Deterministic remote preparation via the Brown state

We propose two deterministic remote state preparation (DRSP) schemes by using the Brown state as the entangled channel. Firstly, the remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit state is considered. It is worth mentioning that the construction of measurement bases plays a key role in our scheme. Then, the remote preparation of an arbitrary three-qubit state is investigated. The proposed schemes can be extended to controlled remote state preparation (CRSP) with unit success probabilities. At variance with the existing CRSP schemes via the Brown state, the derived schemes have no restriction on the coefficients, while the success probabilities can reach 100%. It means the success probabilities are greatly improved. Moreover, we pay attention to the DRSP in noisy environments under two important decoherence models, the amplitude-damping noise and phase-damping noise.     

Deterministic remote preparation of arbitrary multi-qubit equatorial states via two-qubit entangled states

We propose an efficient scheme for remotely preparing an arbitrary n-qubit equatorial state via n two-qubit maximally entangled states. Compared to the former scheme (Wei et al. in Quantum Inf Process 16:260, 2017) that has the 50% successful probability when the amplitude factors of prepared states are \(2^{-n{/}2}\), the probability would be increased to 100% by using of our modified proposal. The feasibility of our scheme for remote preparation arbitrary multi-qubit equatorial states is explicitly demonstrated by theoretical studies and concrete examples.     

Deterministic remote preparation of an arbitrary qubit state using a partially entangled state and finite classical communication

Quantum Information Processing - We propose a deterministic remote state preparation (RSP) scheme for preparing an arbitrary (including pure and mixed) qubit, where a partially entangled state and...     

Asymmetric bidirectional controlled remote preparation of an arbitrary four-qubit cluster-type state and a single-qubit state

In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for asymmetric bidirectional controlled remote state preparation (ABCRSP) via a ten-qubit entangled state as the quantum channel. In this scheme, two distant parties, Alice and Bob are not only senders but also receivers, and Alice wants to remotely prepare a single-qubit state at Bob’s site; at the same time, Bob wishes to help Alice remotely prepare an arbitrary four-qubit cluster-type entangled state. It is shown that only if the two senders and the controller collaborate with each other, the ABCRSP can be completed successfully. We demonstrate that the total success probability of the ABCRSP in this scheme can reach 1, that is, the scheme is deterministic.     

Perfect joint remote state preparation of arbitrary six-qubit cluster-type states

In this paper, a joint remote state preparation protocol, which is applicable to six-qubit cluster states, is presented. The scheme is performed with the help of three quantum channels constituted by eight qubits. A new index of efficiency for JRSP protocols is defined. A comparison is made with the existing similar schemes from which it is concluded that the present scheme utilizes its resources more efficiently. The work is a part of the line of research on transfer and remote preparation of entanglement.     

Deterministic joint remote preparation of arbitrary two- and three-qubit entangled states

We present several schemes for joint remote preparation of arbitrary two- and three-qubit entangled states with complex coefficients via two and three GHZ states as the quantum channel, respectively. In these schemes, two senders (or N senders) share the original state which they wish to help the receiver to remotely prepare. To complete the JRSP schemes, some novel sets of mutually orthogonal basis vectors are introduced. It is shown that, only if two senders (or N senders) collaborate with each other, and perform projective measurements under suitable measuring basis on their own qubits, respectively, the receiver can reconstruct the original state by means of some appropriate unitary operations. The advantage of the present schemes is that the success probability in all the considered JRSP can reach 1.     

Deterministic remote two-qubit state preparation in dissipative environments

We propose a new scheme for efficient remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit state, introducing two auxiliary qubits and using two Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) states as the quantum channel in a non-recursive way. At variance with all existing schemes, our scheme accomplishes deterministic remote state preparation (RSP) with only one sender and the simplest entangled resource (say, EPR pairs). We construct the corresponding quantum logic circuit using a unitary matrix decomposition procedure and analytically obtain the average fidelity of the deterministic RSP process for dissipative environments. Our studies show that, while the average fidelity gradually decreases to a stable value without any revival in the Markovian regime, it decreases to the same stable value with a dampened revival amplitude in the non-Markovian regime. We also find that the average fidelity’s approximate maximal value can be preserved for a long time if the non-Markovian and the detuning conditions are satisfied simultaneously.     

