基于有限状态机的供应链订单处理流程研究

在分析供应链订单处理流程的基础上，定义了两种代理——协调代理和资源代理，并把供应链订单分解-匹配过程映射为一个由多个代理组成的实时控制过程；接着定义了代理的会话类，最后采用有限状态机模型描述会话类的会话规则。     

供应链网络的Agent仿真建模与其知识库构建研究

针对多级参与者相互影响的供应链网络,构建基于Agent的通用智能仿真建模平台及其知识库。提出了仿真平台体系结构和知识推理流程,根据供应链成员的运作过程设计了基本业务Agent类和仿真基础Agent类,来支持用户快速建立多级供应链网络的仿真模型。同时,对其角色特征和行为规则进行分析,结合博弈决策模型、生产运作流程等现有供应链研究理论和模型,构建Agent行为决策知识库,从而赋予Agent类行为知识推理能力。最终利用JADE和Jess构建了仿真建模平台及其知识库,并通过实例说明了该构建方法可行。     

考虑批量订货成本的最优JIT订货与生产策略

由于增大单次订单量会降低企业订货灵活性,为此引入批量订货成本来衡量采购商从下达订单到收货期间所面临的与订货批量相关的风险成本。采购商通过综合权衡订货成本、运输成本、库存成本以及批量订货成本,从而得出合理的最优订货批量。基于由采购商和供应商组成的供应链,首先在JIT批量分解模式下,研究考虑批量订货成本后,集中式决策和分散式决策下的最优订货和生产策略。由于分散式决策下一方利益最大化时的最优决策常常是另一方无法接受的,进而分析了上下游企业间的不同议价能力,给出了双方均可接受的订货与生产策略。     

延期付款对供应链经济订货批量及碳排放的影响

针对单制造商与单零售商构成的二级供应链,构建了碳限额与交易机制下嵌入延期付款策略的供应链订货经济批量模型。界定了制造商允许零售商延期付款并提供免息账期的三种延期付款策略。探讨了不同延期付款策略对经济订货批量、供应链碳排放及成本的影响。研究发现,零售商经济订货批量随延期付款时间的增加而增加;通过优化运输计划,延期付款策略可降低供应链碳排放,有助于改善供应链环境绩效;延期付款策略可降低供应链总成本,但造成了零售商和制造商成本负担不平衡;制造商可以通过增加二部收费契约下的固定费用进一步降低供应链总成本,且可以协调供应链成本负担不平衡;在二部收费契约下,延期付款可作为一种有效的碳减排策略,既实现对供应链经济绩效的提高又实现对供应链环境绩效的改善。     

产品与供应链匹配对企业绩效的影响研究

依据需求波动、预测难易性、变动复杂度、产品创新等指标得分,将产品划分为功能性和创新性两类,依据战略目标、合作关系、柔性、反应速度等指标得分,把供应链划分为效率型和反应型两种类型.结合产品和供应链匹配理论建立其对企业绩效影响的理论假设,对回收的111家企业调研问卷采用独立样本T检验方法进行分析.发现产品和供应链相匹配企业...     

订单驱动下的制造业供应链管理研究

传统的以产品为导向的制造业供应链管理已经不适应市场经济的发展,向市场提供能满足顾客需求的各类产品成为制造业生产经营的目标。代表顾客需求的订单成为制造业生产经营和管理的源头和终点。本文分析了制造业供应链管理存在的问题,介绍了订单驱动的制造业内部和外部供应链管理思想和方法。     

基于供应链的大量定制生产计划原型系统

分析了大量定制模式下的BOM设计、订单处理模式和分层的生产计划,研究了基于供应链面向大量定制的生产计划原型系统MC—P及需求管理、生产计划与控制以及物流管理各子系统的功能设计与数据流程;最后总结了MC—P系统的特点。     

企业内部利益相关者、资源承诺与绿色供应链管理绩效关系

以珠三角地区108家制造型企业为研究对象,对内部利益相关者、资源承诺和绿色供应链管理绩效之间的关系进行实证研究.将资源承诺划分为财务资源和IT资源两个维度,将绿色供应链管理绩效划分为环境绩效和经济绩效两个维度.实证结果表明,内部利益相关者对资源承诺的两个维度有显著的正向影响,且资源承诺的两个维度均对环境绩效和经济绩效均有显著的正向影响;不同规模的企业在资源承诺方面有显著的差异;在绿色供应链管理绩效方面,不同规模的企业在环境绩效上有显著差异,但经济绩效并不存在显著差异性.根据上述实证研究的结论,从宏观和微观角度提出了相关建议.     

