脂肪酶对面包粉品质的影响研究

通过流变学试验、面包烘焙试验，探讨了国产脂肪酶对面包粉品质的影响。试验表明，与对照组相比较，在添加脂肪酶后，面团的流变学性质、面包品质都得到一定改善。由烘焙试验结果可知，脂肪酶对面包制品的内部组织结构，面包芯柔软度等指标都有较好的改良作用。本试验条件下，添加脂肪酶20ppm为最适添加量。     

乳酸菌发酵剂对直接发酵法生产面包品质的影响

在直接发酵法生产面包中应用乳酸菌发酵剂,测定发酵面团的pH、滴定酸和氨基酸态氮含量,探讨发酵过程中乳酸菌和酵母菌的相互作用及其对面团发酵的影响.此外,还对乳酸菌发酵剂添加量对面包比容、硬度、弹性、咀嚼性及感官的影响进行测定和研究,发现乳酸菌发酵剂添加量为10％～30％时有利于改善面包品质,添加量为20％时效果最佳.     

乳酸菌发酵对面包品质的影响

本论文将按两种比例混合的混合乳酸菌发酵剂按22.3%和44.6%添加到面包制作中,测定发酵面团及面包比容、面包感官、面包质构(如硬度、弹性、咀嚼性等).实验结果表明,添加22.3%的发酵剂有助于面团发酵,增加发酵面团比容,添加量达44.6%的发酵剂却会降低面团的比容;烘烤后,乳酸菌发酵的面包比容小于未添加乳酸菌制作的对...     

糖醇对面团特性及面包品质的影响研究进展

主要综述了在面团中加入糖醇，对于面团特性、面包品质的影响，旨在为推广糖醇在面包中的应用提供理论和实践依据。     

木糖醇对面团特性及面包品质影响的研究

本试验就木糖醇对面团特性及面包品质影响进行了研究.结果表明,木糖醇可降低面团的吸水率,延长面团的形成时间、稳定时间;适量添加可增加面团的拉伸能量、延伸度和拉伸阻力;添加木糖醇可显著减少小麦粉的峰值黏度、最低黏度、衰减值、最终黏度、回生值和峰值时间,有效降低淀粉老化速度;添加适量木糖醇可有效保持面包体积,降低面包的硬度,增加面包的含水量,改善面包的焙烤特性,延长其货架期.综合分析,在本试验条件下,木糖醇的添加量不宜超过16％.     

添加剂对冷冻面团面包的影响

研究了各种添加剂在冷冻面团面包中的作用。起酥油和蛋黄有同时改善冷冻面团面包比容和风味的作用,在面团形成后再加入起酥油有利于面团的持气力,市售添加剂以法国添加剂为佳,适量添加α－淀粉酶和增稠剂可改善面包品质。冷冻面团面包可采用３％起酥油,５％蛋黄,０．５％法国添加剂。     

羧甲基纤维素钠对面团特性及面包品质的影响

研究了添加羧甲基纤维素钠对面团特性、面包烘焙特性及面包货架期的影响.结果表明,添加CMC-Na能使面团的吸水率增加,面团的形成时间、稳定时间、断裂时间缩短,评价值降低,面团的拉伸能量、拉伸阻力、拉伸长度也降低;添加适量的CMC-Na可改善面包的焙烤特性,增加面包的体积,提高面包的含水量,改善面包的纹理结构,质地和口味等,延长面包的货架期;在本实验条件下,CMC-Na的添加量不宜超过6‰.     

油炸面包的研制

论述了油炸面包的生产工艺及技术要点。油炸面包面团的水分含量和醒发不同于焙烤面包,通过一系列实验,确定了油炸面包面团最适用水量为３５％ ～４０％ ,面包坯的醒发时间为 ２０～２５ｍ ｉｎ,最佳油炸温度为１８０℃。     

菊糖对面团流变学特性及面包品质的影响

添加不同比例的菊糖于面包粉中,对面包面团特性及面包品质变化进行研究。结果表明,添加菊糖能够明显影响面包粉的粉质和拉伸等流变特性。随着菊糖添加量的增加,面团吸水率显著下降,面团形成时间和面团稳定时间延长,弱化度减小;添加菊糖可增加面团的延伸度、拉伸面积和拉伸阻力;面粉的峰值黏度、最终黏度、衰减值和回生值也显著降低,其淀粉老化速度得到延缓;弹性模量和黏性模量显著增加,面团的网络结构得到改善;但面团发酵体积显著减小,使得面包的比容减少,面包初始硬度显著性增加,在面包贮藏过程中,添加2.5%、5%、7.5%的菊糖面包硬度明显低于未添加菊糖的面包硬度,说明适宜添加量的菊糖能够改善面包内部结构,降低其贮藏过程中的硬度和老化速率,延长面包货架期。     

