建筑3D打印技术及材料的研究进展

3D打印技术在建筑领域的研究与应用逐渐成为世界范围内的热点研究课题之一,建筑3D打印材料的研究与开发是3D打印技术在建筑领域应用的重点和难点.本文回顾了3D打印技术的发展历程,在总结国内外建筑3D打印技术的基础上,重点介绍了建筑3D打印材料的研究状况和进展,并对目前建筑3D打印材料的应用和问题进行了概括,对建筑3D打印...     

水泥基材料3D打印技术研究进展

3D打印技术是一种增材制造、快速成型技术,应用于建筑结构具有建造速度快、建造成本低、无模化施工和建筑垃圾少等优势.本文针对建筑结构的3D打印建造,介绍了三种适用的打印工艺,讨论了3D打印水泥基材料工作性能、力学性能与耐久性能的研究现状,对3D打印配筋增强构件的研究进展做了总结分析,对目前3D打印在建筑领域应用面临的问题...     

“蝶变”*——一场由3D打印演绎的力与美的视觉盛宴#br#

在进入工业4.0的时代背景下，3D打印技术正在逐步渗透和深刻改变建筑产业。“蝶变”，作为2016年广州国际灯光节的大型3D打印作品，上演了力与美交融的视觉盛宴。该作品创作及研究通过力学分析与参数化设计协同的方法，重点研究面向3D打印工艺的建筑数字化设计与建造的重要内容，实现了具有高效结构性能的大尺度蝶形薄壳的3D打印与制作成型。作为3D打印技术与建筑数字化设计的新结合与大胆尝试，在当今建筑3D打印与智能制造领域的研究中具有典型性和启发意义。     

3D打印建筑技术应用研究

近年来,3D打印技术的快速发展,带动了其在建筑领域的研究及实践。新的建造技术是对传统技术的挑战和补充,同时促使了建筑设计、材料研发、计算机编程、机械设计等多方面的创新。本文通过一些3D打印建筑应用案例及设计的研究,分析本技术的特点,对3D打印建筑的发展进行展望。     

Feasibility study of large-scale mass customization 3D printing framework system with a case study on Nanjing Happy Valley East Gate

At present, the development and implementation of digital transformation are the keys to promoting high-quality industry development. The new digital fabrication method of robotic 3D printing is a research area being studied by many to tackle the issue of the declining productivity of traditional construction methods. Although many studies have been done, most of the current 3D printing projects are facing limitations in terms of scale. In order to bridge the gap, this article proposed a mass customization 3D printing framework system for large-scale projects. This article discusses how mass customization is made possible through the joint operation of the FUROBOT software and 3D printing hardware. By taking the east gate of Nanjing Happy Valley Plaza as a case study, the article demonstrates and studies the feasibility of the large-scale mass customization 3D printing framework system.     

3D打印混凝土材料研究进展

近年来,3D打印技术的应用备受关注,将3D打印技术引入建筑行业具有重要意义,并已成为研究热点之一.本文简述了国内外3D打印混凝土技术的进展,探讨了3D打印混凝土应满足的基本要求及其面临的问题,提出了3D打印石灰石粉混凝土的研究方向,为未来3D打印混凝土性能的优化及3D打印建筑技术发展提供参考.     

3D打印混凝土材料的研究现状与展望

随着3D打印技术的快速发展和3D打印建筑材料的研发,3D打印技术在建筑行业得到了迅速发展,它是一种基于增材制造的建造技术,而混凝土是该技术最常用的打印材料。重点阐述了3D建筑打印技术,3D打印混凝土材料的可建造性、临界失效时间、层间黏结强度、干燥收缩率等性能要求,总结了3D打印混凝土材料国内外研究现状,最后着重阐述了3D打印混凝土施工技术中存在的问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望,希望为以后该方向此类问题的研究提供借鉴。     

3D打印建筑工程结构设计与施工技术

3D建筑打印作为新兴的极具发展潜力的建筑构筑技术,可应用在工业、民居等领域.为验证、推广3D建筑打印技术,结合工程实例,本文介绍3D打印建筑的结构方案设计、现场施工流程以及对3D打印技术的处理措施.     

