超细涤纶茶巾织物上浆实践

为开发出毛经纱为超细涤纶低弹网络丝、地经纱为涤纶短纤股线和棉单纱的茶巾织物,对该品种的经纱上浆工艺进行了分析,毛经纱上浆采用"重被覆、顾渗透、小伸长、浆膜完整均匀、便于退浆"的工艺原则,地经纱中的棉单纱采用先经筒子上浆后与涤纶短纤股线共同在单浆槽浆纱机上上浆的方法,最终使织机效率达91%,且生产出的茶巾织物手感柔软、吸水性能良好,各项物理性能指标符合使用要求.     

低上浆率织造用浆料的配方设计机制

针对目前纺织企业高上浆率织造的问题,采用不同组分的浆料配方对纯棉经纱进行上浆,系统测试了浆纱的上浆率、回潮率和力学性能,并在实际生产中进行了织造,统计了织造过程中经纱、纬纱断头次数及织造效率。通过研究共混浆料浆膜性能、浆膜的织态结构、浆料组分对浆膜织态结构和浆液相分离的影响,从理论上分析了造成各浆料配方织造效率不同的机制,指出了目前高上浆率织造的原因,提出了低上浆率条件下纯棉经纱织造的浆料配方构成机制,推荐了低上浆率工艺下实现纱线高效率织造的浆料配方,当聚乙烯醇与A115 变性淀粉质量比为37.5：62.5时,可满足低上浆率条件下织造,为印染前处理减轻负荷。     

JD-H浆料的性能研究与应用

探讨JD-H浆料的浆液性能和浆纱性能。对比测试JD-H浆料与常用变性淀粉浆料的浆液和浆膜性能,以JD-H浆料部分或完全替代PVA作为新配方,与原配方浆料浆纱、织造效果进行对比。试验结果表明:JD-H浆料具有良好的黏度稳定性;对纯棉和涤棉的黏着力均较好;浆膜具有一定的断裂强度和优良的断裂伸长率;其BOD5/CODcr≥0.3,符合环保要求。认为:JD-H浆料能够满足实际生产所需,且易于退浆,可部分或完全取代PVA用于细号高密纯棉和涤棉织物经纱上浆,保证织造顺利进行并获得良好的织造效果。     

低上浆率浆料JD-L的应用

探讨JD-L浆料性能和浆纱性能。对比测试了JD-L浆料与普通变性淀粉浆料的浆液、浆膜性能,以JD-L替代PVA作为新配方与原配方浆纱质量、织造效果进行对比。测试结果表明:JD-L浆料浆液对纯棉粗纱黏附性较好,浆膜具有一定的断裂强度和较好的断裂伸长率;JD-L浆料取代PVA作为新配方进行浆纱,上浆率较原配方下降21.15%～54.18%,同时浆纱耐磨伸长满足织造需要,浆纱织机效率可达到90%以上。认为:JD-L能够实现纯棉织物经纱低上浆率上浆,实现无PVA上浆,保证织机效率。     

LCA,LTA共聚浆料的研制与应用

本文合成了两只粘度稳定，成膜性能，退浆性能良好的丙烯酸类共聚浆料ＬＣＡ，ＬＴＡ，并进行了应用试验。在纯棉织物，涤棉织物经纱上浆中使用ＬＣＡ浆料可以部分替代或全部替代ＰＶＡ浆料；在细支高密涤棉织物经纱上浆中，使用ＬＴＡ浆料与接枝淀粉可以全部替代ＰＶＡ浆料，且可以获得理想的浆纱质量和织造效果。     

泡沫上浆与经纱预湿协同工艺的浆纱效果

针对传统上浆方法存在浆料消耗多、能耗高等问题,研究了泡沫上浆-经纱预湿协同上浆新工艺,并将其与传统上浆方法进行了比较。通过对比传统浆纱工艺与经纱预湿-泡沫上浆协同工艺在纱线的质量指标、纱线形态和织造效率上的差异,揭示新工艺方法的优越性。实验结果表明泡沫上浆-经纱预湿浆纱工艺在纱线增强率、减伸率、耐磨提高率、毛羽降低率等质量指标以及织造效率方面与传统浆纱工艺相近,但其上浆率明显低于传统上浆方式,而且在节省蒸汽能耗,降低退浆废水排放量以及节省退浆助剂方面有明显优势。     

毛纺单纱织造的工艺设计与探讨

探讨了毛纺单纱织造工艺流程；重点分析了纯毛单纱上浆条件；比较和确定了浆液配方；制定了浆纱与织造的上机工艺。该工艺基本达到了上浆毛纱毛羽贴伏、强力增大、伸长增加、耐磨增加、织造开口清晰、经纱断头减少、织物浆料易退除等目的。     

