膨化豆渣对面团特性及面包品质影响研究

研究分析了膨化豆渣不同添加量对面团特性、面包烘焙特性及面包货架期的影响。结果表明:豆渣经挤压膨化后,脂肪、淀粉含量略有下降,不溶性膳食纤维含量明显下降,可溶性膳食纤维含量显著提高,蛋白质含量几乎没有发生变化,可溶性成分增多,豆渣的营养组分发生变化;添加适量的膨化豆渣,可改善面团特性、面包的焙烤品质,增加面包的体积,提高面包的含水量,减少面包的硬度,延长面包的货架期;在本试验条件下膨化豆渣的添加量不宜超过12%。     

不同乳酸菌发酵酸面团对面包品质及风味的影响

以酸面团典型菌株植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum,Lp)、类食品乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paralimentarius,Lpa)和发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum,Lf)为发酵菌,探讨自然发酵酸面团(对照),3种单一乳酸菌和4种复合乳酸菌Lpa+Lp (1...     

豆渣对面团特性及馒头品质的影响

利用粉质仪、拉伸仪、快速黏度仪、物性测试仪研究了豆渣对面团特性及馒头品质的影响。结果表明,随着豆渣添加量的增加,面团吸水率和粉质指数增大、形成时间和稳定时间延长、弱化度减小;面团的最低黏度、衰减值、最终黏度、回生值和峰值时间不断减少,糊化温度先升后降,峰值黏度先降后升,在7.5%出现峰值。随着发酵程度的增大,各面团中淀粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度、回升值、糊化温度都增大,衰减值减小。添加7.5%豆渣可使相同发酵程度下淀粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、衰减值、最终黏度、回生值、糊化温度都有所降低。添加豆渣后,馒头比容变小,含水量呈增大趋势;馒头硬度、感官评分随着豆渣添加量的增加先降低后增加,在添加量为7.5%时出现峰值。添加豆渣可延长馒头货架期。     

乳酸菌发酵酸面团对青麦仁面包品质的影响

为研究乳酸菌发酵酸面团对青麦仁面包品质的影响,利用植物乳杆菌发酵制作酸面团,添加到青麦仁面包中,并测定小麦面包、青麦仁面包、青麦仁酸面团面包3种样品的质构、感官评价、慢消化性淀粉含量（SDS）、挥发性风味物质等。结果表明：添加酸面团能显著降低样品的硬度、咀嚼性,增大弹性（P<0.05）;添加酸面团的样品其感官评分接近于小麦面包,与小麦面包不存在显著性差异（P>0.05）;在贮藏过程中,青麦仁酸面团面包的慢消化性淀粉含量低于其他样品,说明酸面团的添加能有效延缓面包的老化;小麦面包、青麦仁面包、青麦仁酸面团面包3种样品中分别检测出32种、42种、46种风味物质,有15种物质共同存在于3种面包中,表明酸面团的添加增加了面包挥发性风味物质种类,改善了面包的口味;综合研究结果表明酸面团的添加能有效改善青麦仁面包的品质。     

羧甲基纤维素钠对面团特性及面包品质的影响

研究了添加羧甲基纤维素钠对面团特性、面包烘焙特性及面包货架期的影响.结果表明,添加CMC-Na能使面团的吸水率增加,面团的形成时间、稳定时间、断裂时间缩短,评价值降低,面团的拉伸能量、拉伸阻力、拉伸长度也降低;添加适量的CMC-Na可改善面包的焙烤特性,增加面包的体积,提高面包的含水量,改善面包的纹理结构,质地和口味等,延长面包的货架期;在本实验条件下,CMC-Na的添加量不宜超过6‰.     

菊粉添加量对面团流变学特性和面包品质的影响

采用粉质仪、拉伸仪、质构分析仪(TA)研究不同添加量菊粉(2%~10%)对面粉粉质特性、拉伸特性和面包焙烤品质的影响。实验结果表明,随着菊粉的添加,面团的吸水率几乎不变,形成时间和稳定时间延长,弱化度降低,评价值增加;面团延伸度指标呈现一定的增大趋势,但拉伸曲线面积、拉伸阻力、最大拉伸阻力和拉伸比呈现先增加后减少的趋势。面包的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和回复性因添加菊粉而下降。综合感官评定可知,当菊粉添加量为6%时,面包综合品质达到最佳状态。      

糖醇对面团特性及面包品质的影响研究进展

主要综述了在面团中加入糖醇,对于面团特性、面包品质的影响,旨在为推广糖醇在面包中的应用提供理论和实践依据。     

食品添加剂对冷冻面团面包品质的影响

采用快速发酵法制作冷冻面团面包,研究了酵母、海藻糖、抗冻改良剂(F-99)和硬脂酰乳酸钠(SSL)等添加剂对冷冻面团面包质构和感官品质的影响,通过单因素和正交试验,优化确定了不同添加剂的最佳添加量。结果表明:添加适量的酵母、海藻糖、F-99和SSL等添加剂能提高面包弹性、降低硬度等,4种添加剂添加量对冷冻面团面包品质影响顺序为:海藻糖SSL酵母F-99。最佳添加剂配方为:酵母1.8%,海藻糖5%,F-99 6%,SSL 0.4%,制作的冷冻面团面包水分含量42%、比容5.1m L/g、酸度4.4o T、硬度3.13N、弹性11.93mm、胶黏性2.5N、咀嚼性29.88m J,面包质量符合国家规定标准,硬度、弹性等指标明显优于对照制品。     

