建筑能耗比例与建筑节能目标

本文从建筑能耗在全国总能耗中的比例、建筑节能的目标值等两个方面,阐述了对我国建筑节能发展战略的观点。作者指出,建筑能耗在总能耗中的比例是经济发展的晴雨表;应该用我国未来能耗限额作为建筑节能的目标值。     

我国建筑能耗数据现状和能耗统计问题分析

"十二五"节能工作的重点将进一步转向建筑领域,而深化建筑节能工作需要建筑能耗数据的有力支撑。通过调研我国建筑能耗数据现状,发现尚未有权威的能够满足建筑节能分析需要的能耗数据,现有的能源消费统计方法也制约了建筑能耗统计数据的科学获得。本文回顾了当前建筑能耗数据的主要获得方法,分析了建筑能耗统计中存在的主要问题,提出了完善建筑能耗统计的初步建议。     

建筑节能

中国的建筑高能耗在建筑产业界、能源业界引发深层次的思考。本文力图从根本上论述建筑节能的重要性和节能方法。     

广州地区建筑围护结构能耗分析

分析总结出广州地区建筑围护结构中不透明部分、半透明部分(玻璃窗)和朝向三个因素对建筑整体能耗的影响规律:围护结构中半透明部分比不透明部分的建筑整体能耗大,东西朝向比南北朝向的建筑能耗大。     

建筑节能与设计

本文论述了国内外建筑节能的发展及现状，重点针对目前我国南方建筑普遍存在的忽视建筑节能，阐述了南方建筑节能的必要性和迫切性，提出必须从设计开始，将建筑节能作为一项重要的内容加以考虑。并对建筑节能的有效途径进行了探讨。     

北京市住宅小区建筑全年能耗分析

通过对北京市某住宅小区全年能耗,按不同能源种类进行分项统计分析,研究了住宅建筑全年的能耗构成,为全面掌握北京市住宅建筑全年能耗、探讨北京市住宅建筑的节能潜力与节能途径,提供参考和数据基础.     

建立建筑能耗评估体系的必要性

建筑能耗评估势在必行。建筑节能是我国可持续发展战略的重要组成部分。改革开放以来,各级政府和有识之士都重视此事,并有一系列标准、政策、法规出台,然而至今成效不大。目前全国城镇符合建筑节能标准的建筑不足3％,与发达国家比,我国同等条件下的建筑能耗要高出一倍。目前我国正处在城镇建设的鼎盛时期,据预测,到2015年城镇建筑的50％以上将     

寒冷地区零碳建筑节能技术能耗与经济性研究

采用Energyplus软件对寒冷地区某零碳建筑采用的被动式和主动式节能技术进行能耗模拟,并与基准建筑进行对比,分析其节能效果。结果表明,采用高性能的围护结构及智能化遮阳技术可以明显减少建筑能耗;高效冷热源及新风热回收与太阳能光伏系统的应用也能够进一步降低能耗。在此基础上,对模拟结果进行经济性分析,采用静态投资回收期作为评价指标,得到该零碳建筑在的静态回收期为6.1年,在能源消耗和经济性方面均具有明显的优势。     

上海建筑节能现状与对策

上海建筑节能现状与对策上海市能源研究所倪德良,沈跃栋１上海的建筑能耗建筑能耗指住宅建筑和公共建筑的能耗,建筑施工能耗以及年新增建筑所耗的建材能耗。上海市１９９６年的建筑能耗列于表１。注：以上数据均是通过统计调查和模型推算相结合的方法估算而得的由表１可...     

Applying traditional architectural rules for energy efficiency and lateral structural stiffness to an 80 story tower

This design is intended to revive and utilize fundamental principles of tall buildings into a modern design of an 80-story residential tower in Doha. The main goal in this design is to create an innovative and next generation sustainable tower design specifically for the Middle East by taking advantage of cutting-edge technologies while respecting the traditional way of living that reflects the cultural roots. The design utilizes a vertical exterior cable system which is used as a shading device and contributes significantly to the structural lateral load resistance.     

Decision on optimal building energy efficiency standard in China—The case for Tianjin

This paper investigates the optimal choice of building energy efficiency (BEE) standard in the context of centralised urban district heating system in northern China. By employing a techno-economic analysis approach, we demonstrate that the current BEE standard implemented in the Chinese cities should be tightened further in order to achieve a socially optimal level. Without considering the externality costs associated with carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, current BEE standards need to be upgraded to the equivalent level of French RT2005 standard coupled with a properly designed district coal-fired Combined Heat and Power (CHP). In contrast, the equivalent efficiency standard of Swedish building code is preferably to be implemented in the case of explicit carbon emission restriction as long as the marginal cost of carbon emission (carbon price) is sufficiently high. The fuel-switching policy (from coal to natural gas) in the urban district heating system would result in significant increase in overall costs if the BEE upgrade is not taken into account simultaneously. It is also found that BEE improvements in northern Chinese cities are more cost-effective than investing in low-carbon technologies such as wind power or Carbon Capture and storage in the EU and US with regard to CO₂ emissions mitigation.     

