An electrochromic display (ECD) based on anatase titanium dioxide was investigated. When negative and positive voltage bias were applied to TiO2/In2O3-coated glass electrode, the coloration and bleaching phenomena were alternately observed by the electrochemically reversible reaction of Reversibility, contrast during “Write”, frequency response and cycle tests, which were required for an information display device, were examined and shown to have a possibility to apply an electrochromic display device. 相似文献
The strength of dual-display glass surfaces 0.64 mm (Corning 1737 glass) and 0.70 mm (Eagle2000 glass) thick is measured in the initial state and after annealing. Large dispersion of the strength of the glass before and after annealing is found. It is suggested that the low values of the strength are caused by the adverse conditions of storing and handling glass samples. 相似文献
This paper reports the qualities of WO3 film and NiO film added to a counter electrode and their use in a double-sided electrochromic glass device. A mixture of argon and oxygen gasses with ratios of Ar/O2 of 1.5, 2, 3, and 5 were used for the deposition of the working electrode of WO3 film for EC glass. The structure of double-side EC glass consists of glass/ITO/NiO/electrolyte/WO3/ITO/glass/ITO/WO3/electrolyte/NiO/ITO/glass layers. The working electrode of WO3 film controls the color presented, the applied voltage controls the color depth, and the counter electrode controls the transparency in the bleached state. The double-sided EC glass with double WO3 films and double NiO films have faster coloration/bleaching rates than do single-sided EC glass. A mixture of Ar/O2 ratio of 3.0 has the best coloration/bleaching property of the ratios tested. Compared to the single-sided EC glass, the double-sided EC glass has lower transmittance of about 72% and 6% than the 78% and 12% during coloration and bleaching states in the visible light region with +1.5 V and ?3.5 V applied. 相似文献
A series of carbazole-based monomers and their corresponding polymers with various spacer units were synthesized and coated onto ITO-glass surface via an electrochemical cross-linking process. All carbazole-based polymers exhibited multi-electrochromic behavior thanks to two separate oxidation processes. All materials were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, GPC, DSC, UV–vis, Florescence and CV. In addition, electrochromic properties of the cross-linked polymer films were investigated via spectro-electrochemical measurements. The colorless films were converted to yellowish green and greenish blue colors at the anodic regime. The results indicate that the spacer unit between the carbazole unit and the polymer backbone has a great impact on the optical and electrochemical properties and also on the electrochromic performance of these polymers. PVBEC with benzyloxy based spacer exhibits a high contrast ratio (ΔT% = 55 at 690 nm), a faster response time of about 2.1 s, a higher coloration efficiency (331 cm2 C−1) and a better stability (retains its performance by 94.3% even after 1000 cycles). 相似文献
This study employed waste glass from thin-film transistor liquid-crystal displays (TFT-LCD) and slag from a basic oxygen furnace (BOF) to produce CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 (CMAS) glass-ceramics through vitrification and further heat treatment of compacts of the obtained glass powders for densification and crystallization. CMAS glass-ceramics are known for their excellent mechanical and dielectric properties. MgO and Al2O3 were selected as modifying agents to ensure that the composition of the wastes featured these important characteristics. 相似文献
Recently more and more attentions have been drawn on the anti-glare property of display glass, which is directly related to visual health. However, it is still a big challenge to study the influence of the micron-size metasurface structure on the anti-glare property of glass by way of experiment. In this work, an ideal micron-size metasurface filled with uniform pits was firstly established on the display glass via the theoretical simulation. By using FDTD solutions software, the influences of the diameter (D) and depth (L) of the pits on anti-glare properties, such as reflectance and transmittance, electric field intensity distribution, energy flow density distribution, maximum reflection angle and maximum refraction angle, were investigated detailedly. Results show that a small size (less than 6 μm) of pits can promote the anti-reflectance, transmittance and anti-glare property of display glass. Meanwhile, when the diameter of pits matched well with the depth, namely D = 1/L = 0.3–0.4 μm, or D = 3/L = 0.6–1.1 μm, the color brightness and contrast of display glass were improved largely. The equivalent reflectance and equivalent transmittance can also be calculated at the wavelength of 200–1200 nm by using contour cloud map to find the optimal diameter and depth with good anti-glare performance. The distribution of electric field intensity and energy flow density at the specific wavelength which is equal or close to the size of the pits also help to illustrate the flash point position, and the short-range anti-reflection effect and long-range diffuse reflectance effect of metasurface pit structure. Specially, when the diameter is 3 μm and the depth is 0.6 μm, the maximum reflection angle is 113.8°, the maximum refraction angle is 138.6°, the equivalent reflectance is 3.58%, and the glass shows excellent anti-reflection and anti-glare properties, which make the display glass more comfortable and colorful. 相似文献
Electrochromic polymers are attractive materials with enormous potential in the rapidly developing area of plastic electronics due to their flexibility, low-power consumption, ease of processing and low processing cost. Electrochromic devices created with electrochromic polymers are likely to be alternatives or supplements to the conventional inorganic electrochromic devices, which face challenges of durability and electrochromic properties. Several novel electrochromic polyimides, polyamides, and polynorbornenes prepared via polycondensation, ring-opening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP), etc., are introduced in this article. These various polymer species exhibit high thermal stability and mechanical strength. 相似文献
Design, synthesis, and properties of a novel donor-acceptor-donor type low-voltage-driven green polymeric electrochrome, P1, which is based on 8-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-11-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-7-yl)acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxaline (1) are highlighted. It is noted that P1 has an ambipolar (n- and p-doping processes) character in 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate/dichloromethane solution and switches to a transmissive blue state upon oxidation. Furthermore, this new polymeric electrochromic candidate exhibits high redox stability, high coloration efficiency and/or contrast ratio, high percent transmittance (%T) and low response time (1.0 s) with a band gap of 1.10 eV-1.25 eV. 相似文献
