斑衣蜡蝉在葡萄上的危害及防治措施

斑衣蜡蝉是一种危害多种林木和果树的重要刺吸性害虫,主要分布于中国、日本、越南、韩国、印度和美国等地。该虫在经济林木中最喜危害葡萄,目前在宁夏地区随着转换寄主,现已扩散到了部分葡萄园,成为贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄的重要虫害之一。为全面了解其研究进展,本文概述了国内外关于斑衣蜡蝉的寄主植物、形态特征、危害状况、发生规律、生活习性、诱发因素及防治措施等研究现状,以期为防治该虫,寻求进一步研究方向及探讨新的防治途径提供帮助。     

美人指、藤稔等葡萄品种开花生物学特性观察

藤稔等15个欧美杂交种,栽培方式采用花前覆膜的单行避雨栽培,其中品种天缘奇又分避雨栽培和大棚先促成后避雨两种栽培方式.     

咸阳地区葡萄霜霉病的发生规律与气象条件关系分析

利用成阳市各县的气象资料以及葡萄病虫害观测资料,通过相关分析,得出了霜霉病发生规律与气象条件关系,总结了葡萄霜霉病预测预报指标,提出了葡萄霜霉病综合防治措施.     

河北张家口地区冰雹发生规律调查与分析

冰雹灾害是一种局域性强、季节明显、来势急、持续时间短,以砸伤为主的自然灾害。我国是一个发展中国家,农业生产在国民经济中占有重要的地位,但频发的冰雹灾害给农业生产造成很大的危害,直接影响着农业的发展。据统计,每年我国农业遭受的冰雹灾害面积约为243万hm2[1],造成的直接经济损失达300多亿元。冰雹虽然在     

杨木APMP制浆废水污染物成因及规律研究

研究了杨木APMP不同制浆条件下,杨木各化学组分溶出的变化对制浆废水污染物发生量的影响。固定NaOH用量为4%,H2O2用量由1%增加至3%时,认为苯醇抽出物对污染物负荷贡献最大。H2O2用量由4%增加至6%时认为木素对污染物负荷贡献最大。此外,建立了H2O2用量、制浆得率和纸浆白度与CODCr、BOD5发生量之间相关数学表达式,通过对这些影响因子和数学表达式的相关系数进行优化,可以通过H2O2用量(%)来对漂白废水中污染物负荷进行测算。     

烟草气候斑病的发生及防治研究

烟草气候斑病的发生与气象、品种及栽培条件有密切的关系。低温多雨雷电交加的天气比一般天气病害重,国外引进品种比我国新育成品种病害重,Ｋ３２６ 比ＮＣ８９、中烟９０ 病害重,水田烟比旱地烟病害重,施钾少氮钾比失调比施钾多氮钾比协调病害重,已感染黄瓜花叶病毒和早花的烟株比健壮烟株病害重。在供试１８ 种药剂中,以代森锌的防治效果最好。所组装的综合防治措施已初步推广应用。     

绿盲蝽在葡萄上的危害特点及综合防治

对绿盲蝽在葡萄上的发生、为害特点及综合防治措施进行了调查。结果表明:早春是绿盲蝽防治的关键时期,大面积统一防治最有效;绿盲蝽对不同葡萄品种为害存在差异,欧亚种为害重,欧美杂交种相对较轻;同一植株下部新梢比上部新梢受害重;对葡萄的为害呈阶段性发生。     

再谈葡萄冻害发生原因与防止措施

2001年,笔者对葡萄冻害发生原因与防止措施曾谈过粗浅看法(见2001年《烟台果树》第1期)。时过2年,冻害仍有发生并呈愈演愈烈之势,越来越影响了我省葡萄生产。2002年12月,我地区又出现了突然急剧降温天气,使没有下架埋土的葡萄再次遭受了严重冻害,轻者枯枝死芽,重者整株死亡,颗粒无收。为避免冻害的继续发生,笔者结合多年的生产实践及发现的新问题再谈几点看法,以引起重视。1 葡萄发生冻害的原因1.1 连续多年的暖冬天气,使果农产生麻痹侥幸思想有些果农错误地认为葡萄不埋土照样能越冬。因此,修剪后较为重视者便匆匆在行间胡乱取土,草率地…     

Aflatoxins in food: occurrence, biosynthesis, effects on organisms, detection, and methods of control

Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by species of Aspergilli, specifically Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. These molds are ubiquitous in nature and grow on a variety of substrates, thereby producing aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are of great concern due to their biochemical and biological effects on living organisms. In this article, the occurrence of aflatoxins, their biosynthesis, factors influencing their production, their effects on living organisms, and methods of detection and control in food are reviewed. Future areas of research involving mathematical modeling of factors influencing aflatoxin production and alternative methods of control, such as modified atmosphere packaging, are also discussed.     

Effects of Flavourzyme on Yield and Some Biological Activities of Mungoong, an Extract Paste from the Cephalothorax of White Shrimp

ABSTRACT:  The use of Flavourzyme as a processing aid for the production of Mungoong, an extract paste from the cephalothorax of white shrimp, and its effect on biological activities were investigated. Flavourzyme increased the yield of Mungoong. Mungoong prepared from raw cephalothorax with the addition of 0.15% or 0.30% (w/w) Flavourzyme showed higher yields than those prepared from the cooked counterpart with a higher formal content and nitrogen solubility index when the same levels of Flavourzyme were used ( P  < 0.05). Higher ammonia and amino nitrogen contents were also observed in Mungoong prepared with the aid of Flavourzyme, particularly for the raw cephalothorax ( P  < 0.05). All Mungoong contained protein as the major constituent. For antioxidative activity, Mungoong prepared from raw cephalothorax with 0.15% Flavourzyme (Mungoong RF 15) exhibited the highest antioxidative activity as evidenced by the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities as well as ferric reducing antioxidant power, compared with other samples. Additionally, angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory activity was greater in Mungoong produced with the aid of Flavourzyme, regardless of processes used ( P  < 0.05).