氧化魔芋葡甘聚糖对面团特性及面包品质的影响

采用微波协同臭氧氧化法制得了不同取代度的氧化魔芋葡甘聚糖(oxidized konjac glucomannan, OKGM),将其添加至小麦粉中制备面团和面包,以研究不同取代度OKGM(OKGM-20,40,100)对面团粉质、拉伸、动态流变学特性以及面包品质的影响。结果表明,OKGM能在一定程度上改善小麦粉的粉质和拉伸特性。与空白组相比,OKGM显著提高了面粉的吸水率并降低了回生值;添加OKGM-40的面团弱化度最低,OKGM-40有效增大了面团的拉伸能量、拉伸阻力和延伸度。动态流变学特性结果显示,添加OKGM可增大面团的储能模量G′和耗能模量G″,OKGM取代度越小,面团的G′和G″越大。OKGM-40组面团发酵体积最大。从面包品质结果来看,OKGM-40改善面包比容的效果最佳,由空白组的4.05 mL/g增大到4.68 mL/g; OKGM显著延长了面包的保质期;OKGM-40、OKGM-100明显增强了贮藏期间面包的保水性;OKGM-20能有效延缓面包的老化。以上结果表明,OKGM能够较好地改善面团特性和面包品质,以OKGM-40综合效果最佳。     

海藻酸钠对面团特性及面包品质的影响

考察了海藻酸钠添加量对混合粉粉质特性、拉伸特性、糊化特性,以及对面包比容、含水量、硬度、弹性、感官品质的影响。结果表明,添加海藻酸钠可有效改善小麦粉面团的粉质特性、拉伸特性及糊化特性,提高面包的含水量,适量添加可有效提高面包比容、面包弹性及面包感官品质,降低面包硬度。综合分析添加海藻酸钠对混合粉粉质、拉伸和糊化特性以及对面包焙烤品质的影响,确定海藻酸钠最佳添加量为0.6%,为其在焙烤食品中的应用提供了理论依据。     

Physicochemical Characterization and Sensory Analysis of Yeast‐leavened and Sourdough Soy Breads

Sourdough fermentation has been shown to have numerous beneficial effects on bread quality, and nutritionally enhance soy‐supplemented bread by altering isoflavone chemical forms. Given this, the objective of this study was to compare the loaf quality and shelf life of sourdough and yeast‐leavened soy breads by various physical, thermal, and sensorial methods, and to assess the effects of fermentation by various microorganisms on isoflavone profile in dough and breads using high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis. Sourdough fermentation yielded a less extensible dough compared to yeast‐leavened soy dough (P < 0.001), and resulted in a harder bread crumb (P < 0.05) and lighter crust color (P < 0.001), compared to yeast‐leavened soy bread (Y‐B). Sensory analysis revealed a significantly higher overall liking of Y‐B compared to sourdough soy bread (SD‐B) (P < 0.001). Segmentation analysis of the cohort suggests that overall liking and bread consumption frequency may be determinants of Y‐B or SD‐B preference. SD‐B and Y‐B exhibited similar shelf‐life properties. Despite significantly different enthalpies associated with the melting of amylose‐lipid complexes, thermal analysis of the 2 soy breads stored for 10 d (ambient conditions) demonstrated no significant difference in water distribution and starch retrogradation (P < 0.05). Lastly, SD‐B was determined to have 32% of total isoflavones occurring in the aglycone form compared to 17% in Y‐B. These findings warrant further investigation of sourdough fermentation as a processing technique for quality and nutritional enhancement of soy‐based baked goods.     

米酒老面发酵工艺对馒头品质的影响

为探究发酵时间、发酵温度、米酒添加量对米酒老面和米酒老面馒头品质的影响,通过3,5-二硝基水杨酸分光光度法、面筋指数测定仪、pH计、小米容积置换法、白度仪、硬度仪和感官评分等方法,以米酒老面的pH值、还原糖含量、湿面筋含量和面筋指数以及米酒老面馒头比容、白度、硬度和感官为评价指标.结果表明:随着米酒老面发酵时间的延长,...     

