国家重点科技攻关计划专题 “日产千吨级反渗透海水淡化系统及工程技术开发” “新型高脱盐反渗透复合膜关键技术”通过鉴定验收

由国家海洋局杭州水处理中心承担的国家重点科技攻关计划专题“日产千吨级反渗透海水淡化系统及工程技术开发 ( 96- A1 3- 0 1 - 0 7)”、“新型高脱盐反渗透复合膜关键技术 ( 96- A1 3- 0 1 - 0 1 )”于 2 0 0 1年 2月 2 7日在山东省长岛县由山东省科技厅、国家海洋局主持通过了专家鉴定、验收。这两专题的完成标志着我国具有自主知识产权的反渗透海水淡化专有技术及产业、高性能反渗透复合膜组件制作技术及产业的形成。“日产千吨级反渗透海水淡化系统及工程技术开发”是继 1 997年“50 0吨 /天反渗透海水淡化示范工程”后我国首次自行设…     

以高矿化度地下水为水源的净水厂工程

乌海市某净水厂以地下水为水源,原水具有高矿化度、高硬度等特点。净水厂采用"机械澄清池+多介质过滤器+内压式超滤+反渗透"组合工艺对原水进行净化处理,并采用反渗透产水与超滤产水勾兑的形式降低反渗透设备投资。净水厂供水规模为1.4万m3/d,产水水质达到《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)要求,反渗透浓水送往园区污水厂实现零排放处理。     

电化学-膜分离法组合工艺深度处理化工废水中水研究

为有效处理利用化工企业废水，实现工业废水“零排放”。本研究采用了电化学-膜分离的组合工艺对化工企业排放的中水进行深度处理，并比较了电化学-微滤-反渗透，超滤-两级反渗透组合工艺对化工企业废水深度处理效果，来获得最优化的“零排放”工艺组合。结果发现，电化学-微滤-反渗透组合工艺对于COD、TN、TP的去除效果与超滤-反渗透-反渗透组合工艺大致相当，COD去除率皆接近100%。通过对不同处理工艺的三维荧光光谱分析发现，电化学-微滤-反渗透组合工艺去除的有机物的主要组分为蛋白质类物质以及腐殖酸类物质。综合不同工艺的处理效能，电化学-微滤-反渗透组合工艺可获得较高品质的出水，实现化工废水近零排放。     

纳滤-反渗透分离膜处理水性漆废液中COD的研究

针对某整车厂涂装车间产生的高浓度水性漆废液,经混凝预处理后,采用纳滤-反渗透工艺进行处理。膜处理过程采用纳滤-反渗透二级膜处理,使COD(化学需氧量)从1.75×10 ⁵ mg/L左右降低到1.10×10 ⁴ mg/L左右,去除率达93.7%。其中,纳滤的COD去除率在25%~31%,反渗透对纳滤进水的COD去除率在85%~93%。通过考察膜通量,比较管式纳滤膜和振动纳滤膜的性能,表明振动膜的处理性能和耐用性高于管式膜。能谱仪(EDS)分析表明,该水性漆为丙烯酸类,且硫化程度较高。     

机械蒸汽压缩技术在马莲河苦咸水淡化中试项目中的应用

采用机械蒸汽压缩(MVC)技术处理反渗透苦咸水淡化工艺产生的浓水。运行结果表明,MVC技术可有效浓缩反渗透产生的浓水,蒸馏水回收率介于66.4%～89.1%之间。蒸馏水中溶解性总固体浓度显著优于GB5749-2006和CJ94-2005的相应标准值。可以有效解决反渗透浓水问题,增加系统的总产水量,并进一步提高综合产水的品质。     

超滤-反渗透双膜法在镇城底矿井水处理系统改造应用

煤矿在采掘过程中会产生大量的矿井水。由于镇城底矿井水处理系统采用传统的絮凝-沉淀-过滤联合处理工艺,经过滤处理后的水质不稳定,达不到排放标准。经研究采用超滤(UF)-反渗透(RO)双膜法对原有的处理系统进行技术改造,该工艺主要以絮凝沉淀池和相互冲洗滤池作为矿井水净化系统的主体,采用超滤-反渗透双膜法作为核心对矿井水进行脱盐处理,并使用污泥浓缩池联合带式压滤机对矿井水中的污泥进行脱泥,通过改造后的矿井水处理系统达到排放标准。     

混凝-反渗透组合工艺处理丙烯酸酯胶粘剂工业废水

以硫酸铝为破乳剂、阳离子型PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)为絮凝剂,采用混凝法对强碱性水性丙烯酸酯胶粘剂工业废水[COD(化学需氧量)为37.90 g/L,pH值为13.1]进行预处理,然后运用反渗透技术对预处理后的废水进行深度处理。考察了破乳剂、絮凝剂以及搅拌时间等对废水预处理效果的影响,同时确定了混凝-反渗透组合工艺的最佳工艺参数。结果表明:常温破乳剂的最佳投料量为28.2 mg/L,絮凝剂最佳投料量为0.24 g/mL,最佳搅拌时间为10 min,反渗透操作温度为30℃、操作压力为0.4 MPa;该工业废水经混凝-反渗透组合工艺处理后,其COD值降至0.069 g/L、COD去除率达99.8%。     

简析垃圾渗滤液反渗透浓缩液处理技术

垃圾渗滤液成分复杂,污染物浓度高且处理后出水水质要求严格。为保证出水达标,反渗透处理技术越来越多地应用于处理垃圾渗滤液。但随之而来带来了新的处理难点-反渗透浓缩液处理。反渗透浓缩液含盐量高且包含极难被生物降解的有机物,处理难度极大。本文将基于当前垃圾渗滤液反渗透浓缩液的特点,系统性分析反渗透浓缩液液典型的处理技术,以对该类废水处理提供技术参考。     

微滤-反渗透在印染废水深度处理回用工程中的应用

为实现工业园区节水减排的目标,对印染废水生化处理出水进行微滤-反渗透深度处理后再利用。工程运行结果显示,连续微滤(CMF)-反渗透系统运行过程中膜通量和产水水质稳定,CMF产水SDI小于2,反渗透产水CODMn的质量浓度小于5 mg/L,电导率小于150μS/cm,满足印染车间染整工艺用水要求。     

渗滤液反渗透浓缩液处理技术研究进展

随着以膜生物反应器(MBR)、纳滤(NF)和反渗透处理(RO)为核心的膜法工艺在渗滤液处理领域的推广应用,作为其副产物的反渗透浓缩液日益引起人们的关注。文章分析并比较了目前几种常用浓缩液处理技术的特点,为该领域的研究学者提供参考。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。