基于SWASH模型的近岸波浪传播变形数值模拟

SWASH模型是一种新型的非静压时域波浪模拟。为了探讨SWASH模型对于解决近岸波浪传播变形问题的适用性,在对其控制方程、边界条件、数值解法等进行介绍的基础上,采用该模型分别模拟了正向规则波、斜向规则波和斜向不规则波入射条件下L形防波堤附近水域的波浪场和波生流场,并与物理试验结果进行对比。结果表明,SWASH模型较好地复演了波浪在近岸区域所发生的浅水变形、折射、破碎,以及堤前反射、堤内绕射等物理现象,波高沿断面的定量分布与试验结果吻合良好,同时较好地模拟了不同波况下防波堤附近水域的波生流场,说明该模型适用于复杂岸线和地形条件下波浪传播变形的数值模拟。     

二维水波数学模型的实验验证

为了验证基于缓坡方程的波浪折射和绕射综合问题的数学模型，在波浪水池中，对缓坡地形上的双突堤在规则波，单向不规则波和多向不规则波作用下的折射，绕射综合影响进行了实验研究，并将实验得到的结果和数值计算结果进行了比较。     

浅水波与圆弧型贯底式防波堤的相互作用

该文基于椭圆余弦波绕射理论,应用特征函数展开法,推导了浅水波对圆弧型贯底式多孔介质防波堤绕射的波势解,并据此解析计算了作用于防波堤的水平波浪载荷与浅水波波面分布。计算结果表明:浅水波入射角与非线性影响参数、海况条件以及防波堤几何条件等因素的相对变化对波浪作用均存在一定的影响,结构透空可以明显减弱防波堤所受波浪作用。与微幅波理论对比可知:在一定浅水条件下采用椭圆余弦波一阶分量模型所计算的最大无量纲波浪力、力矩和波面分布值均明显高于微幅波理论的对应估值,反映了水波非线性因素的影响效应。     

规则波作用下潜堤透浪系数数值模拟

潜堤透浪系数是衡量潜堤削弱波浪能力的主要指标。基于Boussinesq型方程的MIKE21-BW模型建立波浪数值水槽,进行规则波作用下潜堤透浪系数的数值模拟。根据Dingemans物理模型试验结果对BW模型进行参数率定和验证,验证结果良好。在此基础上,进一步分析了影响潜堤透浪系数的无因次影响参数,包含相对淹没深度、波陡、相对堤顶宽度、斜坡堤坡度等,研究不同因素组合情况下潜堤透浪系数的变化规律。建立了规则波作用下潜堤透浪系数的计算式,应用MATLAB数学软件对式中的系数进行拟合,拟合式计算值与BW模型计算值相关系数为0.858,相关性较好。另外,将拟合式与杨正己公式进行比较,并分析数据的差异与原因。研究表明:MIKE21-BW模型可以进行规则波作用下潜堤透浪系数的数值模拟。     

水平斜插板透空式防波堤消波性能数值模拟

通过改进已有的防波堤模型，建立了一种新型水平斜板透空式防波堤模型。基于VOF方法建立了波浪与水平斜板防波堤相互作用的数值模型。经数值模拟研究了该新型水平斜板防波堤结构对波浪透射系数的影响，主要考虑了斜板角度、波陡、相对板间距、相对板宽和相对出水高度等因素对防波堤消波效果的影响。模拟结果显示:①水平斜插板透空式防波堤比水平板透空式防波堤的消波效果好。在斜插板作用下，随着斜板角度增大，透射系数逐渐增大，但增幅逐渐减小；②随着波陡增大，透射系数先减后增；③随着水平板间距增加，透射系数增大；④随着防波堤相对板宽的增大，透射系数逐渐减小；⑤随着防波堤出水高度增加，透射系数先减后增。结果表明，该新型结构防波堤的消波效果显著，可以很好地消减波浪，应用前景良好。     

椭圆余弦波对V形防波堤绕射波浪力的解析计算

应用椭圆余弦波理论,给出了V形薄壁防波堤的浅水波绕射理论解,对现有Airy微幅波理论进行了有效拓展。通过对V形防波堤的浅水波浪力进行试算,揭示了椭圆余弦波对防波堤的作用规律。计算结果表明:椭圆余弦波理论计算的V形防波堤的最大无量纲波浪力明显大于相同浅水条件下Airy微幅波理论的对应结果,该方法有效拓展了无限长直立薄壁堤的反射波理论。此外,浅水波入射角、V形堤张角和防波堤臂长与水深比等参数的变化均将对V形堤的波浪作用产生相关影响,而V形堤的实际绕射波浪力幅值将随浅水波特征参数值的增大而增大。     

波浪荷载对半圆型潜堤作用的数值分析

基于动量源数值造波原理,运用Fluent软件模拟了半圆型潜堤表面波压的分布及变化规律,采用π定理分析了波陡、水深及波长对半圆型潜堤表面波浪力的影响,并通过统计潜堤表面各点所受压力（最大波压力与最小波压力的差值）最大值的分布,给出了半圆型潜堤表面压力最大值出现的位置及概率.分析结果表明,在水深较深时,波陡的改变会使波压力在堤顶至背浪侧发生明显变化;水深波长比的改变,会引起半圆堤两侧波压力不同的变化;波压力的最大值一般发生在堤顶处及其偏向背浪侧附近;半圆堤面上的动波压力最大值主要出现在两侧堤脚附近,随着波高的增加,堤面上各点的动波压力由近似对称分布向两侧受力不同转变.     