变性淀粉的应用实践

多年来,国内经纱上浆多使用原淀粉或PVA作主体浆料,虽然能够基本满足浆纱及织造的需要,但也逐渐暴露出一些问题:(1)原淀粉浆液粘度不稳定,对纤维粘附性较差,浆膜脆硬等。(2)PVA由于再粘性强、浆纱分绞难;织机开口清晰度差,所以三跳、吊经等织疵率高;浆纱粘并较多,好轴率差,并且浆液易结皮,浆斑疵布多;印染退浆难,污染环境;另外,价格较     

毛纺单纱织造的工艺设计与生产

探讨了毛纺单纱织造工艺流程 ,重点分析了纯毛单纱上浆条件 ,比较和确定了浆液配方 ,制定了浆纱与织造的上机工艺 ,达到上浆毛纱毛羽贴伏、强力增大、伸长增加、耐磨增加、织造开口清晰、经纱断头减少、织物浆料易退除的目的 ,为开发轻薄面料提供了有价值的经验     

聚酯浆料与淀粉混合浆的性能测试及配伍研究

为了提升涤纶的上浆效果,降低企业浆纱成本,采用水性聚酯浆料与淀粉以不同配比进行配伍使用。测试浆液体系黏度、黏附力、断裂伸长率及浆膜的水溶速率等指标,对浆液性能及浆膜性能进行比较、分析,对浆纱外观形态进行观察。结果表明:当水性聚酯浆料与淀粉使用配比为40∶60时,浆液性能与纯水性聚酯浆料接近,上浆效果优良;浆膜吸湿率、水溶速率低,有利于浆纱加速退浆,提高生产效率;同时浆纱外观服贴,结构紧密,有利于涤纶上浆。     

涤棉与纯棉经纱上浆的浸透与被覆

 对涤棉与纯棉经纱上浆的浸透与被覆做了分析,通过显微镜上浆纱切片、增强率和减伸率、退浆时间测定实验,证实涤/棉(65/35)经纱上浆易于产生被覆上浆,而纯棉经纱上浆易于形成浸透上浆效果。分析了二者上浆产生差异的根本原因,即纺织材料自身的吸湿性是浸透与被覆的主导因素,并在此实验结论的基础上对涤棉与纯棉经纱上浆的上浆机理及实际应用做了探讨。     

Impact of structural variations in hollow yarn on heat and moisture transport properties of fabrics

The use of hollow/microporous yarns plays an important role in enhancing the thermo‐physiological comfort properties of fabrics. Depending on structural variations in hollow yarn, heat and moisture regulation behaviours of fabrics can be affected significantly. In this study, three types of hollow cotton yarn fabrics, produced by introducing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filament in the core, PVA staple fibres in the blend and PVA filament in doubling with cotton spun yarn, are studied. All three types of pre‐hollow yarns and reference yarns are made with a variation in spinning technique (single roving/double roving) to prepare eight single jersey knitted fabrics. The hollow/microporous structure of the yarn is created by dissolving the PVA fibres using hot washing of the fabrics. On overall evaluation of the fabric’s thermo‐physiological comfort properties, the doubled hollow yarn fabrics are found to be better than other fabrics. In general, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity, wicking and drying properties of all types of hollow yarn fabrics increase after repeated laundering, while air permeability, water vapour permeability and water absorbency of hollow yarn fabrics mostly decrease. In contrast with fabrics made from yarn produced through single roving technique, use of double roving technique only improves fabric water vapour permeability.     

纯纺木棉纱上浆性能初探

针对纯纺木棉纱强力低、毛羽多、耐磨性差,织造困难等问题,对27.8 tex纯纺木棉纱进行上浆处理,以达到改善纱线性能,满足织造工艺的目的。根据木棉纱本身特点,选用酸性变性淀粉和聚乙烯醇(PVA)的混合浆料为主浆料,以浆料的含固率、浆料配比等因素为影响因子,以纱线的增强率、减伸率、毛羽降低率为研究对象,利用正交分析法,讨论浆纱的工艺条件对纱线性能的影响。结果表明：含固率较低易于浆料的渗透,有助于纱线力学性能的提高;一定范围内提高PVA浆料含量有利于纱线各项性能指标的提高,加入少量的PVA0588有助于上浆品质的改善。     

毛/涤混纺纱上浆研究

单经单纬毛织物的兴起,决定了精纺毛/涤混纺纱必须通过浆纱工序.羊毛纤维表面有鳞片层,湿热状态下会产生缩绒现象.毛纱弹性好,但毛羽多、湿强度低、耐热耐碱性差.根据羊毛纤维和纱线的结构、特性,文章分析了毛纱上浆的特点和难点,依据"相似相溶"原理,研究制定了毛/涤混纺纱上浆用浆料及浆料配方,并阐述了上浆条件和主要工艺参数.上浆后,纱线达到了贴伏毛羽、增加耐磨、增强保伸、改善织物织造性能的目的.通过大量实验,测试并分析了浆液性能、浆膜性能和浆纱质量,得出了适用于毛/涤混纺纱上浆的最佳浆料配方.     