Hierarchically controlled remote preparation of an arbitrary single-qubit state by using a four-qubit $$|\chi \rangle $$ entangled state

In this paper, we present a scheme for Hierarchically controlled remote preparation of an arbitrary single-qubit state via a four-qubit \(|\chi \rangle \) state as the quantum channel. In this scheme, a sender wishes to help three agents to remotely prepare a quantum state, respectively. The three agents are divided into two grades, that is, an agent is in the upper grade and other two agents are in the lower grade. It is shown that the agent of the upper grade only needs the assistance of any one of the other two agents for recovering the sender’s original state, while an agent of the lower grade needs the collaboration of all the other two agents. In other words, the agents of two grades have different authorities to recover sender’s original state.     

Effect of quantum noise on deterministic remote state preparation of an arbitrary two-particle state via various quantum entangled channels

As one of important research branches of quantum communication, deterministic remote state preparation (DRSP) plays a significant role in quantum network. Quantum noises are prevalent in quantum communication, and it can seriously affect the safety and reliability of quantum communication system. In this paper, we study the effect of quantum noise on deterministic remote state preparation of an arbitrary two-particle state via different quantum channels including the \(\chi \) state, Brown state and GHZ state. Firstly, the output states and fidelities of three DRSP algorithms via different quantum entangled channels in four noisy environments, including amplitude-damping, phase-damping, bit-flip and depolarizing noise, are presented, respectively. And then, the effects of noises on three kinds of preparation algorithms in the same noisy environment are discussed. In final, the theoretical analysis proves that the effect of noise in the process of quantum state preparation is only related to the noise type and the size of noise factor and independent of the different entangled quantum channels. Furthermore, another important conclusion is given that the effect of noise is also independent of how to distribute intermediate particles for implementing DRSP through quantum measurement during the concrete preparation process. These conclusions will be very helpful for improving the efficiency and safety of quantum communication in a noisy environment.     

Optimal remote preparation of arbitrary multi-qubit real-parameter states via two-qubit entangled states

In this paper, we present an efficient scheme for remote state preparation of arbitrary n-qubit states with real coefficients. Quantum channel is composed of n maximally two-qubit entangled states, and several appropriate mutually orthogonal bases including the real parameters of prepared states are delicately constructed without the introduction of auxiliary particles. It is noted that the successful probability is 100% by using our proposal under the condition that the parameters of prepared states are all real. Compared to general states, the probability of our protocol is improved at the cost of the information reduction in the transmitted state.     

Controlled remote state preparation protocols via AKLT states

In this paper, we proposed two controlled remote state preparation of an arbitrary single-qubit state schemes one for deterministic controlled remote state preparation the other for probabilistic controlled-joint remote state preparation with 2/3 probability. Both of them used the Affleck–Kennedy–Lieb–Tasaki (AKLT) state which consisted of bulk spin-1’s and two spin-1 \(/\) 2’s at the ends. Up to now, no RSP protocols using AKLT gapped ground states as a shared quantum resource had been presented thus far and Fan et al. showed the other AKLT property was that if we performed a Bell measurement on bulk, then a maximally entangled state would be shared by two ends. We utilized these properties to develop our controlled protocols.     

Remote preparation of an arbitrary multi-qubit state via two-qubit entangled states

We propose a novel scheme for remote preparation of an arbitrary n-qubit state with the aid of an appropriate local \(2^n\times 2^n\) unitary operation and n maximally entangled two-qubit states. The analytical expression of local unitary operation, which is constructed in the form of iterative process, is presented for the preparation of n-qubit state in detail. We obtain the total successful probabilities of the scheme in the general and special cases, respectively. The feasibility of our scheme in preparing remotely multi-qubit states is explicitly demonstrated by theoretical studies and concrete examples, and our results show that the novel proposal could enlarge the applied range of remote state preparation.     

Joint remote state preparation of arbitrary two-particle states via GHZ-type states

The protocols for joint remote preparation of an arbitrary two-particle pure state from a spatially separated multi-sender to one receiver are presented in this paper. We first consider the situation of two sender and demonstrate a flexible deterministic joint remote state preparation compared with previous probabilistic schemes. And then generalize the protocol to multi-sender and show that by only adding some classical communication the success probability of preparation can be increased to four times. Finally, using a proper positive operator-valued measure instead of usual projective measurement, we present a new scheme via two non-maximally entangled states. It is shown that our schemes are generalizations of the usual standard joint remote state preparation scheme and more suitable for real experiments with requirements of only Pauli operations.     

