Forcing biological sciences into architectural design:On conceptual confusions in the field of biomimetic architecture

Certain confusion may be observed in the field of biomimetic architecture,as it emerges at the crossroad of two disciplinary domains:architectural design and bi...     

Biology and architecture: An ongoing hybridization of scientific knowledge and design practice by six architectural offices in France

As a highly interdisciplinary field, architecture is being influenced by many subjects of natural and social sciences. Biology despite being apparently distant from architecture is currently a scientific field blending into design practices, which have evolved and shifted towards a new hybrid framework. In this article, we present an emerging design field of what we categorize as biomimetic architecture pioneering by six architectural offices in France. We observe the impact of scientific researches on design processes and practices through six case studies led by these offices, which can be seen through the actors who involved in various types of interdisciplinary collaborations, through the competencies of the architect himself, and through new sources of ideas coming from biological sciences and related fields. We propose to use a classification of theoretical uses in modeling practice to better understand the role that biological knowledge plays in architectural design practices. Finally, the result of this analysis shows that the use of biology taking place in a design space has external purposes, which transform it to produce engineering devices or urban schemes rather than architectural projects. It also shows that biology in architectural design induces other kinds of non-biological knowledge, is not strictly theoretical and could be obsolete or approximate. These findings lead to an epistemological discussion concerning the confusion between biological ‘knowledge’ and architectural design ‘know-how’.     

Breathing architecture: Conceptual architectural design based on the investigation into the natural ventilation of buildings

This study explores architectural design by examining air, fluid mechanics, and the natural ventilation of buildings. In this context, this research introduces a new way of dealing with the process of architectural synthesis. The proposed way can be used either to create new architectural projects or to rethink existing ones. This study is supported by previous investigation into the natural ventilation of buildings via computational and laboratory simulation (Stavridou, 2011; Stavridou and Prinos, 2013). The investigation into the natural ventilation of buildings provides information and data that affect architectural design through various parameters. The parameters of architectural synthesis that are influenced and discussed in this paper are the following: (i) inspiration and analogical transfer, (ii) initial conception of the main idea using computational fluid dynamics (digital design), (iii) development of the main idea through an investigatory process toward building form optimization, and (iv) form configuration, shape investigation, and other morphogenetic prospects. This study illustrates the effect of natural ventilation research on architectural design and thus produces a new approach to the architectural design process. This approach leads to an innovative kind of architecture called “breathing architecture.”     

Commonly encountered seismic design faults due to the architectural design of residential buildings in Turkey

The 17 August 1999 and 12 November 1999 earthquakes in Western Anatolia provided undesirable field evidence that most of the low story residential reinforced concrete buildings have very poor earthquake resistance. Architectural design faults negatively affect the structural behavior of buildings. In Turkey, earthquake-resistant design is considered to be exclusively within the field of responsibility of structural engineers. As a result, architects and especially students of architecture are not well informed about the effect of their design decisions on the seismic performance of the buildings. Structural damages in collapsed buildings demonstrate that most of the design faults that lead to destruction of buildings are due to architectural decisions. This paper intends to present the concept of earthquake-resistant design in a comprehensible format for the architects and builders, therefore aims to contribute to the efforts of creating a better awareness of earthquake resistant building design.     

通信建筑设计浅述

从大型通信建筑的项目选址、建筑规划布置、通信电缆布放、机房室内装饰布局、防雷与接地、通风空调、消防与安全等方面进行概要阐述,并对小型无人值守接入网机房设计进行简要介绍,以积累通信建筑设计经验。     

建筑设计企业核心人才的管理

作为企业主要价值创造者以及核心竞争力的体现者,核心人才已成为建筑设计企业关注的焦点和管理的重点。本文通过对核心人才的界定,核心人才的招聘以及企业留住核心人才的策略的分析,构建了建筑设计企业核心人才管理的基本框架。     

Factors affecting creativity in the architectural education process based on computer-aided design

One of the most influential factors in architectural design is creativity. The enhancement of student creativity is a universally sought objective. This research hypothesized that computer-aided design, experience, sketching, physical modeling, learning environment, and images and visual references can serve as powerful tools to stimulate creativity in the architectural design process. It sought to investigate which of these components has the greatest impact on increasing student creativity. A total of 114 bachelor students and 347 master students of Architecture were surveyed using a questionnaire. Data were then analyzed using SPSS and one sample t-test and Friedman test for ranking. Results showed that experience can significantly increase the creativity of students in the architectural design process compared to the other components.     

浅谈绿色建筑中的建筑节能创新

在分析绿色建筑节能创新因素的基础上,综合阐述了绿色建筑中创新性的建筑节能措施,以期在国家政策的保障和市场机制的推动下,真正实现绿色建筑的节能效果,有效推广绿色节能建筑。     

浅议建筑的设计研究

阐述了设计研究的概念,并在设计研究基本解析的基础上,分析了设计与研究的关系,总结出设计研究系列的基本性质,最后探讨了设计研究在建筑设计领域的应用与意义。     

谈传统建筑技术在现代建筑节能设计中的应用

研究了传统建筑技术,以此为蓝本,详细探讨了传统建筑技术应用于现代建筑节能设计中的可操作性,为现代建筑节能设计提出更为行之有效的创新性思维,从而建立起传统建筑技术在现代建筑节能设计中的资料应用体系。     

Design response to rising sea levels in the Maldives: A study into aquatic architecture

Climate change and rising sea levels present immediate threats to humanity. However, the global catastrophe fails to generate sufficient action. Subject to total submergence within 80 years, this study undertakes an iterative design process seeking sustainable adaptation strategies for the coastal island nation of the Maldives, specifically, Malé, its capital, which exists under a “state of alert” by order of government. Research methods include literature reviews, site analysis, mapping, and iterative design processes to develop an implementation framework strategy. Infrastructure concepts are presented as speculative images with context-specific spatial relationships and functions. Concepts do not intend to represent a conclusive prototype, rather, an ideation—a solution-based discourse among key audiences highlighting the need to act decisively and adaptively.     