市场需求预测偏差下供应链协调

分两阶段研究了产品市场需求预测存在偏差情况下供应链协调问题。第一阶段，给出市场需求预测下的最优生产批量；第二阶段，首先给出需求预测偏差下的最优供给批量和供应链整体最考掣润，然后提出一种使供应链整体最大利润得以实现的协调机制。最后给出算例加以说明。     

供应链运作风险影响供应链绩效的实证研究

从实证研究的角度研究了供应链运作风险对供应链绩效的影响.将供应链运作风险归纳为供应风险、需求风险、制造过程风险和信息风险四类,选择供应链可靠性、柔性、服务质量和财务绩效四个变量描述供应链绩效,构建了一个反映二者关系的概念模型.通过对国内制造业企业的问卷调研,利用结构方程模型软件LISREL8.70对模型进行了统计检验,得到了研究结果.研究结果表明:制造过程风险和信息风险对供应链绩效有显著的直接影响;供应风险和需求风险对供应链绩效无显著的直接影响,但通过与制造过程风险和信息风险的相关关系间接影响供应链绩效.研究结论为制造企业实际的供应链风险管理提供理论借鉴.     

Absorptive and desorptive capacity configurations in supply chains: An inverted U-shaped relationship

The extant literature has highlighted the importance of knowledge transfer between a buyer and its supply network for strengthening supply chain competence. This is a bi-directional exchange where the buyer and supply network each act as the sender and receiver of knowledge. Prior research has however largely focused on the knowledge recipient only. We consider both sender and recipient using two key dynamic capabilities related to knowledge transfer: (i) desorptive capacity, which enables the safe transfer of knowledge from the sender; and, (ii) absorptive capacity, which enables the acquisition and assimilation of external knowledge by the recipient. Using the concept of ‘fit’, we investigate whether organisations strengthen supply chain competence when their desorptive capacity exceeds that of their supply network's (positive misfit) and consider the moderating role of the organisation’s and supply network’s absorptive capacity. Multiple regression analysis of survey data from 250 firms identifies an inverted U-shaped relationship between positive desorptive capacity misfit and supply chain competence. Further, this relationship is shown to be moderated by the supply network’s absorptive capacity level. The paper furthers our understanding of supply chain knowledge management enabling buyers and their supply networks to achieve more successful knowledge transfer outcomes.     

基于Agent的供应链运作仿真技术的研究

在给多个智能代理分别赋予生产运作的各种知识，如库存管理、生产计划等之后．通过多个智能代理协同合作，对供应链中企业的生产运作过程进行仿真。在研究该仿真系统的智能代理的内部任务、结构、多代理通讯机制等实现技术基础上，实现了该系统，并给出了一个供应链仿真的结果。     

A multi-agent system for chemical supply chain simulation and management support

Modern chemical production is customer-driven and the desired delivery time for the products is often shorter than their campaign length. In addition, the raw materials supplying time is often long. These features make it desirable to provide tools to support collaborative supply chain decision making, preferably over the Internet, and where there are conflicts, compromise decisions can be quickly reached and the effects of the decisions can be quantitatively simulated. This paper des cribes such a multi-agent system (MAS) that can be used to simulate the dynamic behaviour and support the management of chemical supply chains over the Internet. Geographically distributed retailers, logistics, warehouses, plants and raw material suppliers are modelled as an open and re-configurable network of co-operative agents, each performing one or more supply chain functions. Communication between agents is made through the common agent communication language KQML (knowledge query message language). A t the simulation layer, the MAS allows distributed simulation of the chain behaviour dynamically, so that compromise decisions can be rapidly and quantitatively evaluated. Because in a chemical supply chain the scheduling of the plant often dominates the chain performance, an optimum scheduling system for batch plants is integrated into the MAS. The functions of the system are illustrated by reference to a case study for the supply and manufacture using a multi-purpose batch plant of paints and coatings.     

