2010年山西省食品中食源性致病菌监测分析

目的 了解山西省食源性致病菌的污染现状.方法 按照2010年度《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》进行.结果 1 576份样品中共检出阳性菌株149株,检出率为9.45％,其中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌污染比较严重,总检出率为9.50％和8.22％,金黄色葡萄球菌、阪崎肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的总检出率分别为3.02％、1.11％和0.87％.不同类别食品中致病菌的检出率差异较大,生肉中致病菌的检出率高居榜首为49.33％,主要污染菌为沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;沙拉中致病菌的检出率为17.39％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌;生食水产品中致病菌的检出率为16.94％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性孤菌;熟肉制品中致病菌的检出率为9.84％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌;中式凉拌菜中致病菌的检出率为8.89％,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜榨果汁中致病菌的检出率为6.67％,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜冻水产品中致病菌的检出率为5.00％,主要污染菌为副溶血性弧菌;婴幼儿配方粉/米粉/谷粉/豆奶粉中阪崎杆菌的检出率为1.11％.结论 山西省多种食品均存在食源性致病菌不同程度的污染,应加大对散装食品、即食食品和生食水产品的监管.     

PCR技术检测食品有害微生物的应用

介绍了PCR技术的原理及其在食品有害微生物检测中的应用，同时提出了尚存在的问题，并对其应用前景作了展望。     

关于利用大数据建立食品行业的危害控制措施指导的探讨

危害分析与关键控制点（HACCP）是预防和控制食品安全危害,防止食品安全事件发生的科学有效的工具。但危害分析以及制定相应的控制措施对多数食品企业来说是重点也是难点,进而导致了食品不合格事件频发。我国每年的食品安全监督抽检数量达数百万次,已具备大数据分析的基础。利用大数据可以靶向定位食品安全问题高发的行业和危害。本研究旨在利用大数据对食品抽检不合格原因以及整改措施进行分析,进而有针对性的指导食品生产经营企业系统管理、实践操作,在生产经营过程中进行风险排查、从根源上防控食品安全危害,分享全行业经验,提高我国食品安全管理的整体水平,满足人民群众日益增长的对美好安全食品的需要。     

婴幼儿配方乳粉和特殊医学用途配方食品工艺验证的实施探讨

我国食品安全法规定婴幼儿配方乳粉的产品配方和特殊医学用途配方食品需要进行注册管理,而在注册相关配套文件中要求这2类产品在申请注册时需要提供工艺验证相关材料,有效的工艺验证是产品质量的重要保证。由于工艺验证在药品中的应用较为广泛,本文通过对药品生产工艺验证指南的学习,结合食品工厂实际与实例,研究以基于产品生命周期的验证方法实施婴幼儿配方乳粉和特殊医学用途配方食品的工艺验证策略,并对婴幼儿配方乳粉和特殊医学用途配方食品的工艺规程、工艺验证方案和工艺验证报告的内容组成提出了建议,为这2类食品的工艺验证实施提供理论参考。     

Hazard analysis critical control points implementation in traditional foods: a case study of Tarhana processing

This paper examines the factors, which influence the safety characteristics of Tarhana (Tarhana is a fermented, dried dough product commonly reconstituted and served as a hot soup). Since Tarhana is becoming an important part of the modern diet in many communities. The objectives of this study were to determine food safety practices and procedures related to the hazard analysis critical control point programme. The significant hazards found in hazard analysis were used for determination of risk assessment by five-class hazard score matrix. The study revealed that the Critical Control Points (CCPs) for Tarhana production were cooking, fermentation, drying and sieving. At the same time, critical factors and limits for CCPs were determined. Preventative and corrective actions were proposed.     

农产品中食源性致病菌的污染状况分析

目的了解农产品中食源性致病菌的污染状况,为政府监管提供依据。方法共抽取430份农产品样品,监测项目为沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、霍乱弧菌、志贺氏菌、副溶血性弧菌和诺如病毒。采用全自动基因指纹分析仪对分离到的部分沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌株进行核糖体基因指纹鉴定。结果农产品中存在食源性致病菌的污染,畜禽产品中检出单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌22株、沙门氏菌17株、金黄色葡萄球菌7株;水产品中检出霍乱弧菌7株;鲜食蔬菜中检出金黄色葡萄球菌11株,72%的金黄色葡萄球菌产肠毒素。全自动基因指纹分析仪的鉴定结果和国标方法完全一致。结论应重视农产品的源头污染,加强监控。全自动基因指纹分析仪可用于食源性致病菌的快速鉴定和溯源。     