Effect of quantum noise on deterministic joint remote state preparation of a qubit state via a GHZ channel

Quantum Information Processing - Quantum secure communication brings a new direction for information security. As an important component of quantum secure communication, deterministic joint remote...     

Multiparty-controlled joint remote state preparation

In this work, we present a novel and efficient information-processing way, multiparty-controlled joint remote state preparation (MCJRSP), to transmit quantum information from many senders to one distant receiver via the control of many agents in a network. We firstly put forward a scheme regarding MCJRSP for an arbitrary single-particle state via Greenberg–Horne–Zeilinger entangled states, and then extend to generalize an arbitrary two-particle state scenario. Notably, different from conventional joint remote state preparation, the desired states cannot be recovered but all of agents collaborate together. Besides, both successful probability and classical information cost are worked out, the relations between success probability and the employed entanglement are revealed, the case of many-particle states is generalized briefly, and the experimental feasibility of our schemes is analysed via an all-optical framework at last. And we argue that our proposal might be of importance to long-distance communication in prospective quantum networks.     

Controlled remote state preparation of arbitrary two and three qubit states via the Brown state

In this paper, several new protocols for the controlled remote state preparation (CRSP) by using the Brown state as the quantum channel are proposed. Firstly, we propose a CRSP protocol of an arbitrary two qubit state. Then, the CRSP protocol of an arbitrary three qubit state, which has rarely been considered by the previous papers, is investigated. The coefficients of the prepared states can be not only real, but also complex. To design these protocols, some useful and general measurement bases are constructed, which can greatly reduce the restrictions for the coefficients of the prepared states. The security analysis is provided in detail. Moreover, receiver??s all recovery operations are summarized into a concise formula.     

Efficient joint remote preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit state via cluster and cluster-type states

In this paper, we present a possible improvement of the successful probability of joint remote state preparation via cluster states following some ideals from probabilistic joint remote state preparation (Wang et al. in Opt Commun, 284:5835, 2011). The success probability can be improved from $1/4$ to 1 via the same quantum entangled channel by adding some classical information and performing some unitary operations. Moreover, we also discussed the scheme for joint remote preparation via cluster-type states. Compared with other schemes, our schemes have the advantage of having high successful probability for joint preparation of an arbitrary two-qubit state via cluster states and cluster-type states.     

Classical communication cost and probabilistic remote two-qubit state preparation via POVM and W-type states

I present a new scheme for probabilistic remote preparation of a general two-qubit state by using two W-type states as the shared quantum channel and a proper POVM instead of the usual positive measurement. Also I explore the scheme??s applications to five special ensembles of two-qubit states. The success probability and the classical communication cost in different cases are calculated minutely, respectively, which show that the remote two-qubit preparation can be realized with higher probability after consuming some more classical bits provided that the two-qubit state to be prepared is chosen from the special ensembles.     

Experimental architecture of joint remote state preparation

Motivated by some previous joint remote preparation schemes, we first propose some quantum circuits and photon circuits that two senders jointly prepare an arbitrary one-qubit state to a remote receiver via GHZ state. Then, by constructing KAK decomposition of some transformation in SO(4), one quantum circuit is constructed for jointly preparing an arbitrary two-qubit state to the remote receiver. Furthermore, some deterministic schemes of jointly preparing one-qubit and two-qubit states are presented. Besides, the proposed schemes are extended to multi-sender and the partially entangled quantum resources.     

Joint remote control of an arbitrary single-qubit state by using a multiparticle entangled state as the quantum channel

We present a scheme for joint remote implementation of an arbitrary single-qubit operation following some ideas in one-way quantum computation. All the senders share the information of implemented quantum operation and perform corresponding single-qubit measurements according to their information of implemented operation. An arbitrary single-qubit operation can be implemented upon the remote receiver’s quantum system if the receiver cooperates with all the senders. Moreover, we study the protocol of multiparty joint remote implementation of an arbitrary single-qubit operation with many senders by using a multiparticle entangled state as the quantum channel.