Modelling of wave transmission through a pneumatic breakwater

A theoretical approach is derived to study interaction of linear water waves with an air bubble curtain used as a pneumatic breakwater. Modelling of wave transmission through an aerial barrier is a complex task due to a need to cover processes associated with wave-current interaction, effects of two-phase flows, wave damping, etc.. An initial boundary-value problem is solved by applying an efficient eigenfunction expansion method and a time-stepping procedure. The derived semi-analytical solution is used to study the effect of basic parameters of the model on wave dissipative properties of the pneumatic breakwater. Results show that wave damping by the breakwater is mainly affected by an air flow rate. The increased air discharge results in higher velocities of ascending bubbles and increases aerial barrier width. This leads to a substantial reduction of transmitted wave heights, especially for waves of intermediate length and short waves. In order to verify the applicability of the presented theoretical approach, laboratory experiments are conducted in a wave flume for different wave regimes and pneumatic breakwater characteristics. The analysis of a wave transmission coefficient calculated numerically and measured in the laboratory confirms that the derived model can be used for a certain range of wave conditions.     

RESEARCH ON WAVE FORCES ACTING ON THE UNIT LENGTH OF A VERITICAL BREAKWATER BY TESTS AND A NUMERICAL MODEL

1. INTRODUCTION Foretime, the design of coastal structures has been based on the formulae developed for head-on unidirectional waves. On the one hand, waves usually attack a breakwater obliquely, forming a short-crested wave system in front of the breakwa…     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF MULTIDIRECTIONAL FOCUSING WAVE RUN-UP ON A VERTICAL SURFACE-PIERCING CYLINDER

In this article,a numerical model based on improved Boussinesq equations and the Finite Element Method(FEM)with unstructured triangular elements is proposed and verified by experimental results for the focusing wave group interaction with a vertical surface-piercing cylinder.The multidirectional focusing waves with different directional spreading parameters and their interaction with a vertical surface-piercing cylinder are numerically simulated.The directional spreading parameter influences the wave form,that is,a wider directional spreading would induce a narrower wave form in space.The wave run-up on the cylinder increases with the increase of the wave directional spreading parameter,but when the parameter is greater than 30-40,the wave run-up changes only slightly and the influence of the directional spreading can be neglected.A larger diameter cylinder may have a larger wave run-up at the front face.But at the back side,it is other way round.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF EFFECT OF WAVE AROUND SINGLE BREAK-WATER WITH THE SWAN MODEL

A new version of the Stimulating Wave Nearshore(SWAN)model(version 40.51)was used to stimulate the evolution of directional irregular wave near a single breakwater and the Wen spectrum was adopted as an input spectrum.The wave diffraction effect of irregular wave,which is the main improvement compared with the previous SWAN versions,was tested with the experimental data of single breakwater collected in the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering(SLCOE)at Dalian University of Technology(DUT)and the stimulated results of Wu Yan and JONSWAP spectrum as input data,respectively.By comparing the results in four cases,it is seen that the results stimulated by the SWAN model with the JONSWAP or Wen spectra are better than those with Wu's spectrum,and the results simulated with the Wen spectrum is little larger than those with the JONSWAP spectrum and more closely approximated to the measured data compared to the results with the JONSWAP spectrum.It is then concluded that the new SWAN model with the Wen spectrum can be well used to stimulate wave diffraction around a single breakwater.     

新型透空组合板式防波堤结构型式及消浪特性分析

为提高透空式防波堤的消浪性能并减小结构受力,在前人研究基础上提出了一种新型透空组合板式防波堤,比较分析了该型式的防波堤(模型c)与另外两种型式的防波堤(模型a和模型b)的结构特点。通过物理模型试验,探讨了模型c在不同影响因素下的消浪特性,并对比分析了模型a与模型c的透射系数、反射系数和能量耗散系数在不同相对堤宽下的变化关系,比较了两种模型的消浪效果。分析得出,由于模型c兼具开孔水平板式防波堤和开孔挡板式防波堤的作用,模型c的波浪反射小于模型a,消浪效果优于模型a,且模型c这种结构能有效减小防波堤结构受力;当模型宽度和相对间隙比同时较大时消浪效果更好,防波堤出水后的消浪性能要优于淹没状态下的防波堤。     

Numerical simulation of irregular wave transformation due to wave-induced current

In order to investigate the effects of wave breaking-induced currents on the transformation of irregular waves over a shoal, two numerical model systems, a combination of SWAN plus SHORECIRC and a combination of REF/DIF S plus SHORECIRC, were constructed. The experimental results of irregular breaking waves conducted by Vincent and Briggs [1989, Refraction–diffraction of irregular waves over a mound. J. Waterway Port Coast. Ocean Eng. 115(2), 269-284.] were simulated using these two wave and current model combinations. Even though the two model combinations show a slight disagreement on the wave transformations, the numerical results indicate that it is necessary to take into account the effect of the breaking-induced currents when the waves are breaking over a shoal: The computed results agree much better with the experimental measurements than the simulation results obtained by neglecting the wave-current interaction.     