变性淀粉对面团流变学特性和面包品质的影响

探讨不同添加量的马铃薯变性淀粉和木薯变性淀粉对面团流变学特性和面包品质的影响。结果表明:两种变性淀粉均可改善面团的流变学特性,增大面团的韧性、减小面团的延伸性,改善面团的筋力;与对照相比,马铃薯变性淀粉能有效改善面包的焙烤品质,明显增加面包的比容,有效改善面包的硬度和弹性,木薯变性淀粉对面包品质的影响不明显;马铃薯变性淀粉的最适添加量为0.8%～1.2%面粉。     

Physicochemical Characterization and Sensory Analysis of Yeast‐leavened and Sourdough Soy Breads

Sourdough fermentation has been shown to have numerous beneficial effects on bread quality, and nutritionally enhance soy‐supplemented bread by altering isoflavone chemical forms. Given this, the objective of this study was to compare the loaf quality and shelf life of sourdough and yeast‐leavened soy breads by various physical, thermal, and sensorial methods, and to assess the effects of fermentation by various microorganisms on isoflavone profile in dough and breads using high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis. Sourdough fermentation yielded a less extensible dough compared to yeast‐leavened soy dough (P < 0.001), and resulted in a harder bread crumb (P < 0.05) and lighter crust color (P < 0.001), compared to yeast‐leavened soy bread (Y‐B). Sensory analysis revealed a significantly higher overall liking of Y‐B compared to sourdough soy bread (SD‐B) (P < 0.001). Segmentation analysis of the cohort suggests that overall liking and bread consumption frequency may be determinants of Y‐B or SD‐B preference. SD‐B and Y‐B exhibited similar shelf‐life properties. Despite significantly different enthalpies associated with the melting of amylose‐lipid complexes, thermal analysis of the 2 soy breads stored for 10 d (ambient conditions) demonstrated no significant difference in water distribution and starch retrogradation (P < 0.05). Lastly, SD‐B was determined to have 32% of total isoflavones occurring in the aglycone form compared to 17% in Y‐B. These findings warrant further investigation of sourdough fermentation as a processing technique for quality and nutritional enhancement of soy‐based baked goods.     

不同发酵基质的酸面团对酵母面团体系面包烘焙及老化特性的影响

应用分离自我国传统酸面团的区域特色乳酸菌--旧金山乳杆菌分别发酵小麦粉和小麦麸皮基质制成（小麦/麦麸）酸面团,研究了两种不同发酵基质的酸面团及其添加量对酵母面团体系面包烘焙及老化特性的影响。结果表明：与小麦粉制作的空白组面包相比,小麦酸面团可以明显改善面包的比容和感官品质;添加未发酵麦麸制作的非酸面团麦麸面包品质低于空白组,但引入麦麸酸面团（10%、20%、30%）后面包比容和感官评定得分均高于相对应的非酸面团麦麸面包。小麦酸面团和麦麸酸面团以及小麦麸皮均可以改善面包的老化特性,在相同贮藏期内,酸面团面包和麦麸面包的硬度增加量、水分迁移量和老化焓值都低于空白组,并且添加麦麸酸面团的面包其硬度和老化焓值都低于相对应的非酸面团麦麸面包。     

米酒老面添加量对面团及馒头品质的影响

本文研究了米酒老面添加量(40%、50%、60%、70%和80%)对面团的pH、湿面筋含量、面筋指数及馒头的比容、硬度、白度、感官评分的影响。结果表明:随着米酒老面添加量的增加,面团pH呈现下降的趋势。米酒老面添加量为60%的面团中湿面筋含量显著低于其他四种添加量(P<0.05),馒头的比容、硬度、白度和感官评分显著高于其他四种添加量(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,面团pH与馒头的感官评分呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);面团湿面筋含量与馒头比容呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与馒头硬度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与馒头白度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。面团面筋指数与馒头比容呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与馒头硬度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与馒头白度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。米酒老面的添加会改变面团和馒头的品质,其最适添加量为60%。     

Quality attributes and firming kinetics of partially baked frozen wholewheat bread with sourdough

Partially baked frozen (PBF) process prolongs bread shelf life, but diminishes its volume and crumb texture. Therefore, we investigated the possibility of using sourdough for the quality improvement in PBF wholewheat bread. Sourdough was fermented with either Lactobacillus plantarum, Lb. brevis or Leuconostoc mesenteroides mixed with yeast Candida humilis and added at 7.5, 15, 22.5 or 30% on bread dough basis. The choice of sourdough starter significantly affected bread acidity characteristics, flavour, specific volume, shape and crumb firmness. The sourdough amount and acetic acid content of bread inversely correlated to flavour score, specific volume, shape and crumb softness. The overall quality of PBF wholewheat bread was most efficiently improved after adding Lb. plantarum sourdough at 15–22.5%, resulting in retarded firming rate (74–94%) and improved specific volume (25–28%) in comparison with PBF bread without sourdough. Such sourdough has lactic to acetic acid higher than previously recommended for traditional sourbreads.     