Designing with nature: Advancing three-dimensional green spaces in architecture through frameworks for biophilic design and sustainability

In the transition to a more sustainable built environment over the last two decades, the “greening” of architecture as a popular approach has received widespread attention. However, there are still many open questions and contradictions regarding how to design with “nature” and contribute to sustainability. In addition, explorations of built examples are rare, and three-dimensional (3D) green spaces in buildings are often overlooked. Therefore, we introduce “green pockets” (3D green spaces) as a typology distinct from two-dimensional green roofs and walls/facades. We draw on a mixed-method approach to study two cases (Erasmus MC and Hotel Jakarta), comprising 12 semi-structured interviews with different stakeholders, design document analysis, and site observation. We develop a critical reflection (a framework) on the impacts of “green architecture” on sustainability from unpacked benefits and adopt a biophilic design framework to analyse designing with “nature” in architectural practice. These findings demonstrate that green pockets contribute to integrating multiple experiences of “nature” into buildings and developing sustainable architecture. Designing green pockets with visibility, accessibility, and spatial characteristics (e.g., prospect and refuge, organised complexity, peril, and mystery) of “nature” improves building quality. Furthermore, we provide design recommendations to advance green pocket designs and make suggestions for future research.     

建筑空间设计中以人为本的思想体现

建筑空间设计应一切以使用者为中心,这从根本上决定了建筑设计、建设和使用都必须始终贯彻“以人为本”的思想,本文通过两个实际案例阐述建筑师如何通过建筑空间尺度设计体现“以人为本”的人本位思想。     

浅谈对建筑结构抗震概念设计的理解

介绍了建筑结构抗震概念设计的目的,探讨了运用概念设计原理进行抗震设计时考虑的主要因素,以明确抗震设计思想,恰当地运用抗震设计原则,使计算分析结果更能反映地震时结构的实际情况,从而比较合理地进行抗震设计。     

浅析生态建筑观在建筑设计中的运用

介绍了当代生态建筑的概念及生态建筑在建筑设计上的设计重点和常用手法，指出建筑师必须处理好环境、建筑、经济效益三者关系，应用自己的创造性劳动使建筑作品保持技术的领先性和生态环境的可持续性。     

创意概念型博览会展建筑消防性能化设计

结合某创意概念型博览会展建筑工程,针对其防火分区面积大、疏散距离长的问题进行性能化防火设计。设计7个场景,以FDS模拟烟气流动,使用EVACNET4模拟人员疏散情况。就此类建筑性能化设计中若干关键问题进行探讨。性能化设计的防火分区应与按规范要求设计的防火分区在安全性上等价或相似。应增强防排烟以弥补疏散距离长的缺陷。应考虑增配消防排烟车以增强应急救援能力。     

谈当代建筑设计中历史文化的继承

介绍了中国当代建筑设计中如何继承历史文化 ,去其糟粕 ,取其精华 ,从历史文化、当代建筑设计和未来建筑发展等几方面进行了论述 ,指出中国建筑的历史文化蕴含着我国民族的智慧和结晶。     

Reinventing the wheel: A tool for design quality evaluation in architecture

Addressing design evaluation as a critical yet under-researched domain, this study analyzes the design evaluation structure and its variables and criteria that guide its outcomes. Within a scope of architectural design in practice and education, this study develops a new tool for design quality evaluation. The study consists of four main parts. The first is explorative which reviews and analyzes literature in the assessment and evaluation fields. The second is derivative and used to develop a tool for design quality evaluation (DQE) that combines design criteria and detailed evaluation rubrics. The tool which is named “Evaluation Wheel” is intended to help designers, educators and other design-related stakeholders judge design products succinctly, comprehensively, systematically and graphically. The third part is experimental and is used to test the applicability of the proposed wheel. A set of design products are evaluated by a group of designers using two methods; one uses various design criteria, and the other uses the wheel tool introduced in this research. The fourth part is analytical and evaluative which uses deductive, inductive and abductive reasoning techniques to analyze and compare the findings of the third part. The findings are presented and discussed. The results that indicate a reduction of the discrepancies of the scores among the evaluators seem to support the uptake of the proposed wheel in the design evaluation fields.     

云南花腰傣新型土掌房民居建筑设计探索

从传统土掌房民居建筑的外在表现形式入手,分析了云南新平戛洒独特的土掌房建筑艺术特色,进而探索了体现地域文化及文脉主义思想的土掌房建筑再创作的手法,以寻找云南新平戛洒土掌房建筑回归自然、追溯本土文化的创作途径。