Intangible capital,knowledge and new product development competence in supply chains: process,interaction and contingency effects among SMEs

Leveraging the strengths of a firm’s supply chain partners for new product development (NPD) has become essential to satisfy rapidly changing customer demands and to remain competitive. Firms are, therefore, aiming to further their NPD competence, which we define as the ability of the supply chain to improve and generate new products and services, based on the processes and relationships established with suppliers and customers. This study examines how intangible capital and knowledge further the development of NPD competence within the context of a supply chain. A theoretical model, based upon resource-advantage theory, is tested via structural equation modelling utilising survey data collected from 195 small- and medium-sized enterprises in the manufacturing industry reporting on their primary supply chain. Our findings indicate that more easily transferable capital manifests itself in explicit knowledge and less easily transferable capital manifests itself in tacit knowledge. We further identify complementarities of the two types of intangible capital as influencing knowledge type development. More importantly, we find that the two types of knowledge differ in their ability to influence NPD competence in the supply chain, and that these links are moderated by relationship length. Supply chain management implications for academics and practitioners are presented.     

基于博弈论的知识链成本分摊研究

首先提出应用只有3个参与者合作博弈的核仁的求解方法来对知识链的成本进行分摊的思想。通过对串-并联和并-串联结构的分析,指出提高知识链的稳定性,应采用并-串联式结构,从而为应用只有3个参与者的合作博弈进行成本分摊垫定基础。进而指出成本分摊的第一步,即先在"供应"、"生产"、"销售"3个环节上分配成本。然后重复应用专家调查法,对同一环节上的成员逐层分解,并同时在各层上分摊成本。最后,应用一个算例具体说明了如何求解只有3个参与者的合作博弈的核仁,从而进行成本分摊。     

Learning and screening errors in an EPQ inventory model for supply chains with stochastic lead time demands

This paper investigates the role of variable lead time, learning in production and screening errors in a vendor–buyer supply chain with defective items. The vendor–buyer supply chain is modelled for supplying a single item considering that the lots from vendor may contain some defective items. It is assumed that demand during lead time follows a normal distribution. Moreover, the production time at vendor’s facility is assumed to follow learning whereas buyer’s screening for defective items is prone to errors as well. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the impact of different variables in the model. The analysis shows that delay in transportation lead time forces the buyer to carry more inventories to avoid shortages. Further, Type I error has a major impact on this cost. It was found that learning in production keeps on reducing the total cost of the supply chain up to a threshold.     

Automated targeting model for aggregate planning in production and energy supply chains

Aggregate planning aims to maximize profit for a supply chain while satisfying its demand. In this work, the automated targeting model (ATM) that was originally developed for resource conservation network is extended for use in aggregate planning for production and energy supply chains. The ATM is an optimization framework that is based on the insight-based technique of pinch analysis, with the philosophy in setting target(s) ahead of detailed planning. Being an optimization framework, the ATM offers other advantages than conventional pinch analysis technique by incorporating more case-specific constraints, and is able to handle more complex optimization problems. Three literature examples and an industrial polymer production case study are solved to show the robustness of ATM.     

University institutional repositories: competitive environment and their role as communication media of scientific knowledge

Are institutional repositories mere warehouses for digital documents or are they in fact establishing themselves as a rigorous option for the spread of scientific knowledge? This study analyses the competitive environment of the Top100 university repositories, defined as leaders in terms of market participation and penetration. The study also analyses the basic functionalities of preservation and diffusion of academic production through factors related to the prestige of the repositories and of the institutions that operate them. The results show that repositories with a larger digital academic supply are associated with the production of demonstrated scientific rigor.     

考虑强势下游企业持股弱势上游企业的供应链决策与协调

在随机需求环境下,考虑由一个上游企业和一个下游企业构成的分散化供应链,其中下游企业较上游企业强势,并持有上游企业的股份。首先,通过构建并求解由下游企业的采购价格决策和上游企业的产量决策构成的博弈模型,得到了供应链的最优决策。分析发现,分散化供应链中的最优产量随着下游企业对上游企业的持股比例增加而增加,但总是低于集中化供应链中的最优产量。然后,通过引入由价格补贴策略和收益分享策略构成的组合策略设计了协调机制,并指出所设计协调机制可使上下游企业实现双赢。最后,对下游企业的持股策略进行了讨论。     

Improving the design phase through interorganisational product knowledge models

This paper focuses on the use of interorganisational knowledge models with the purpose of standardising engineer-to-order (ETO) products. Such product variant reductions can lead to decreased costs for both the ETO company and its suppliers without reducing sales. In spite of the attention that supply chain integration has received in the literature, supply chain integration with a focus on the integration of product knowledge in ETO companies and their suppliers has not received much attention. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to define this type of supply chain integration. The concept is investigated by a case study, which supports the claim that supply chain product knowledge integration is an approach for increasing the competitiveness of ETO companies and their suppliers. Given the gap in the literature, the paper may potentially open a new horizon for studying supply chain integration.