宁波地区食品中致病菌污染物检测与调查

目的 了解宁波地区食品中携带或污染的致病菌,为控制食源性疾病提供依据.方法 致病菌检测采用直接分离与增菌分离相结合的方法;细菌鉴定采用生化筛检和API等方法;血清分型采用诊断血清凝集法;药敏试验采用K-B法;采用PCR检测耐药基因.结果 从6 812份食品标本中检出致病菌7类12种,共2 331株,检出率为34.22％,以副溶血性弧菌检出率最高,与其他病原菌检出率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.005).主要流行株副溶血性弧菌分型发现10个血清群,O∶6群和O∶5群为优势群.检出的致病菌对大多数抗生素敏感,其中3株气单胞菌为带aacc耐药基因的多重耐药菌.结论 宁波地区食品中致病菌构成复杂,食品污染是引起食源性疾病的主要原因,其中副溶血性弧菌是最主要的流行菌株;检出的致病菌对多种抗生素敏感,存在aacc耐药菌应引起关注,控制的关键是采取合理用药,加强对耐药菌株的监测,以减少耐药菌的传播和扩散.     

2010~2015年吉林市食品食源性致病菌的风险监测结果分析

目的 分析吉林市市售食品中食源性致病菌的污染情况,确定高危食品的种类和分布,预防和控制食源性疾病的发生。方法 2010～2015年采集吉林市市售样品21类1212份,按照《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》的要求分离和鉴定10种食源性致病菌。结果 检出致病菌株121株,总检出率为9.98%。致病菌检出率前3位食品类别分别是速冻米面制品(26/96,27.08%);乳与乳制品、婴幼儿配斱食品(23/101,22.77%);肉及肉制品(40/178, 22.47%)。检出致病菌前3位是蜡样芽胞杆菌(43/206, 20.87%)、副溶血性弧菌(6/77, 7.79%)、单核细胞增生李斯特菌(42/643, 6.53%)。2010～2015年每年食源性致病菌检出率分别为8.56%、2.99%、6.55%、2.86%、1.83%、3.49%。结论 吉林市市售食品的现状不容乐观,食源性致病菌污染严重,致病菌检出率进高于同期本省及国内其他省市。建议长期注意其引起的食源性疾病风险,加强市售食品的监测和食品经营部门的管理,防止食源性疾病的发生。     

Efficacy of thyme oil-alginate-based coating in reducing foodborne pathogens on fresh-cut apples

In this study, the inhibition of an alginate-based edible coating (EC) containing thyme oil (0.05%, 0.35% and 0.65%) was evaluated against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated onto fresh-cut apples. To investigate the antibacterial mechanism of thyme oil, the constituent compounds of that were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the cellular damage of pathogens was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that alginate-based EC containing thyme oil effectively inhibited the growth of pathogens on fresh-cut apples. GC-MS analysis revealed thymol (47.23%) as the major compounds in thyme oil. SEM showed that the cell membrane of foodborne pathogens was damaged by thyme oil, causing their inactivation. Treatment with alginate-based EC containing 0.05% thyme oil preserved the sensory characteristics of fresh-cut apples. Therefore, using alginate-based EC with thyme oil may represent a potential approach to preserve and enhance the safety of fresh-cut apples.     

多重PCR技术在食源性致病菌检测中应用的研究进展

食源性致病菌的多重PCR检测技术是指能够同时扩增得到同种或多种致病菌的不同基因片段的技术。因该技术特异、灵敏且分析效率高,现已被广泛应用于食源性致病菌的检测工作中。本文介绍了多重PCR在食源性致病菌检测中应用的研究近况,并对影响因素及存在的问题进行了阐述。      

多重聚合酶链式反应技术在食源性致病菌检测上的应用研究进展

多重聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术是在常规PCR技术基础上发展起来的,其反应原理、反应试剂和操作过程与常规PCR相同,区别在于多重PCR技术在同一个反应体系中加入2对或2对以上引物,分别扩增不同的模板,得到不同的目的片段.多重PCR技术在食源性致病菌检测中具有高通量、节...     

