characteristics of the fibre structure has been established.The possibility of purposefully regulating the catalytic properties of a biocatalyst fibre by varying the fibre structure has been demonstrated.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 21–23, January–February, 1989.     

Heat- and mass-exchange in spinning acetate fibres

Conclusions The process of heat- and mass-transfer have been examined in the spinning of acetate fibre. A calculation of the heat- and mass-transfer coefficients and of the diffusion coefficient has been carried out.It has been found that the fibre being spun passes through four zones in the spinning tower. Zones I and II are characterized by a high rate of mass-transfer; in these zones, 70–75% of the acetone is evaporated from the fibre. In zones III and IV, the heat-exchange process is intensified; here the heat-transfer coefficient is 1.7 to 2.0 times less than in zones I and II.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 23–25, November–December, 1985.     

Spinning of a chemisorptive sulfonic acid fibre

Conclusions Special features of spinning a fibre by the wet method from a copolymer based on acrylonitrile and sodium methallylsulfonate which are connected with dissociation and solvation of the sulfonate groups have been examined.It has been found that, to obtain a fibre with satisfactory physico-mechanical properties which assure processing into textile articles from a sulfonate-containing copolymer, it is necessary to carry out the spinning either into nonaqueous baths or into aqueous baths which contain lyophilic salts.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 10–12, May–June, 1988.     

A spectroscopic study of polyamide fibres structurised with formaldehyde

Conclusions 1. A spectral study of the cross-linking of highly oridented Capron fibre with gaseous formaldehyde has been carried out.2. The formation of transverse chemical bonds in the form of methylene bridges has been shown.3. It has been established that the cross-linking process takes place at the unordered regions.All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Synthetic Fibres (VNIIV). Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 25–27, March–April, 1969.     

The effect of different production methods on principal physical and mechanical properties of viscose textile fibre

Conclusions 1. The physical and mechanical properties of viscose textile fibres produced by three different methods, viz., centrifugal, semi-continuous and continuous spinning, have been investigated.2. The effect of regeneration of the fibre upon its physical and mechanical properties has been denoted under these different methods of preparation of the fibre.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute for Man-Made Fibre (VNIIV). Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No.6, pp. 40–42, November-December, 1969.     

The role of fibre diameter in preparing a heat-bonding fibrous material

Conclusions The connection of the basic technological parameters of the spinning process with structural parameters has been established for heat-bonded fibrous materials.It has been shown that the decisive structural parameter which affects the service characteristics of heat-bonded fibrous materials to the greatest extent is the fibre diameter.An equation has been found which reflects the dependence of fibre diameter on technological spinning parameters, and which makes it possible to predict the operational properties of heat-bonded materials.VNIISV, Tver'. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 37–39, March–April, 1992.     

Texturizing synthetic fibres with a stream of hot gas

Conclusions The features of the pneumotexturizing process for synthetic yarns have been examined in comparison with mechanical crimping. A mechanism has been suggested for crimp formation on elementary filaments in pneumotexturizing.Experimental dependences of the properties of the yarns obtained on the temperature of the working air stream have been given.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 18–19, January–February, 1984.     

Preparation of ftorlon fibre filled with manganese dioxide

Conclusions The possibility of obtaining catalytic fibres by introducing the catalyst as a filler into the structure of Ftorlon fibre has been established.Sorptive properties of Ftorlon fibre spun in the absence of filler as a function of the amount of polyethylene glycol added to a spinning solution of the fibre-forming polymer and of the spinning conditions have been investigated, as well as the morphology of the surface of the modified Ftorlon fibre.It has been discovered that, by choosing the composition of the spinning solution and the conditions of spinning Ftorlon fibre filled with manganese dioxide, it is possible to obtain a fibre having a porous structure which ensures accessibility of the filler to reagents.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 31–33, March–April, 1988.     

Photoinitiated graft polymerization of acrylamide to polyethylene terephthalate and properties of the modified fibres

Conclusions A study of the process of photoinitiated grafting of acrylamide to fibres of polyethylene terephthalate in the presence of benzophenone introduced into the fibre by preliminary treatment in a mixture of organic solvents indicates the possibility of carrying out a graft polymerization reaction without significant homopolymer formation.The modified fibre is characterized by an increased hydrophilicity and dyeability with cationic dyes, and by a good antistatic response. No impairment in breaking characteristics of the fibre or in its thermal properties takes place as a result of the grafting.Yugoslavia. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 49–51, July–August, 1985.     

Effect of orientation stretch and of jet stretch on properties of viscose fibre spun into a bicomponent precipitation bath

Conclusions The effect of orientation stretch and of jet stretch on the technological process of preparing viscose fibre from viscoses containing added urea has been studied in spinning into a bicomponent precipitation bath containing sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate.It has been shown that increasing the air stretch to 30–40% while reducing the sulfuric acid content of the precipitation bath to 80–100 g/liter and reducing the jet stretch 8 to 20% helps to improve the properties of viscose fibre.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 47–48, July–August, 1989.     

Effect of the flow conditions of the spinning solution through the spinneret on the spinning of nitron fibre

Conclusions At various flow rates of spinning solution, breakage of the freshly spun yarn in the precipitation bath takes place at the very same value of true jet stretch, which does not depend on the diameter of the spinneret holes.The rate of take-up of the spun yarn from the precipitation bath or from the steam chamber exerts an effect on the uniformity of the fibre obtained.The limiting rates of yarn take-up from the precipitation bath and from the steam chamber have been found from carrying out a process of defect-free spinning of Nitron fibre.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 24–26, May–June, 1983.     

Effect of aerodynamic spinning parameters and polymer properties on fibre diameter

Conclusions On the basis of theoretical calculations by a mathematical model of the process of aerodynamic spinning of polymer melts, whose adequacy has been established from experimental data, the sensitivity of final fibre diameters to change in technological spinning parameters and on the thermophysical and rheological properties of the polymer has been determined.It has been shown that among the factors which most significantly affect the final fibre diameter are the velocity of air movement in the ejector, the polymer flow rate, the temperature of the melt, the density of the melt, the viscosity anomaly, and the activation energy of viscous flow.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 37–39, September–October, 1988.     

The problem of refining cellulose triacetate solutions with fibrous ion-exchange resins

Conclusions The process of cleaning up cellulose acetate spinning solutions and model solutions from traces of acid dyes with polyacrylonitrile fibre anion-exchangers has been investigated. Optimum conditions for carrying out the clean-up have been determined.It is recommended to use ion-exchange resin type PAN(2)cp-PEA, prepared using a polyamine preparation, to clean up the spinning solution.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 16–17, September–October, 1985.