Exopolysaccharides from Sourdough Lactic Acid Bacteria

The use of sourdough improves the quality and increases the shelf life of bread. The positive effects are associated with metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during sourdough fermentation, including organic acids, exopolysaccharides (EPS), and enzymes. EPS formed during sourdough fermentation by glycansucrase activity from sucrose influence the viscoelastic properties of the dough and beneficially affect the texture and shelf life (in particular, starch retrogradation) of bread. Accordingly, EPS have the potential to replace hydrocolloids currently used as bread improvers and meet so the consumer demands for a reduced use of food additives. In this review, the current knowledge about the functional aspects of EPS formation by sourdough LAB especially in baking applications is summarized.     

米酒老面发酵工艺对馒头品质的影响

为探究发酵时间、发酵温度、米酒添加量对米酒老面和米酒老面馒头品质的影响,通过3,5-二硝基水杨酸分光光度法、面筋指数测定仪、pH计、小米容积置换法、白度仪、硬度仪和感官评分等方法,以米酒老面的pH值、还原糖含量、湿面筋含量和面筋指数以及米酒老面馒头比容、白度、硬度和感官为评价指标.结果表明:随着米酒老面发酵时间的延长,...     

不同乳酸菌发酵酸面团对面包品质及风味的影响

以酸面团典型菌株植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum,Lp)、类食品乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paralimentarius,Lpa)和发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum,Lf)为发酵菌,探讨自然发酵酸面团(对照),3种单一乳酸菌和4种复合乳酸菌Lpa+Lp (1...     

天然酵母面包研究现状及发展趋势

文章详细介绍了天然酵母面包的酸面团及其分类、天然酵母菌种中的主要微生物、天然酵母液制备工艺及其特点,国内外天然酵母面包研究现状,以期为天然酵母面包的开发推广提供参考。最后,对天然酵母面包发展趋势进行了推测。     

酸面团发酵过程中蛋白质降解规律研究进展

酸面团在发酵面制食品中起着非常重要的作用。酸面团发酵不仅能延长食品的货架寿命,促进面团成形,减缓面制食品的老化速率,而且可以提高发酵食品的营养价值、改善焙烤产品的流变学特性、制备低血糖生成指数的面包及研制可供乳糜泻患者安全食用的低致敏焙烤产品等,主要表现在面包或者馒头的体积、均匀度、色泽及松软度的改善;同时还赋予食品特有的风味。蛋白质是酸面团中重要的组成成分,对酸面团的形成及品质控制起着重要的作用。本文对酸面团的类型、面团发酵对食品品质的影响、微生物群落以及酸面团发酵过程中蛋白质的降解情况进行了综述,以期为酸面团在数字化大生产的综合应用中提供基础。     

Kefir Immobilized on Corn Grains as Biocatalyst for Lactic Acid Fermentation and Sourdough Bread Making

Abstract: The natural mixed culture kefir was immobilized on boiled corn grains to produce an efficient biocatalyst for lactic acid fermentation with direct applications in food production, such as sourdough bread making. The immobilized biocatalyst was initially evaluated for its efficiency for lactic acid production by fermentation of cheese whey at various temperatures. The immobilized cells increased the fermentation rate and enhanced lactic acid production compared to free kefir cells. Maximum lactic acid yield (68.8 g/100 g) and lactic acid productivity (12.6 g/L per day) were obtained during fermentation by immobilized cells at 37 °C. The immobilized biocatalyst was then assessed as culture for sourdough bread making. The produced sourdough breads had satisfactory specific loaf volumes and good sensory characteristics. Specifically, bread made by addition of 60% w/w sourdough containing kefir immobilized on corn was more resistant regarding mould spoilage (appearance during the 11^th day), probably due to higher lactic acid produced (2.86 g/Kg of bread) compared to the control samples. The sourdough breads made with the immobilized biocatalyst had aroma profiles similar to that of the control samples as shown by headspace SPME GC‐MS analysis.