The ionic liquid (PYR14TFSI) has proved to be the key material to make a Li-ion conducting element of a complete electrochromic device, when interposed between transparent film electrodes like WO3 and Li-charged V2O5. The key features of this ionic liquid and its mixtures with LiTFSI are the excellent transparency in the visible and NIR optical regions, the good ionic conductivity and the electrochemical compatibility with inorganic Li-intercalation oxide thin film electrodes used in electrochromic devices. The higher optical contrast found during WO3 colouration with PYR14TFSI-LiTFSI, compared to that in a conventional non-aqueous electrolyte like PC-LiTFSI, was attributed to the larger inertness of the former one (no decomposition reaction at the lowest electrode potential). This highly conductive ionic liquid has been incorporated into a polymer matrix (P(EO)10LiTFSI), in order to obtain a transparent solid electrolyte with high Li ion conductivity and good mechanical stability. Finally this solid PYR14TFSI-P(EO)10LiTFSI transparent ion conductor was interposed between the same electrodes as above in order to yield a fully solid-state, Li-ion electrochromic device. This new solid electrolyte was able to transfer reversibly a Li ionic charge between 5 mC cm−2 and 10 mC cm−2 from the lithium storage electrode LixV2O5 to the WO3 electrochromic electrode in less than 100 s at room T, darkening the device from an initial 80% to a final 30% transmittance (at 650 nm). Such a device has been tested first under various constant current conditions, and later under potentiostatic control using ±2 V steps. The latter method allows not only for a faster response of the electrochromic system, but provides also an easier life stability test of the device, which withstood 2000 cycles with little changes in its optical contrast. 相似文献
Transparent adhesive polymer electrolytes, to be used for fabrication of electrochromic glass via a lamination process, were developed from gelatin blended with ethylene-acrylic acid (EAA) copolymer ionomer resin. The gelatin-based electrolyte films were prepared by mixing the polymer with glycerol, LiClO4, formaldehyde, and EAA in a microcompounder. The concentration effect of EAA (i.e., 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 wt% with respect to the gelatin) on thermomechanical, optical, and electrochemical properties of the prepared films were then studied. Results from atomic force micrographs revealed that surface roughness of the neat gelatin film significantly decreased after blending with 20 wt% EAA. This corresponds to the highest ionic conductivity value (4.46 × 10−6 S/cm) of gelatin-based electrolyte in this study. Percentage light transmittance was also maintained above 80%, provided that the concentration of ionomer was kept below 20%. Finally, performance of the electrochromic device with a configuration of ITO/WO3/gelatin/NiO/ITO was demonstrated. Coloration efficiency and response time of 60.38 cm2/C and 10 s/50 s (coloring/bleaching) were achieved, respectively. 相似文献
New all-polymeric simplified electrochromic devices have been prepared based in an intrinsically conductive polymer, poly(ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT). In these devices PEDOT acts simultaneously as electrochromic layer and current collector layer simplifying the construction of the classic devices from seven to five layers. The device presents a chromatic contrast in all the visible range with a maximum at 650 nm (ΔT=0.15) between 0 and 3 V. Representative bleaching and coloring times are 20 and 16 s, respectively, for cm devices. The originality of this work is that advanced electrochromic devices can be constructed using commercially available materials and using simple experimental methods. 相似文献
Polyaniline (PAni) nanofibers were prepared by a one-step electrosynthetic method. A gold sputtered electrode was used as the substrate for the nanofiber growth at a constant current density value of 100 μA cm−2. Substrate morphology induces fiber growing and allows having a remarkable quantity of fibers in a short period of time. Tandem chronoabsorptometric and chronocoulometric data of the electro-synthesis process were collected and analyzed. Several electrochromic parameters were characterized and a short response time (T90) of 20 ms was obtained for a contrast (ΔT %) of 10%. The main reason for this fast response is the ultraporous nature of the prepared nanofibers. This approach represents a straightforward, easy and low cost method to obtain a fast color switching film with potential application in the deployment of an electrochromic device. 相似文献
“Symmetric materials” devices, where both electrodes are made of the same electrochromic materials, allow the in situ study of side reactions. Each transferred charge that is not used for the expected electrochromic reaction will cause a colour change in the whole symmetric device. Two electrochromic materials, WO3 and IrO2, are successively used to show how to obtain information about side reactions such as faradaic efficiency, reversibility and potential limits from the symmetric experiment. This in situ approach with a polymer electrolyte shows significant differences compared to results obtained with studies in aqueous electrolytes. 相似文献
Electrochromic fabric devices represent a further extension to the plethora of available literature on conductive fabrics. This article contains a brief overview of electrochromic devices, electrochromic polymers, conductive materials, conductive fabrics, and electrochromic fabric devices. A tabulated list of the perceived colour of a number of electrochromic polymers that is contained herein is designed to serve as an aide to colour mixing studies. The challenges of optimisation and commercialisatiion of electrochromic fabric devices and their mitigating factors are conjectured, along with some future potential applications for electrochromic fabric device technologies. 相似文献
Transparent, conductive and uniform graphene films have been prepared and used as electrodes of the electrochromic devices of polyaniline. Polyaniline films on both graphene and the widely used indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes showed similar electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties. However, graphene electrodes exhibited much higher electrochemical stability than ITO in aqueous acidic electrolytes. The performances of the electrochromic devices with graphene electrodes exhibited slight decrease upon voltage switching while those of the devices with ITO electrodes decreased dramatically. After 300 cycles, the electrochromic devices with graphene electrodes showed much larger optical contrast and shorter switching time than those of the devices with ITO electrodes. 相似文献