双引纬及多引纬机织物组织的设计方法

为了适应双引纬及多引纬织造的发展需求,根据机织双引纬及多引纬织造的生产要求和机构特点,提出每次引双纬或多纬机织物组织的设计表达方式。该设计方法采用经纱位置图表示织物组织结构,通过经纱相对于各引纬器的位置来反映经纱的开口运动状态,改变了传统上机图的布局,使之符合多眼综丝的生产织造,并由此设计了新的穿综图和纹板图。通过间隔机织物及角联锁织物的设计应用,验证了此设计方法在多层复杂机织组织设计上应用的可行性,对多层复杂机织物的设计和生产有一定的指导作用。     

基于气缸的三维机织增强体织造系统设计

为在经纱方向引入贯穿织物厚度的接结纱从而提升机织增强复合材料层间性能,以三维正交无卷曲机织增强体为对象,设计了一种窄幅三维机织织造系统。采用气缸作为开口、引纬和打纬的主要驱动部件,实现多重综框的独立开口运动与管状多剑杆机构的多层梭口同时引纬运动,并在可编程控制器上实现各机构协调运作,使经纬纱垂直平铺,接结纱与纬纱交织并贯穿织物起到层间约束作用。通过显微镜观察三维机织增强复合材料各个切面(分别沿经纱、纬纱和接结纱),并测量纱线卷曲度、横截面积、组织单元尺寸等关键几何参数。测量结果表明,这种三维机织系统可实现三维正交无卷曲机织增强体的织造。     

碳纤维织物打纬机构国内外发展综述

为了提高织物的产量和质量,了解打纬机构的发展,从织机打纬机构的类型和增加打纬力等方面,介绍连杆式和共轭凸轮式摆动打纬机构及平行打纬机构的优缺点;简述目前各类打纬机构运动学及动力学方面的研究进展。指出:连杆式打纬机构具备结构简单、制造容易、成本低、维护方便等优势,但筘座运动没有静止时间,不利于引纬,在传统低速织机上应用较为普遍;共轭凸轮式打纬机构具备更大的引纬角,筘在后心位置附近停留时间更长,为引纬提供充足的时间,不仅能实现平行打纬,且该机构响应快、输出打纬力充足,在宽幅、高速织机上应用较广,不仅能用于普通单层碳纤维织物织造,而且能满足碳纤维多层及中空织物的生产要求,适用性强。     

碳纤维多层角联机织装备及技术

碳纤维复合材料是航空航天、国家防御、能源、交通、造船、建筑等高技术领域的重要基础材料。＂碳纤维多层角联机织装备及技术研发＂是国家＂十二五＂科技支撑计划＂碳纤维多层织造装备及技术研发＂重点项目子课题。项目重点研究开发碳纤维多轴向经编机及技术、多层角联机织装备及技术和立体管状织造装备及技术,实现碳纤维多轴向织物、多层厚重织物、立体异形织物、管状多层织物等新型复合材料骨架的机械化、自动化、批量化生产,提高碳纤维复合材料产品质量、降低生产成本,提升我国产业用纺织品和复合材料的自主创新能力。     

三维刚性剑杆织机引纬和打纬机构的设计研究

为了合理选择三维刚性剑杆织机引纬和打纬机构的组合形式,织造不同幅宽三维间隔织物,通过对幅宽为100cm织物的三种引纬机构分别在ADAMS平台和Ansoft Maxwell 2D平台上进行建模、仿真设计,由仿真分析可知空间连杆引纬、导杆引纬和电磁引纬不仅能满足引纬的工艺要求,而且各具特点,又针对不同幅宽的间隔机织物,提出了三种不同的引纬和打纬机构,并对三种不同形式的六连杆打纬机构在ADAMS平台上进行了仿真分析与设计。指出:实际设计可根据三维机织物的组织结构和幅宽合理地选用引纬和打纬机构的组合,满足三维间隔机织物要求,拓宽其应用领域。     

碳纤维复合材料织机打纬和引纬机构设计

为了研发织造碳纤维复合材料的剑杆织机,对其中打纬和引剑机构设计问题进行了研究。根据碳纤维的特点,织造时采用平面多连杆机构实现打纬和引纬运动。分析了引纬剑头运动位移与引剑机构中引剑构件相对筘座脚摆角之间的关系,得出,为达到引剑构件相对筘座脚运动要求,引剑机构应为具有2次停歇的往复摆动。根据"惯性"打纬要求,研究了图解法设计平面四连杆打纬机构的方法和步骤。由打纬机构与引剑机构的相位关系,得出,对于1个运动周期,引剑构件需到达3个运动位置(2个位置重合),由这3个位置图解综合出引剑机构的尺度。该设计方法应用于织造碳纤维复合材料的剑杆织机的打纬引剑机构设计,可以得到所有机构尺度。     

三维织机整机虚拟样机的设计研究

介绍几种三维机织物的组织结构,如正交织物、间隔织物、角联锁织物,以及正交织物和角联锁织物的演化形式。对织造这几种织物的三维织机进行虚拟样机设计与仿真研究。通过对织机整机(不包括送经和卷取机构)进行仿真分析可知,开口机构、引纬机构及打纬机构不仅能满足织造三维织物的要求,而且各个机构的运动规律较好,为三维织机的研发提供了有价值的参考。     

异型三向交织平纹织物织造系统设计

根据现有三向交织平纹织物的结构及其织造过程,为简化织造工艺,改良织物性能,提出异型三向交织平纹织物的结构模型,并设计新型45°双向开口织造法.研制异型三向交织平纹织物织造系统,采用伺服电动缸作为45°双向开口机构驱动部件,采用气缸作为引纬、打纬机构的驱动部件,并在单片微控制器上实现了各机构的协调运行.利用ADAMS完成...     

丰田E型开口:最佳的织机开口系统

在 ITMA99上颇受好评的丰田 E型电子开口系统已经投入生产使用 (图 1 )。此种开口系统用于进一步提高高附加值织物和高密织物的质量 ,而这些织物通常情况下是采用消极式凸轮开口机构织造的。据称 ,这种系统比传统开口机构要优越得多。图 1　丰田 E型电子开口系统这种新型开口系统具有以下显著优点 :对于每一页综框的静止角和交叉时间均可单独设定和调节。因此 ,那些开口困难和经纱易松弛的织物就有可能成功织造了。 E型开口系统还能为高密织物提供更佳的打纬运动 ,而且显著提高引纬效率。静止角和交叉时间可以在功能面板上修改 ,从而更容…     

织机打纬与开口机构功能型虚拟样机仿真平台

针对织机的打纬与开口机构,在ADAMS/View环境下开发出了功能型虚拟样机仿真平台。根据平纹织物织造工艺,设计了打纬运动与开口运动的时间配合圆图,由此确定了四连杆打纬机构和六连杆开口机构的初始相位,并对打纬与开口运动进行了联合仿真分析,获得了筘座与综框的运动配合规律曲线,仿真结果验证了配合圆图的正确性,即打纬与开口运动时间配合关系符合平纹织物织造工艺要求。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press