原位建筑3D打印两层办公室的施工关键技术

总结了两层办公室项目的原位3D打印施工关键技术.设计开发了具有模块化、高精度、多功能等技术特点大型建筑3D打印机;开发了适合现场3D打印施工的专用添加剂,现场搅拌制备出性能优良的、适合现场施工的3D打印混凝土;提出了一种打印建筑竖向钢筋笼放置和连接方法,解决了打印混凝土结构构造柱根部节点与基础连接的施工难题;通过材料技...     

“Composition” and regularisation of architectural production in contemporary China

The purpose of this paper is to explore how the “Beaux-Arts” “composition” sustained the constitution of design principles for architectural production in China in the last two decades of the twentieth century. “Composition”, a key technique of the “Beaux-Arts” system, is not a simple act of “putting elements together” into a unified whole, but also relates to an array of different “constructions” of architectural knowledge which regulate and sustain the act of design. Through analysing the structure of three “textbooks” published in the early 1980s, this paper examines three aspects of the “constructions”: the setting up of the principles for governing architectural forms, regularisation of design methods and approaches for architectural practice, and the construction of a “tradition” for the expression of “Chineseness”.     

3D打印地质聚合物的研究进展和应用探索

地质聚合物是一种以铝硅酸盐为原料与碱激发剂反应而成的绿色建筑材料,将该材料应用于增材制造(3D打印)中有助于环境的可持续发展.本文介绍了挤出成型地质聚合物砂浆的研究进展,着重比较了3D打印样品与铸模成型地质聚合物样品的力学性能,此外,简述了粉煤灰基地质聚合物水泥在大型建筑构件增材制造中的应用潜力,及其在金属矿和高价值矿...     

混凝土3D打印材料的性能与评价方法

3D打印技术的关键在于打印材料的性能,要求其具有良好的流动性、可塑性、挤出性、建造性且凝结时间可调,从而实现可连续打印、无坍塌;同时,还要求其硬化后具有较高的力学性能,以保证打印构建能承受自重及抵抗外力冲击。本文针对混凝土打印材料的性能及评价方法进行总结和分析,为混凝土3D打印技术的后续研究提供参考,并指出混凝土3D打印技术存在的挑战和未来的研究方向。     

3D打印水泥基材料层间界面研究综述

3D打印技术在建筑领域的应用得到广泛关注.与传统施工技术相比,3D打印技术具有诸多技术优势,但仍有一些关键技术问题需要克服,其中打印层间弱界面是一个重点.本文针对3D打印水泥基材料层间界面粘结性能的影响因素、测试方法以及性能特征进行综述.     

3D打印技术在土木工程中的应用展望

3D打印技术是一种通过连续的物理层叠加、逐层增加材料来生成三维实体的先进制造技术。介绍3D打印技术的发展概况和主要产品技术特点,对其在土木工程领域的应用前景进行预测,包括制作复杂节点和构件,特殊形状的浇铸模具和施工模板及高延性抗震耗能构件,促进智能化建筑施工技术等方面。结合土木工程中3D打印技术的应用可能性,提出了需要进行的相关研究。     

3D打印混凝土技术在新冠肺炎防疫方舱中的应用

以南京市江北新区防疫测控方舱为工程案例,展示了建筑3D打印技术在应对新冠肺炎疫情及类似紧急公共事件中的应用方式,探讨了3D打印技术的优势和未来的发展趋势。实践表明,建筑3D打印技术在防疫阶段具有较大的优势。利用3D打印技术进行防疫测控方舱的建造,其建造工艺简洁,生产周期短,安装便捷。构件打印过程由计算机自动控制,人工干预少,且构件以单元模块进行打印,安装用工少。目前,该类型的防疫方舱已经在南京、雄安、海门、濮州等地投入使用。     

3D打印建筑用材料研究、典型应用及趋势展望

叙述了3D打印建筑材料的研究进展,介绍了3D打印技术在建筑领域中的典型应用。提出了需进一步加强打印材料的研发,改进打印设备及打印工艺,建立适合3D打印的结构设计体系和3D打印建筑质量标准体系。     

