A/O体积比对BAF前置反硝化工艺性能的影响

基于A/O法的BAF前置反硝化脱氮工艺同时具有A/O工艺和BAF工艺的优点,试验考察了4种A/O体积比(n)对生活污水中COD、氨氮及总氮去除效果的影响.研究结果表明,COD的去除率与n呈正相关;同时该工艺具有很强的硝化和脱氮性能,其出水氨氮和总氮均能达到域镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB 18918-2002)的一级A标准;当n为2/3时,该工艺对氨氯和总氮的去除率均达到最佳,分别为92.7%和70.4%;此外,在回流比为150%,进水流量为16.5L·h~(-1),气水体积比为4:1～6:1,水温为19.5～26.5℃的条件下,O段对TN的去除率72%,发生同步硝化反硝化现象.     

前置缺氧A~2O工艺脱氮贡献的定量研究

前置缺氧A2O工艺增加了前置区对污泥中硝酸盐的去除,构成了系统中TN去除的重要途径。本研究以昆山市北区污水处理厂为例,定量研究了系统脱氮途径和贡献。研究表明,系统总氮的去除主要发生在前置缺氧区和传统缺氧区,脱氮贡献分别占51%、42%;前置缺氧区硝酸盐平均去除量132kg/d,实际去除率81.5%;缺氧区反硝化不足,内回流过剩,建议内回流比控制在150%。前置缺氧区是系统脱氮的重要途径,必须权衡与缺氧区脱氮的关系以保证出水TN达标。     

前置反硝化BAF工艺处理微污染景观河水的试验研究

采用前置反硝化曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺处理微污染景观河水.结果表明,试验期间在水力负荷为0.64m3·m-2·h-1的情况下,BAF处理微污染景观河水的较佳工况为:非曝气与曝气区的体积比为1∶1、气水体积比为5∶1、体积回流比为300％,对CODMn的平均去除率为83.7％、氨氮的平均去除率为91.5％、总氮的平均去除率为72％、总磷的平均去除率为61％.     

A~2/O-BAF组合工艺对生活污水脱氮除磷的影响研究

以生活污水为研究对象,重点考察了A2/O-BAF组合工艺的脱氮除磷特性。试验结果表明,该工艺可以实现有机物、氮、磷的同步深度去除,出水水质满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级标准中A标准;COD、NH4+-N和TP的去除率与内循环回流比之间没有明显的相关性;曝气生物滤池对氨氮的硝化效率接近100%;在4种不同的内循环回流比条件下,出水TN分别为20.6、14.5、8.2和7.8 mg.L-1,TN的去除率分别为66.1%、76.0%、86.5%和87.1%,TN的去除率随着内循环回流比的增大呈增大趋势;当内循环回流比为200%、300%和400%时,TN去除率的增大幅度呈递减规律;系统中存在着明显的反硝化除磷现象,且内循环回流比增大有利于反硝化除磷。     

前置+后置反硝化滤池强化脱氮效果研究

通过中试实验研究了三级组合生物滤池强化脱氮效果,考察了第二级好氧滤柱回流比对工艺前置反硝化的影响,第三级滤池外加碳氮比对后置反硝化强化脱氮效果的影响。结果表明,在进水流量为0.5 m~3/h,水温为18℃左右,第二级好氧滤柱气水比为3:1时,在回流比为100%时,前置反硝化脱氮能达最佳效果,TN去除率为54.07%,出水TN浓度平均值为19.94 mg/L,不同回流比下,COD、NH_4~+-N均有较高去除率。为进行强化脱氮,在第三级缺氧滤柱前投加碳源,碳氮比为7:1时,第三级对TN去除率为40.7%,出水TN平均值为11.84 mg/L。三级组合生物滤池结合前置和后置反硝化工艺对TN有很好的去除效果,稳定运行后,系统对TN平均去除率达到72.96%。     

活性污泥法+后置反硝化BAF处理电镀污水厂物化出水中试

针对某电镀污水处理厂物化出水,采用活性污泥法+后置反硝化曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺进行脱氮深度处理中试研究,结果表明,活性污泥法单元COD和NH3-N平均去除率分别达49.37%和69.30%。反硝化BAF单元NO_3~--N和TN平均去除率分别达90.47%和60.42%,出水NO_3~--N的质量浓度基本在10 mg/L以内;停留时间对反硝化BAF脱氮效果影响不大,43 min出水时NO_3~--N容积负荷可达1.5 kg/(m3·d);去除单位氮(N)的碳源消耗量和碱度增加量与理论值相近,反硝化BAF运行成本(碳源部分)为0.41元/t,折合去除每10 mg/L的N运行成本较低,为0.08元/t左右。     

不同回流比对UBAF脱氮性能的影响

对上向流曝气生物滤池(UBAF)前置反硝化工艺处理城市污水的脱氮性能进行了试验研究,探讨了在不同回流比下,系统对COD、TN、NH3-N的去除效果。试验结果表明:当回流比从100%增加到300%时,对COD和NH3-N的去除率有着缓慢的增加,但当回流比增加到400%时,COD和NH3-N的去除率开始下降;回流比对TN的去除影响显著,在一定范围内增大回流比有利于TN的去除,当回流比为200%时,对TN的去除效果最好;在最佳回流比200%下,系统对COD、NH3-N和TN平均去除率分别为92.53%、93.50%和79.79%,出水COD、NH3-N和TN的平均质量浓度分别为17.70、2.12和11.36 mg/L,均能达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级标准。     

前置反硝化曝气生物滤池处理低浓度生活污水

在水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)为1 h和2 h、气水比为5:1、回流比为100%的条件下,考察了前置反硝化曝气生物滤池工艺对低浓度生活污水的处理效果,并研究了反冲洗对该工艺去除效果的影响。试验结果表明:当HRT为2 h时,前置反硝化曝气生物滤池对低浓度生活污水中COD、NH_4~+-N和TN的平均去除率分别为70%、91%和53%,当HRT降至1 h时,COD、NH_4~+-N和TN平均去除率分别降低12%、34%和20%。在反冲洗后2～3 h,该工艺能恢复到正常处理水平。     

改良型多级A/O-MBR组合工艺对低C/N比生活污水的强化除磷

采用多级厌氧/耗氧膜生物反应器（A/O-MBR）组合工艺对低C/N比生活污水进行处理时,存在总磷（TP）处理不达标的问题。通过改变污泥回流位置并增加内回流的改良型多级A/O-MBR组合工艺强化除磷,探究该工艺对低C/N比生活污水中TP的去除效果,并通过污泥静态分析研究其污泥反硝化除磷机理。结果表明,改良型多级A/O-MBR组合工艺对TP去除效果良好,平均去除率达到了86.36%,同时对化学需氧量（COD）、总氮（TN）及氨氮去除效果良好,均达到一级A排放标准。该工艺提高了聚磷菌及反硝化聚磷菌的比例,有效强化了对TP的去除。     

前置反硝化BAF工艺处理生活污水的脱氮试验研究

应用前置反硝化BAF工艺对生活污水进行试验研究,结果表明水力负荷对该工艺处理效果影响显著。在A段与O段体积比1：2、气水比3：1、回流比200％的条件下。最佳水力负荷为2．80m^3／（m^2·h）,此时COD去除率在90％左右,NH4^＋-N去除率大于85％,总脱氮率大于70％：出水COD小于30mg／L,NH4^＋-N小于5mg／L,TN小于15mg／L：同时发现回流比对系统TN去除效果影响较大。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.