Mechanism for suspension magnetization roasting of iron ore using straw-type biomass reductant

As an alternative reductant for fossil fuel in the future, straw-type biomass contributes to emission reduction and green utilization in the suspension roasting process. In this study, the influences of the roasting time, roasting temperature and dose of straw-type biomass after suspension magnetization roasting (SMR) and separation were investigated. The optimal conditions were determined to be a roasting time of 7.5 min with a straw-type biomass dose of 20 wt% and a roasting temperature of 800 ℃, in which an iron grade of 71.07% and recovery of 94.17% were obtained for the iron concentrate. The maximum saturation magnetization under optimal conditions was 35.05 A·m²·g⁻¹, and the gaseous regulation of the biomass revealed that cumulative reducing gas volume was 293.93 mL at the optimal roasting time of 450 s. The transformation of hematite to magnetite was detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). During microstructure evolution, the outer layer consisting of fissures and tiny holes continuously deepened toward the core.     

某鲕状赤铁矿流化床燃煤还原焙烧-磁选研究

运用小型循环流化床锅炉,针对铁品位为49.20%、磷质量分数为1.16%的湖北某鲕状赤铁矿进行磁化焙烧-磁选试验研究.试验结果表明,将粒径为106～150 μm的鲕状赤铁矿在700 ℃下焙烧15 min,选取磨矿后粒径在74 μm以下的颗粒质量分数为85%的焙烧矿物,运用湿式磁选管在139.22 kA/m的磁场强度下对筛选后的焙烧矿物进行磁选抛尾,可以获得铁品位为55.12%、全铁回收率为70.11%、磷质量分数为0.67%的铁精矿.研究表明,运用循环流化床局部还原性气氛高速磁化焙烧铁矿石是可行的,运用该磁化焙烧-磁选工艺流程可以达到一定的提铁降磷效果.     

Application of multi-stage dynamic magnetizing roasting technology on the utilization of cryptocrystalline oolitic hematite:A reviewOA

A large number of studies have shown that oolitic hematite is an iron ore that is extremely difficult to utilize because of its fine disseminated particle size, high harmful impurity content and oolitic structure.To recover iron from oolitic hematite, we developed a novel multistage dynamic magnetizing roasting technology. Compared with traditional magnetizing roasting technologies, this novel technology has the following advantages: firstly, the oolitic hematite is dynamically reduced in a mult...     

冷却方式对焙烧鲕状赤铁矿磨矿性能影响

鲕状赤铁矿有用矿物嵌布粒度细,磨矿成本高,属于典型难选铁矿石。磁化焙烧-磁选工艺是分选此类难选铁矿石的有效方法,研究了不同冷却方式对磁化焙烧矿的磨矿性能产生的影响.鲕状赤铁矿进行磁化焙烧后分别隔绝空气密闭冷却、水淬及空气中自然冷却,进行粒度筛析和磨矿试验.发现焙烧后矿石粒径变粗,从原矿的平均粒径为0.069 9mm至密闭冷却、水冷和自然冷却焙烧矿的0.088 2mm、0.084 3mm、0.087 0mm.相同磨矿条件下,原矿、密闭冷却焙烧矿、水冷焙烧矿和自然冷却焙烧矿-0.045mm含量分别为84.89%、83.89%、76.51%、77.14%.表明磁化焙烧使鲕状赤铁矿变得更为难磨,密闭冷却时磨矿效果最佳,自然冷却次之,水冷最差.     

Effect of coal levels during direct reduction roasting of high phosphorus oolitic hematite ore in a tunnel kiln

The effect of coal levels on phosphorus removal from a high phosphorus oolitic hematite ore after direct reduction roasting have been investigated. Raw ore, coal, and a dephosphorization agent were mixed and the mixture was then roasted in a tunnel kiln. The roasted products were treated by two stages of grinding followed by magnetic separation. XRD and SEM–EDS examination of the products was used to analyze differences in the roasted products. The results show that coal is one of the most important factors affecting the direct reduction roasting process. When the inner coal levels increased from 0% to 15% the iron grade decreased linearly from 94.94% to 88.81% and the iron recovery increased from 55.94% to 92.94%. At the same time the phosphorus content increased from 0.045% to 0.231%. Increasing the inner coal levels also caused more hematite to be reduced to metallic iron but the oolitic structure of the roasted product was preserved in the presence of high coal loading. The phase of the phosphorus in raw ore was not changed after direct reduction roasting. The effect of coal on the phosphorus content in the H-concentrate arises from changes in the difficulty of mechanically liberating the metallic iron from the phosphorus bearing minerals.     