Implementing effect of energy efficiency supervision system for government office buildings and large-scale public buildings in China

The Chinese central government released a document to initiate a task of energy efficiency supervision system construction for government office buildings and large-scale public buildings in 2007, which marks the overall start of existing buildings energy efficiency management in China with the government office buildings and large-scale public buildings as a breakthrough. This paper focused on the implementing effect in the demonstration region all over China for less than one year, firstly introduced the target and path of energy efficiency supervision system, then described the achievements and problems during the implementing process in the first demonstration provinces and cities. A certain data from the energy efficiency public notice in some typical demonstration provinces and cities were analyzed statistically. It can be concluded that different functional buildings have different energy consumption and the average energy consumption of large-scale public buildings is too high in China compared with the common public buildings and residential buildings. The obstacles need to be overcome afterward were summarized and the prospects for the future work were also put forward in the end.     

计算机显示器能效标识制度与能效测试

在计算机显示器能效标准和能效测试的基础上,通过分类统计的方法,分析了被测显示器的能效等级和能效指标的分布,讨论了计算机显示器的能效水平和制约因素,说明能效标识制度的实施促进了计算机显示器的节能进程,并对其节能技术创新具有一定的指导意义。     

Incentive mechanism design for the residential building energy efficiency improvement of heating zones in North China

Starting with analyzing the investigation results by Ministry of Housing and Urban–Rural Development of China in 2005, more than half of the 10,236 participants are willing to improve the residential building energy efficiency and accept an additional cost of less than 10% of the total cost, the authors illustrate that incenting actions are necessary to improve building energy efficiency and build a central government–local government–market model. As a result of the model analysis, to pursue good execution effects brought by the incentive policies, the executors are required to distinguish the differences of incentive objects’ economic activities and strongly respect the incenting on the energy conservation performance. A case study on the incentive policies of existing residential building energy efficiency improvement in heating zones in North China is given as well. Finally, it is strongly recommended to give the first priority to performance-based incentives so that to reduce the lazy behaviors of the incented objects and ensure the targets to be achieved.     

The role of built environment energy efficiency in a sustainable UK energy economy

Energy efficiency in the built environment can make significant contributions to a sustainable energy economy. In order to achieve this, greater public awareness of the importance of energy efficiency is required. In the short term, new efficient domestic appliances, building technologies, legislation quantifying building plant performance, and improved building regulations to include installed plant will be required. Continuing these improvements in the longer term is likely to see the adoption of small-scale renewable technologies embedded in the building fabric. Internet-based energy services could deliver low-cost building energy management and control to the mass market enabling plant to be operated and maintained at optimum performance levels and energy savings quantified. There are many technology options for improved energy performance of the building fabric and energy systems and it is not yet clear which will prove to be the most economic. Therefore, flexibility is needed in legislation and energy-efficiency initiatives.     

How energy efficiency fails in the building industry

This paper examines how energy efficiency fails in the building industry based on many years of research into the integration of energy efficiency in the construction of buildings and sustainable architecture in Norway. It argues that energy-efficient construction has been seriously restrained by three interrelated problems: (1) deficiencies in public policy to stimulate energy efficiency, (2) limited governmental efforts to regulate the building industry, and (3) a conservative building industry. The paper concludes that innovation and implementation of new, energy-efficient technologies in the building industry requires new policies, better regulations and reformed practices in the industry itself.     

Impact of energy efficiency upgrade retrofits on the residential energy consumption in Canada

The impact of various energy efficiency upgrade scenarios on the annual energy consumption of the Canadian housing stock is assessed using the Canadian Residential Energy End‐use Model (CREEM). The energy efficiency upgrade scenarios that are considered include major retrofits, such as the improvement of the house envelope by adding insulation, and the replacement of the existing heating system and appliances by higher efficiency units, as well as minor retrofits, such as lighting fixture, thermostat, showerhead and aerator upgrades that reduce energy consumption. The economic feasibility of each upgrade was assessed using the indicator ‘energy savings per dollar investment’. The results indicate that the energy savings potential of the retrofits is rather small, resulting in savings of 0–8 per cent of the total energy consumption of the Canadian housing stock. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Check and evaluation system on heat metering and energy efficiency retrofit of existing residential buildings in northern heating areas of china based on multi-index comprehensive evaluation method

Heat metering and energy efficiency retrofit of existing residential buildings in northern heating areas of China is organized and implemented in a large scale by local government in 15 provinces of North China with the unified guidance and control of central government. Firstly, this paper introduced the target of energy-saving reformation of existing residential buildings in North China and the importance of check and evaluation on this target, then pointed out the necessity of building up an evaluation system for energy-saving retrofit. According to the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), three-grade evaluation system was built up for heat metering and energy efficiency retrofit of existing residential buildings in northern heating areas of China. Also, based on multi-index comprehensive evaluation method combined with life cycle assessment (LCA) theory, post-evaluation thought and successful degree evaluation method, a mathematical model was established. Finally, a set of scientific method for evaluating heat metering and energy efficiency retrofit of existing residential buildings in northern heating areas of China systematically, scientifically, comprehensively and objectively was created.