Sensory Analysis of Whole Wheat/Soy Flour Breads

ABSTRACT: Breads containing 0% to 40% defatted soy flour, 35% to 100% whole wheat flour, and 0% to 35% white bread flour were prepared. Beany or bitter flavor ratings for the yeast-leavened breads containing up to 30% soy flour were not significantly different from the control whole wheat bread. A high-quality yeast was the most important factor in reducing the beany taste of the bread. Addition of ascorbic acid significantly increased yeasty flavor, and there was a strong inverse correlation between beany and sweet flavors. These studies suggest that an appealing, nutritious bread containing up to 30% to 40% soy flour can be prepared in an easy and economical manner using equipment available in home or institutional kitchens.     

Development of Co-Culture Sourdough Systems for Improving Bread Quality and Delaying Staling

Six different blends of lactic acid bacterial cultures (Lactobacillus plantarum or Pediococcus cerevisiae) combined with Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used as co-culture for preparing sourdoughs. These prefermented sourdoughs were applied for producing pan breads. Acidification power, leavening ability, and microbial counts were conducted at different sour fermentation intervals. The highest acidification power in sourdoughs were recorded when 2% w_d/w_d (dry weight of cells/dry weight of flour) of either L. plantarum or P. cerevisiae was used in combination with 2% w_d/w_d S. cerevisiae. The leavening ability of sourdoughs was significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced by increasing the addition percentage of the studied LAB. According to staling rate, physical, and sensory characteristics, the best two treatments were obtained when the co-culture of 2% w_d/w_d S. cerevisiae with 4% w_d/w_d L. plantarum or 4% w_d/w_d P. cerevisiae were used. These two treatments were successfully applied in production of the flat bread. According to staling rate, physical and sensory characteristics, sourdough prefermented with 2% w_d/w_d S. cerevisiae combined with 4% w_d/w_d L. plantarum was the best treatment for preparing of flat bread. Overall the co-culture of L. plantarum and with S. cerevisiae might be a useful tool for preparing sourdough starter that was most effective for improving sensory and physical properties of both pan and flat bread. In addition it can help extend the shelf life by delaying bread staling and inhibiting mold spoilage.     

米酒老面添加量对面团及馒头品质的影响

本文研究了米酒老面添加量(40%、50%、60%、70%和80%)对面团的pH、湿面筋含量、面筋指数及馒头的比容、硬度、白度、感官评分的影响。结果表明:随着米酒老面添加量的增加,面团pH呈现下降的趋势。米酒老面添加量为60%的面团中湿面筋含量显著低于其他四种添加量(P<0.05),馒头的比容、硬度、白度和感官评分显著高于其他四种添加量(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,面团pH与馒头的感官评分呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);面团湿面筋含量与馒头比容呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与馒头硬度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与馒头白度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。面团面筋指数与馒头比容呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与馒头硬度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与馒头白度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。米酒老面的添加会改变面团和馒头的品质,其最适添加量为60%。     

Characterization of the Bread Made with Durum Wheat Semolina Rendered Gluten Free by Sourdough Biotechnology in Comparison with Commercial Gluten‐Free Products

Durum wheat semolina was fermented with sourdough lactic acid bacteria and fungal proteases aiming at a complete gluten hydrolysis. The gluten‐free (GF) semolina, added with naturally GF ingredients and structuring agents, was used to produce bread (rendered GF bread; rGFB) at industrial level. An integrated approach including the characterization of the main chemical, nutritional, structural, and sensory features was used to compare rGFB to a gluten‐containing bread and to 5 commercial naturally GF breads. High‐performance liquid chromatography was used for free amino acids (FAAs), organic acids, and ethanol analysis. A methanolic extract was used for determining total phenols and antioxidant activity. The bread characterization also included the analysis of dietary fibers, mycotoxins, vitamins, and heavy metals. Beyond chemical analysis, nutritional profile was evaluated considering the in vitro protein digestibility and the predicted glycemic index, while the instrumental texture profile analysis was performed to investigate the structure and the physical/mechanical properties of the baked goods. Beyond the huge potential of market expansion, the main advantages of durum wheat semolina rendered GF can be resumed in the high availability of FAAs, the high protein digestibility, the low starch hydrolysis index, and the better technological properties of bread compared to the commercial GF products currently present on the market. Vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber profiles are comparable to those of gluten‐containing wheat bread. Also the sensory profile, determined by a panel test, can be considered the most similar to those of conventional baked goods, showing all the sourdough bread classic attributes.     

Sourdough Lactic Acid Bacteria Effects on Bread Firmness and Stalin

Lactobacillus sanfrancisco CB1 and Lactobacillus plantarum DC400 were the most proteolytic and amylolytic strains studied. Breads started with LAB and yeasts had higher volumes than the baker's yeast-started bread. One bread with the highest initial firmness (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 141- L . plantarum DC400 starter) had the lowest final firmness. Breads produced with LAB showed the lowest enthalpy throughout 144 h. After 24 h storage the associations of S. cerevisiae 141 and L. sanfrancisco CB1 or L. plantarum DC400 gave a very low percentage increase of enthalpy compared to that from yeast alone. The enthalpy increased markedly when other LAB, neither proteolytic nor amylolytic, were used.