铁矿尾矿的活化及蒸养砖的制备

采用煅烧、磁选工艺对铁矿尾矿的惰性进行改性. 以改性后的铁矿尾矿为原料制备了蒸养砖,实现了对铁矿尾矿的废物利用. 将选矿尾矿与一定量煤粉混合煅烧,使其具有火山灰活性并使尾矿中的矿石矿物转变成磁铁矿. 对煅烧尾矿进行磁选,并检测三氧化二铝和二氧化硅的总溶出率. 以活化磁选后的铁矿尾矿为主要原料,采取干压成型制备了蒸养砖. 结果表明,煅烧后磁选能够将重选尾矿、浮选尾矿中的铁含量分别降低39.41 %和45.10 %,分选出来的铁精矿的品位均在57 %以上. 同时,重选尾矿的火山灰活性提高了近3倍,磁选尾矿的火山灰活性提高近2倍. 制备蒸养砖的最佳配合比为:水泥、建筑砂与尾矿的质量比为1∶1∶8,水料比0.15,石膏掺量为总干物料的2%. 所制得蒸养砖的抗折强度、抗压强度、吸水率、软化系数、干质量损失、干燥收缩率等性能指标都达到了非烧结砖的国标要求.     

Magnetic separation studies for a low grade siliceous iron ore sample

Investigations were carried out, on a low grade siliceous iron ore sample by magnetic separation, to establish its amenability for physical beneficiation. Mineralogical studies revealed that the sample consists of magnetite, hematite and goethite as major opaque oxide minerals where as silicates as well as carbonates form the gangue minerals in the sample. Processes involving combination of classification, dry magnetic separation and wet magnetic separation were carried out to upgrade the low grade siliceous iron ore sample to make it suitable as a marketable product. The sample was first ground and each closed size sieve fractions were subjected to dry magnetic separation and it was observed that limited upgradation is possible. The ground sample was subjected to different finer sizes and separated by wet low intensity magnetic separator. It was possible to obtain a magnetic concentrate of 67% Fe by recovering 90% of iron values at below 200 μm size.     

Surface magnetization of siderite mineral

Surface self-magnetization of siderite is achieved by generating ferromagnetic substance on the surface of siderite by adjusting slurry temperature, pH value, stirring rate and reaction time. No addition of any iron-containing reagent is required. The temperature of 60 °C, NaOH concentration of 0.10 mol/L; stirring rate of 900 r/min and the reaction time of 10 min are the optimal conditions. The results show that the siderite recovery in magnetic separation increased from 26.9% to 88.8% after surface magnetization. Magnetization kinetic equation is expressed as 1 ? [1 ? (? ? 0.269)]^1/3 = Kt. Activation energy for the magnetization reaction is 4.30 kJ/mol. VSM, SEM and XPS were used to characterize the siderite, and results show that the saturated magnetization (σ_s) of siderite increased from 0.652 to 2.569 A m²/kg, the magnetic hysteresis was detected with a coercive force of 0.976 A/m after magnetization; Fe2P3/2 electron binding energy changed which reflects the valence alteration in iron on the surface and the formation of ferromagnetic Fe₃O₄.     

Evaluation of reduction roasting and magnetic separation for upgrading Mn/Fe ratio of fine ferromanganese

Low grade ferromanganese tailing was subjected to different mineralogical techniques, reduction roasting and magnetic separation to establish whether commercially acceptable manganese qualities and high Mn/Fe ratio could be obtained, and also to determine the best processing route for beneficiating this ore. The main manganese mineral within the feed sample is birnessite, with minor amounts of pyrolusite and todorokite. Size by assay analysis conducted presented a result with a yield of about 35.75% and Mn grade of 27.63% to coarse (?3.35 + 1 mm) and yield of 20.24% and Mn grade of 27.71% to (?1.18 + 0.50 mm) fraction. Two-stage high induced magnetic separations at 16,000 and 11,000 G produces Mn grades with similar grade to that obtained from the ferromanganese feed sample. Reduction roasting followed by magnetic separation on ?1.18 + 0.50 mm at 1000 G recovered 72.31% Mn with a grade of 58.44% Mn, 2.52% Fe and 3.29% Si at Mn/Fe ratio of 23.22. This study reveals the influence of roasting in converting the hematite and goethite to magnetite and the response of the roasted fraction to magnetic separation.     