A critical review of preparation design and workability measurement of concrete material for largescale 3D printing

In recent few years, significant improvement has been made in developing largescale 3D printers to accommodate the need of industrial-scale 3D printing. It is of great feasibility to construct structural components and buildings by means of 3D concrete printing. The major issues of this innovative technique focus on the preparation and optimization of concrete materials which possess favourable printable properties as well as the measurement and evaluation methods of their workability. This paper firstly introduces three largescale 3D printing systems that have been successfully applied in construction industry. It then summarizes the commonly used raw materials in concrete manufacturing. Critical factors that should be particularly controlled in material preparation are specified. Easy-extrusive, easy-flowing, well-buildable, proper setting time and low shrinkage are significant for concrete mixture to meet the critical requirements of a freeform construction process. Thereafter, measuring methods that can be employed to assess the fresh and hardened properties of concrete at early stages are suggested. Finally, a few of evaluation methods are presented which may offer certain assistance for optimizing material preparation. The objective of this work is to review current design methodologies and experimental measurement and evaluation methods for 3D printable concrete materials and promote its responsible use with largescale 3D printing technology.     

3D打印技术在道路工程的应用综述

3D打印技术是一种以建模软件为基础,通过使用粘合材料来进行三维打印的技术.本文对3D打印技术的分类和应用进行了介绍,总结了3D打印技术在道路工程上的应用现状,包括道路修复、道路材料和道路施工三个方面,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

玻璃微珠对OPC-SAC体系复合胶凝材料性能的影响及在3D打印中应用

通过在OPC-SAC体系和矿物掺合料组成的复合胶凝材料中掺入中空玻璃微珠,制备出了符合挤出式建筑3D打印要求的材料。实验结果表明,复合胶凝材料体系初凝时间为11~19 min,终凝时间为20~45 min;3 d抗压强度为50~70 MPa,3 d抗折强度为5~7 MPa,28 d抗压强度为60~90 MPa,28 d抗折强度为7~12 MPa;可满足建筑3D打印的可挤出性、可建造性和可连续性的要求。     

A road map to find in 3D printing a new design plasticity for construction — The state of art

Recent years are showing a rapid adoption of digital manufacturing techniques to the construction industry, with a focus on additive manufacturing. Although 3D printing for construction (3DPC) has notably advanced in recent years, publications on the subject are recent and date a growth in 2019, indicating that it is a promising technology as it enables greater efficiency with fair consumption of material, minimization of waste generation, encouraging the construction industrialization and enhancing and accelerating the constructive process. This new building system not only gives an optimization of the building process but provides a new approach to the building design materiality. The direct connection between design and manufacturing allows the reduction in the number of the various construction phases needed. It is opening a new and wide range of options both formal and chromatic in customization, avoiding complex formworks, reducing costs and manufacturing time. The creative process has a strict and direct link with the constructive process, straightening design with its materiality. Cement-based materials lead the way, but new alternatives are being explored to further reduce its carbon footprint. In order to leverage its sustainability and enhance the system capacity, initiatives are being pursued to allow the reduction of the use of PC. Geopolimers are taking the first steps in 3DPC. Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) materials are used to substitute natural aggregates. Even soil is being explored has a structural and aesthetic material. These research trends are opening a wider range of possibilities for architecture and design, broadening the spectrum of color, texture, and formal variations. The concern about textures and colours is not yet evident in many the structures already printed, opening the opportunity for future research. More can be done in the mixture and formal design of this building system, “discovering” other raw materials in others waste. This article aims to make a critical review of technologies, materials and methodologies to support the development of new sustainable materials to be used as a plastic element in the printed structure. A roadmap of 3D printing for construction is presented, and an approach on mix design, properties in the fresh and hardened state, highlighting the possibilities for obtaining alternative materials are pointed. With this review possible directions are presented to find solutions to enhance the sustainability of this system discovering “new” materiality for architecture and design.