Nanomaterial interfaces designed with different biorecognition elements for biosensing of key foodborne pathogens

Foodborne diseases caused by pathogen bacteria are a serious problem toward the safety of human life in a worldwide. Conventional methods for pathogen bacteria detection have several handicaps, including trained personnel requirement, low sensitivity, laborious enrichment steps, low selectivity, and long-term experiments. There is a need for precise and rapid identification and detection of foodborne pathogens. Biosensors are a remarkable alternative for the detection of foodborne bacteria compared to conventional methods. In recent years, there are different strategies for the designing of specific and sensitive biosensors. Researchers activated to develop enhanced biosensors with different transducer and recognition elements. Thus, the aim of this study was to provide a topical and detailed review on aptamer, nanofiber, and metal organic framework–based biosensors for the detection of food pathogens. First, the conventional methods, type of biosensors, common transducer, and recognition element were systematically explained. Then, novel signal amplification materials and nanomaterials were introduced. Last, current shortcomings were emphasized, and future alternatives were discussed.     

2013~2014年长春市食品中食源性致病菌检测及分析

目的 了解食源性致病菌在长春市食品中检出情况,为食源性疾病防控工作提供科学的数据。方法 按《2103年国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册方法》、《 微生物检测方法的标准操作程序 》( 国家食品安全风险评估中心 )和国家标准方法进行食品中的食源性致病菌检测。结果 2013-2014年长春市11类食品433件样本中的食源性致菌的检出率是17.09%,其中蜡样芽胞杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌的检出率分别是33.87%、12.81%、2.83%和0.58%。2013年和2014年食品中食源性致病菌的检出率无显著性差异(x₂=0.09,P＞0.05)。在乳制品、肉及其制品、婴幼儿食品、水产及其制品、餐饮食品、即食非发酵豆制品和速冻面米制品中食源性致病菌的检出率分别是：73.33%、40%、30.61%、9.52%、7.23%、5%和3.33%。结论 长春市食品存在不同程度上的食源性致病菌污染。乳制品、肉及其制品和婴幼儿食品中的食源性致病菌检出率较高,蜡样芽胞杆菌和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌对食品污染较严重,需加强对这几类食品的监管。     

预制调理食品中的常见微生物及其防控

预制调理食品是食品产业中快速增长的热点。由于预制调理食品经过简单处理即可直接食用,如果在加工过程中杀菌不彻底或者贮藏流通过程中条件不完善,容易受到微生物的污染,引发食源性疾病。本文分析了各类预制调理食品易污染的微生物,综述了相关病原微生物防控措施的研究进展,提出了预制调理食品病原微生物研究的方向。      

2010年全国监测网食源性致病菌实验室检验质控考核的结果分析

目的为了摸底承担监测任务的检验技术机构的食源性致病菌检验能力,确保食源性致病菌检验结果的准确性和可比性,提高监测工作质量。方法制备考核样品,用辐照灭菌的奶粉添加食源性致病菌(沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肠出血性大肠杆菌、阪崎肠杆菌中的2~3种),经稳定性测试后对327个检验机构进行质控考核,用点分数法对上报结果进行评价,Pearsonχ2检验进行率的比较。结果 327个检验机构中有319个上报了检验结果,上报率为97.6%,其中299个检验机构的结果较满意,满意率为93.7%。4种细菌的漏检率不全相同,阪崎肠杆菌的漏检率要高于其他3种。2009年以前入网和2010年新加入监测点的满意率,省级和地市级疾病预防控制中心的满意率差异均没有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论本次质控考核为开展针对性的实验室培训提供了数据依据,也反映了全国监测点的4种食源性致病菌检验能力基本满足监测任务的需求。     

2018—2020年天津市津南区食源性致病菌分布及药敏分析

目的 对2018—2020年天津市津南区食源性致病菌污染进行监测及耐药分析,了解天津市津南区食源性疾病流行病学特征和耐药情况,为预防和控制食源性疾病提供依据。方法 对2018—2020年津南区哨点医院607例食源性疾病粪便标本进行沙门菌、致泻大肠埃希菌、副溶血性弧菌和志贺菌4种致病菌检测,并对阳性菌株做药敏分析。结果 607例粪便标本中共检出阳性菌株124株,阳性检出率20.43%(124/607)。其中沙门菌74株,副溶血性弧菌31株,致泻大肠埃希菌19株,未检出志贺菌。患者中,男∶女为4∶3(347/260);沙门菌中肠炎沙门菌检出率最高,达62.16%(46/74),致泻大肠埃希菌中肠致病性大肠埃希菌(EPEC)检出率最高;药物敏感试验中,沙门菌和致泻大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林(AMP)耐药显著,高达72.04%(67/93),且普遍存在多重耐药情况,副溶血性弧菌对头孢唑啉(CFZ)的耐药最严重[77.42%(24/31)]。结论 天津市津南区2018—2020年引起腹泻的食源性疾病致病菌以肠炎沙门菌、EPEC为主。分离菌株普遍对AMP耐药,且存在多重耐药情况,提示相关部门应加强对食品加工业的监管,同时加强致病菌耐药的监测力度,为津南区食品安全和临床治疗提供依据。     