Separation of hematite from banded hematite jasper(BHJ) by magnetic coating

The separation of iron oxide from banded hematite jasper(BHJ) assaying 47.8% Fe, 25.6% Si O2 and 2.30%Al2O3 using selective magnetic coating was studied. Characterization studies of the low grade ore indicate that besides hematite and goethite,jasper, a microcrystalline form of quartzite, is the major impurity associated with this ore. Beneficiation by conventional magnetic separation technique could yield a magnetic concentrate containing 60.8% Fe with 51% Fe recovery. In order to enhance the recovery of the iron oxide minerals, fine magnetite, colloidal magnetite and oleate colloidal magnetite were used as the coating material. When subjected to magnetic separation, the coated ore produces an iron concentrate containing 60.2% Fe with an enhanced recovery of56%. The AFM studies indicate that the coagulation of hematite particles with the oleate colloidal magnetite facilitates the higher recovery of iron particles from the low grade BHJ iron ore under appropriate conditions.     

Effect and mechanism of siderite on reverse anionic flotation of quartz from hematite

Reverse flotation technology is one of the most efficient ways to improve the quality and reduce impurity of iron concentrate. Mineral processors dealing with hematite face a challenge that the flotation results of reverse flotation of hematite are poor in presence of siderite using fatty acid as collector, starch as depressant of iron minerals and calcium ion as activator of quartz at strong alkaline pH. In this work, the effect of siderite on reverse anionic flotation of quartz from hematite was investigated. The effect mechanism of siderite on reverse flotation of hematite was studied by solution chemistry, ultraviolet spectrophotometry(UV) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). It was observed that siderite had strong depressive effect on quartz in flotation using sodium oleate as collector, corn starch as depressant of iron minerals and calcium chloride as activator of quartz at strong alkaline pH. The starch was adsorbed onto calcium carbonate by chemical reaction which was formed by CO~(2-)_3 from siderite dissolution and Ca~(2+) from calcium chloride as activator of quartz and precipitated on the surface of quartz, which resulted in improving the hydrophilic ability of quartz.     

低品位铁矿石流化焙烧-磁选提质试验研究

针对我国低品位铁矿石嵌布粒度极细,成分复杂,难提难选的现况,运用循环流化床和磁选管进行劣质铁矿石的流化焙烧 磁选试验研究,试验采用CO、N2的混合气体营造还原性气氛（其中CO体积分数为10%）,将粒径为1 mm以下的新疆某低品位铁矿石（原矿铁品位为9.63%）于850 ℃焙烧10 min,得到强磁性的磁铁矿,将焙烧产物破碎细磨（磨至200 目以下占75%）,利用湿式磁选管在71.66 kA/m的磁场强度下进行弱磁选抛尾,可以得到铁精矿品位为46.25%,全铁回收率为25.52%的选矿指标.研究表明,运用循环流化床焙烧-弱磁选的方法提质铁矿石,可以有效地减少焙烧时间,在保证选矿达标的基础上,有效地降低生产周期.     

磁化矿石颗粒模型及磁选过程分析

基于磁选过程中颗粒尺寸、磁场强度和磁选精矿品位三者之间的关系,建立磁化矿石颗粒模型,对其进行理论分析与计算,确定最佳磁场强度,并进行磁化矿石的磁选研究。结果表明：在配煤量4%（质量分数）,焙烧温度850℃,焙烧时间60 min,磨矿细度-0.074 mm占60%（质量分数）,磁场强度为40 mT的条件下,得到铁品位57.7%（质量分数）,铁回收率90.3%（质量分数）的铁精矿,较好地实现了铁精矿的富集和回收。     

Enrichment of Nb and Ti from carbonatite pyrochlore ore via calcining-slaking followed by gravity separationOA

In this work, a novel process consisting of calcining-slaking followed by gravity separation for the enrichment of niobium(Nb) and titanium(Ti) from carbonatite pyrochlore ore was proposed, validated and compared with the current mainstream flotation method. During calcining of the pyrochlore ore, within which the carbonates were transformed into lime. Subsequently, when the calcined ore was slaked, lime was transformed into hydroxide with fine particles which were amenable to gravity separation...     