新型毛纱热熔浆料的开发

介绍了毛纱上浆对热熔浆料的基本要求，研制了一种适合毛纱上浆的热熔浆料，并对上浆毛纱的各项性能指标进行了测试和比较。     

Investigation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of tufting carpets containing metal composite yarns

In this research, antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) properties of tufting carpets containing metal/texturized polyester composite yarns were investigated. Carpet contains different yarn groups such as pile yarns, ground warps and wefts. Backing fabric’s warp and weft yarns are suitable for gaining antimicrobial activity because of their placement and low usage amount. Thus, textured polyester yarns were commingled with copper, stainless steel metal wires and silver metalized polyamide yarn. Backing fabrics were produced with four different placements by composite yarns. Antibacterial activity tests were applied to carpet samples according to AATCC 100 standard against K. pneumoniae and S. aureus bacteria. AATCC 30 – Part 3 standard was used for determining antifungal activity against A. niger. Results show that the antibacterial activity increases with increasing in the amount of metal composite yarn in unit area. Carpet samples which include copper or metalized silver composite yarn in all warps showed antibacterial activity about 99%. Moreover, antifungal activity can be provided against A. niger when copper and metalized silver composite yarn is used in all warps of carpet samples.     

Recycling of warp size materials and comparison of yarn mechanical properties sized with recycled materials and virgin materials

Warp sizing is an established method for improving the weaveability of textile yarns by coating or impregnating warp yarns with a polymer that improves the efficiency of the weaving operation. Despite its high cost, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) normally shows better adhesion to fibers than other sizing agents like starch which makes it an essential constituent of size liquor recipe. However PVA desized effluent is a major chemical oxygen demand contributor to a textile plant’s primary oxygenation treatment of water operation and being biologically inert and presents a major threat to the environment. Therefore, the recovery and recycling of PVA will not only be cost-effective but will also be eco-friendly. The aim of this research work is to recycle the warp size materials and to study the comparison of yarn mechanical properties sized with recycled materials to the properties of yarn sized with conventional sizing. Ultrafiltration reverse osmosis technology is used for the recovery and recycling of PVA size material. For this purpose, Ne 16/1 and Ne 21/1 carded 100% cotton yarns were used and sized with both conventional sizing recipe and by 50% recycled PVA together with 50% fresh sizing recipe. It was found that yarn sized through recycled PVA sizing recipe has almost the same (slightly lower) mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation and abrasion resistance as compared to yarn sized through conventional sizing recipe.     

合成蛋白质浆料的上浆工艺研究

结合羊毛纤维表层结构及性能分析了毛纱上浆的工艺特点和难点；采用新型合成蛋白质浆料WG—1对毛纱进行了上浆工艺试验。对比测试结果表明毛纱上浆后不仅提高了强力和耐磨性，而且降低了毛羽。     

基于毛羽图像检测的浆纱抗起毛性能评价

为准确检测织造载荷作用前后浆纱的毛羽及有效表征浆纱的抗起毛性能,提出一种基于毛羽量图像检测的浆纱抗起毛性能评价方法.对纯棉14.5 tex的原纱和3种不同上浆率的浆纱,在JN-01浆纱耐磨性能测试仪上模拟织造载荷,并进行不同载荷次数的摩擦起毛实验.起毛后的纱线经图像采集、纱线主干分割、毛羽分割和主摩擦区间定位等处理后,...     

仪纶~(TM)纬平针织物的抗起毛起球性能

本文分别选用环锭纺、赛络纺、赛络紧密纺纺纱工艺,制备了同等纱支的仪纶~(TM)纯纺、仪纶~(TM)/棉(65/35)混纺针织纱线及其纬平针织物,对比测试了纱线性能及其织物抗起毛起球性能。实验结果显示:不同纺纱工艺的仪纶~(TM)针织纱线总体性能相似,赛络紧密纺纱线纱体结构更均匀;赛络纺织物的抗起毛起球性较环锭纺织物高0.5级,赛络紧密纺织物的抗起毛起球性明显好于环锭纺织物;混纺织物的抗起毛起球等级和起球粒数均有所改善。