波浪形态及方向分布对港域波浪传播的影响

航道开挖会对波浪的传播产生显著影响,使港内波浪及泊稳条件发生变化。依托物理模型试验结果,验证了MIKE21中BW数值模型的合理性,证实二者结果吻合良好,随后利用该模型对比分析了在规则波、单向不规则波以及多向不规则波作用下,港域波浪扰动系数的分布规律及区别。结果表明：小角度入射波浪下,单向不规则波与规则波在航道迎浪面边坡发生的波能聚集现象明显强于多向不规则波;多向不规则波的方向分布对波浪在航道中的传播产生影响,波浪方向分布范围越窄,航道的折射效应及能量汇聚过程也越明显,航道边坡上的扰动系数也越大。因此在实际工程的航道设计中,应该考虑到不同形态波浪及多向波方向分布在航道传播过程中的差异,尤其在某些涌浪作用较强、波浪能量分布较为集中的港域,以单向不规则波甚至是规则波作为入射波浪将更加合理安全。     

波浪对圆柱外接圆弧型防波堤绕射的解析计算

在微幅波绕射理论的基础上,使用特征函数展开法,推导了圆柱外接圆弧型防波堤复合结构的水波绕射的解析解,并据此计算了该结构所受到的波浪载荷以及绕射波面分布。计算结果表明:与单一圆柱相比,外接圆弧型防波堤的存在可明显降低作用于圆柱的波浪载荷和圆柱表面的波浪爬高;采用外接堤表面密实或透空而内圆柱表面透空的结构形式可以取得圆柱防浪的较佳效果;结构透空系数、波浪入射角度、外接堤张角、外堤半径与水深比、水深与波长比等因素的变化对绕射波浪作用均存在一定影响。     

柔性浮式防波堤消浪特性研究

针对圆柱形柔性浮式防波堤的消浪效果展开断面试验研究,分析其在规则波和不规则波作用下的消浪特性。通过大量水槽试验给出了圆柱形柔性浮式防波堤透射系数、反射系数、衰减系数与锚固方式、试验水深、相对宽度的变化关系。研究结果表明:该结构形式的浮式防波堤对短周期波浪消浪效果明显,而对长周期波浪消浪效果不佳;锚固方式和水深对消浪效果的影响较小;相对宽度是影响消浪效果的主要因素。研究成果可为由该结构连接成的"V"形浮式防波堤的锚固方式和摆放角度的设计提供参考。     

缓坡方程的有限分析数值模式

基于时间关联的双曲型缓坡方程,采用九点有限分析法,建立近岸波浪传播变形的数值模式,在对时间关联的双曲型缓坡方程数值离散时,空间导数采用九点有限分析法,时间导数仍采用有限差分法,再采用质量集中方法得到本文的数值模式。为了验证本模式的数值精度和有效性,分别对Berkhoff(1972)实验和突堤地形进行数值模拟,结果表明本模式的模拟值与物理模型试验值、解析解及有限差分模式的模拟值吻合良好,表明本模式可以对近岸波浪传播过程中折射、绕射、反射、浅水变形、波浪破碎和弱非线性等因素的影响进行较好的预测。     

计算域中存在直立岛式结构物时波浪传播的数值模拟

针对计算域中存在直立岛式结构物的复连通区域,提出了岛体边界条件,利用缓坡方程建立了在计算域中存在直立岛式结构物时波浪传播的数值模拟模型。模型适用于变水深水域问题,克服了解析解只能适用于等水深水域的不足。直立圆柱和无穷小厚度岛式防波堤周围波浪传播的数值算例表明,数值解与解析解吻合良好,说明所建立的数值模拟模型能有效地模拟复连通区域内的波浪传播。矩形固定式防波堤周围波浪场的数值模拟说明该模型对工程实际有较强的适应性。     

WAVE DIFFRACTION ON ARC-SHAPED BOTTOM-MOUNTED BREAKWATERS

1. INTRODUCTION Various types of breakwaters are common coastal structures to shelter harbors and s mall crafts fromthe direct attack of waves . Of these , the arc-shaped bottom-mounted breakwater is com- mon. This type of breakwaters , whose horizontal section is an arc shape ,is usually situated on the seabed and extended to above the water surface . Many researchers have performed a variety of studies on the wave diffraction performance of many kinds of breakwaters . Penney and Price …     

大型围垦工程海堤建设过程中围区内波浪传播研究

以浙江省温州市某大型围垦工程为例,采取波浪断面物理模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,运用MIKE21中SW模块,数值模拟了越堤次生波、龙口绕射波和小风区风成浪综合作用下的波浪传播变形现象,探讨了一期海堤平面位置、建设抬高过程以及龙口布置等因素对二期海堤堤前波浪要素的影响。