Study on kinetics of thermal decomposition of low LOI goethetic hematite iron ore

In the present study, the kinetics of thermal decomposition of hydrated minerals associated in natural hematite iron ores has been investigated in a fixed bed system using isothermal methods of kinetic analysis. Hydrated minerals in these hematite iron ores are kaolinite, gibbsite and goethite, which contribute to the loss on ignition(LOI) during thermal decomposition. Experiments in fixed bed have been carried out at variable bed depth(16, 32, 48 and 64 mm),temperature(400-1200 ℃) and residence time(30,45, 60 and 75 min) for iron ore samples. It is observed that beyond a certain critical bed depth(16 mm), 100% removal of LOI is not found possible even at higher temperature and higher residence time. Most of the solid-state reactions of isothermal kinetic analysis have been used to analyze the reaction mechanism. The raw data are modified to yield fraction reacted "α" versus time and used for developing various forms of "α" functions.f(α) is the inverse of first derivative of g(α) with respect to α. The study demonstrates that decomposition of hydrated mineral in hematite follows the chemical kinetics.The estimated activation energy values in all the experimental situations are found to high, of the order of 60 kJ/mol, reinstating that the reactions are indeed controlled by moving phase boundary and random nucleation.     

Effect of Na<Subscript>2</Subscript>CO<Subscript>3</Subscript> and CaCO<Subscript>3</Subscript> on coreduction roasting of blast furnace dust and high-phosphorus oolitic hematite

Iron was recovered from blast furnace dust and high-phosphorus oolitic hematite in the presence of Na₂CO₃ and CaCO₃ additives. The functions of Na₂CO₃ and CaCO₃ during the coreduction roasting process were investigated by XRD and SEM-EDS analyses. Results indicate that these additives not only hinder the reduction of fluorapatite, CaCO₃ also decreases the P content of direct reduced iron (DRI) by increasing the reduction alkalinity. P remains as fluorapatite in the slag, which can be removed by grinding and magnetic separation under optimal conditions. The Na₂CO₃ promotes hematite reduction and improves the iron recovery (ε_Fe) by replacing the FeO from fayalite, which results in quick growth and aggregation of metallic iron and improvement of ε_Fe in DRI. A DRI with 91.88 mass% Fe, and 0.065 mass% P can be achieved at a recovery of 87.86 mass% under the optimal condition.     

超声波对At.f菌脱除鲕状赤铁矿中磷的影响

利用广西某温泉水样分离At.f菌并进行纯化,采用超声波诱变研究对鄂西鲕状赤铁矿磁选精矿脱磷技术。结果表明:1)超声波诱变可以提高At.f菌的活性,当超声波频率为59kHz、诱变时间为20min时,体系中Fe2+完全氧化所需时间为20min;2)超声波诱变20min后的At.f菌接种比为15%～20%时,30d铁矿的脱磷效果为85%以上;3)培养基中ρ(Fe2+)≥9g/L时,诱变后的菌株对于鲕状赤铁矿磁选精矿的脱磷率为80%以上。     

Two-step flotation recovery of iron concentrate from Donganshan carbonaceous iron ore

The flotation of pure and natural carbonaceous iron ore samples in the oleate flotation system was investigated. Starch can depress hematite effectively in a wide pH range, but cannot depress siderite efficiently in neutral conditions. The flotation recovery of pure hematite, siderite, and quartz in the oleate-starch-CaCl₂ system is significantly different when the slurry pH varies from 4 to 12. A novel two-step flotation process was developed for the separation of iron concentrate from Donganshan carbonaceous iron ore through which the siderite concentrate is first recovered and the high quality hematite concentrates with relative high iron recovery can be obtained in the second step flotation. The siderite concentrate may be utilized directly or undergo further concentration steps to increase iron grade.     

Magnetizing roasting mechanism and effective ore dressing process for oolitic hematite ore

Magnetizing roasting of oolitic hematite ore from western Hubei Province was investigated.The mechanism for reduction roasting of oolitic hematite ore was discussed and analyzed.It is found that flash magnetizing roasting-magnetic separation process is a promising approach for the processing of oolitic hematite ore from western Hubei Province.     

铁尾矿砂改良膨胀土基本工程性质试验研究

研究利用工业废料铁尾矿砂作为添加剂改良膨胀土的可行性与改良效果。通过室内试验,对尾矿砂改良土的基本物理性质指标、膨胀性指标、强度指标以及微观结构进行了研究。试验结果表明,随着掺砂率的增大,试验土样的界限含水率及塑性指数都减小;自由膨胀率、有荷膨胀率和膨胀力等膨胀特性指标随掺砂率的增大均降低。无侧限抗压强度和黏聚力随着掺砂率的增加先增大后减小,在掺砂率为30%时达到最大;内摩擦角随着掺砂率增大而增大。通过观察SEM试验结果,发现在掺砂率为30%时,改良土结构处于最稳定状态,说明掺铁尾矿砂改良膨胀土具有显著效果,为膨胀土改良提供了一种新方法。综合考虑各项指标,认为铁尾矿砂改良膨胀土的最佳掺入比应为30%。