利用水平热壁CVD法生长的3C-SiC/Si的均匀性

利用新改进的水平低压热壁CVD设备,改变生长时的压力和H2流速,在50mm的Si(100)和(111)衬底上获得了3C-SiC外延膜,并对外延膜的结构均匀性、电学均匀性和厚度均匀性进行了分析.X射线衍射图中出现了强的3C-SiC的特征峰,其中3C-SiC的(200)和(111)峰的半高宽分别为0.41°和0.21°.3C-SiC外延膜方块电阻的均匀性最好可达2.15%.厚度均匀性可达±5.7%(σ/mean值).     

多片垂直HWLPCVD系统生长的3C-SiC异质外延膜的研究

文章报道了利用我们自主研发的垂直多片HWLPCVD系统,在Si(100)衬底上获得的3C-SiC异质外延膜的最新结果。多片HWLPCVD系统最多可容纳3个直径为50mm的晶片,托盘可旋转。实验系统研究了3C-SiC外延膜的片内和片间均匀性,包括结晶质量,厚度和电学特性。片内厚度和方块电阻均匀性（标准差/平均值）最好可达3.40%和5.37%,片间厚度和方块电阻均匀性最好可达4.00%和4.24%。     

可用于Ⅲ族氮化物生长的50mm 3C-SiC/Si(111)衬底的制备

利用新研制出的垂直式低压CVD(LPCVD)SiC生长系统,获得了高质量的50mm 3C-SiC/Si(111)衬底材料.系统研究了3C-SiC的n型和p型原位掺杂技术,获得了生长速率和表面形貌对反应气体中SiH4流量和C/Si原子比率的依赖关系.利用Hall测试技术、非接触式方块电阻测试方法和SIMS,分别研究了3C-SiC的电学特性、均匀性和故意调制掺杂的N浓度纵向分布.利用MBE方法,在原生长的50mm 3C-SiC/Si(111)衬底上进行了GaN的外延生长,并研究了GaN材料的表面、结构和光学特性.结果表明3C-SiC是一种适合于高质量无裂纹GaN外延生长的衬底或缓冲材料.     

HWE生长条件对CdTe/Si薄膜结构特性的影响

研究了热壁外延(HWE)生长条件对Si(100)衬底上沉积外延的多晶CdTe薄膜的晶粒尺寸和取向的影响.用SEM和XRD技术分析了不同外延时间、不同衬底温度及不同源温下外延膜的表面形貌和结构特征.SEM发现随着外延时间的增加或衬底温度的提高,晶粒尺寸明显增大;XRD显示所有的外延薄膜均为面心立方结构,并高度显示优势取向(111),且随着衬底温度或薄膜厚度的增加,(111)峰的衍射强度增加,显示薄膜的择优取向更好.其原因是面心立方结构中,(111)表面具有的表面自由能最低.通过对不同外延时间下薄膜厚度的测试发现,薄膜具有加速生长趋势.衬底温度及源温对外延层厚度均有较大的影响.     

Si衬底上外延3C-SiC薄层的XPS分析

采用HFCVD技术,通过两步CVD生长法,以较低生长温度,在Si(111)和Si(100)衬底上同时外延生长3C-SiC获得成功.生长源气为CH4+SiH4+H2混合气体,热丝温度约为2000℃,碳化和生长时基座温度分别为950℃和920℃,用X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等分析手段研究了外延层的晶体结构、组分及化学键能随深度的变化.XRD结果显示出3C-SiC薄层的外延生长特征,XPS深度剖面图谱表明薄层中的组分主要为Si和C,且Si/C原子比符合SiC的理想化学计量比,其三维能谱曲线进一步证明了外延层中Si2p和与Cls成键形成具有闪锌矿结构的3C-SiC.     

化学气相沉积4H-SiC同质外延膜的生长及其特征

采用常压化学气相沉积(APCVD)方法在偏向<11-20>晶向8°的p型4H-SiC(0001)Si-面衬底上进行同质外延生长.霍尔测试的结果表明,非有意掺杂的外延膜层导电性为n型.XRD测试显示各个样品只在位于2θ=35.5°附近出现一个谱峰,表明外延膜是SiC单晶.在低温PL谱中,对于在较低温度下外延生长的4H-SiC样品,在1.8～2.4eV范围内出现很宽的谱峰.而在该样品的Raman谱中,也观察到了典型的3C-SiC的特征峰,表明该样品含有立方相SiC的混晶,这与PL谱获得的结果相吻合.     

化学气相沉积4H-SiC同质外延膜的生长及其特征

采用常压化学气相沉积(APCVD)方法在偏向<11-20>晶向8°的p型4H-SiC(0001)Si-面衬底上进行同质外延生长.霍尔测试的结果表明,非有意掺杂的外延膜层导电性为n型.XRD测试显示各个样品只在位于2θ=35.5°附近出现一个谱峰,表明外延膜是SiC单晶.在低温PL谱中,对于在较低温度下外延生长的4H-SiC样品,在1.8～2.4eV范围内出现很宽的谱峰.而在该样品的Raman谱中,也观察到了典型的3C-SiC的特征峰,表明该样品含有立方相SiC的混晶,这与PL谱获得的结果相吻合.     

Si上外延的n型3C-SiC欧姆接触研究

用LPCVD在Si(111)上异质外延了n型3C-SiC,并在所外延的3C-SiC上蒸发Au/Ti,通过不同温度下的RTA(快速热退火)形成欧姆接触。用两种不同的传输线模型对Ti/3C-SiC欧姆接触的ρc(比接触电阻率)进行测量,在750°C退火后Ti/3C-SiC的ρc达到了最低值为3.68×10-5Ω·cm2,这满足了应用的要求。AES分析结果还表明由于Ti的氧化,更高温度下的退火会使ρc增大。     

无掩模硅图形衬底上3C-SiC的异质外延生长

采用低压化学气相沉积方法在无掩模的硅图形衬底上异质外延生长3C-SiC.硅图形衬底采用光刻和ICP刻蚀得到.图形由平行长条状沟槽和台面组成,其中沟槽宽度为1～10μm不同间隔,沟槽之间距离为1～10μm不同间隔.对于在不同的沟槽和台面尺寸区域3C-SiC的生长进行了详细研究.采用扫描电镜分别观察了不同区域的生长形貌,分析了图形衬底结构上SiC的生长行为.其中合并生长形成的空气隙结构可以释放由Si和SiC晶格失配引起的应力,从而可以用来解决SiC生长中的晶片翘曲问题,进行厚膜生长.XRD结果表明此无掩模硅图形衬底上得到3C-SiC(111)取向生长.     

6H-SiC衬底上异质外延3C-SiC薄膜的结构研究

以SiH4和C3H8为反应源,在1250℃下,采用低压热壁化学气相淀积法在6H-SiC衬底上异质外延生长了3C-siC薄膜.扫描电镜和原子力显微镜测试结果显示,样品表面光滑、无明显岛状结构物质.剖面透射电镜照片显示SiC外延层致密均匀、界面平整,厚度约为50nm.高分辨透射电镜结果显示,衬底与外延层分别为排列整齐的6H-SiC结构和3C-SiC结构,两者过渡平坦、界面处无其他晶型.选区电子衍射花样标定结果再次说明外延薄膜为闪锌矿结构的3C-SiC,计算的晶格常数为0.4362nm.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.