食品中矿物油分析方法的考察验证与结果确证

矿物油是指来源于石油和合成油的C10~C50烷烃(MOSH)和芳烃(MOAH)类物质的总称,其化合物类型众多且数量巨大;食品的种类多样且基质干扰严重,其中涉及矿物油的干扰物有油脂、天然烷烃、固有烯烃以及包装材料迁移至食品的寡聚烯烃饱和烃(POSH)等。因此,分析食品中的矿物油相当困难。通常,矿物油分析步骤包括提取、净化分离和测定三个环节。为了保证检测方法的可靠性,样品中必须添加9个标准化合物(包括3个分离标记物,2个挥发损失标记物和2对定量内标物),用于监测矿物油的净化、分离与测定效果;同时需要经常插入空白实验和正构烷烃混合标准用于考察操作规范、试剂纯度、仪器性能等。由于矿物油来源与食品基质干扰物的复杂性,实际分析中还需要给出每类样品的定量限和回收率等方法学考察数据,以证明矿物油分析方法的灵敏度和准确度。对于部分基质干扰严重的样品,还需要采用全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱进行分析结果的确认。本文结合食用油、奶粉、巧克力和大米等分析实例,综述了食品中矿物油测定的验证与确认方法。     

2017—2019年辽宁省市售食品中食源性致病菌监测结果分析

目的 了解辽宁省市售食品中食源性致病微生物的污染及其分布的情况,发现问题和食品安全的隐患,为食品安全隐患风险的评估提供科学依据。方法 2017-2019年辽宁省共采集的12类4694份样品,按照《国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》对食源性致病微生物进行检测分析。结果 辽宁省2017年-2019年4694份各种致病微生物的总体检出率中蜡样芽胞杆菌的检出率最高12.78%,不同种类食品中米面制品、婴幼儿奶粉及辅食和水产及其制品有较高检出,检出率分别为15.02%、14.81%、12.46%,不同包装中散装样品的致病微生物检出率最高为9.55%,不同抽样场所中网店的致病微生物检出率最高为14.06%。结论 辽宁省市售食品中存在不同程度的食源性致病微生物污染,其中婴幼儿奶粉及辅食、餐饮食品和水产及其制品受食源性致病微生物的污染状况比较严重,监管部门应加大对其监督和管理的力度。     

A pilot-scale evaluation of using gaseous chlorine dioxide for decontamination of foodborne pathogens on produce and low-moisture foods

Small-scale studies have shown that chlorine dioxide gas, ClO_2(g), was effective for decontamination of produce, nuts, and spices. This study conducted a pilot-scale evaluation to identify effective ClO_2(g) treatment parameters for commercial-scale applications. The gas was produced by a generator utilizing sodium chlorite and chlorine gas for decontamination of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella inoculated on tomatoes, blueberries, baby-cut carrots, almonds, and peppercorns. Inoculated samples and 45 kg tomatoes in a 1,246-L treatment chamber were exposed to various ClO_2(g) concentrations (mg/L) and times 9 (hr) at 70–95% RH to determine the treatment effects on the pathogen reductions. Results showed that the treatment caused higher reductions on produce. A ClO_2(g) treatment of 1 mg/L-3 hr at 70% RH reduced 4.9–6.8, 5.1–5.6, and 4.2–6.3 log CFU/g of STEC, L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella, respectively, on produce, with the highest reductions on baby-cut carrots. For almonds and peppercorns, ClO_2(g) treatments under higher RH caused higher reductions. The treatment of 2 mg/L-9 hr or 3 mg/L-4 hr at 95% RH reduced >4.0 log of STEC and Salmonella on almonds, and 1 mg/L-5 hr at 85% RH achieved >5.0 log reductions on peppercorns. Applying moisture to the surfaces of almonds caused >4.0 log reductions using 1 mg/L-5 hr at 95% RH. This study identified effective ClO_2(g) treatment parameters for achieving >4.0 log reductions of common pathogens on tomatoes, blueberries, baby-cut carrots, almonds, and peppercorns and showed that ClO_2(g) generator is suitable for large-scale decontamination. These findings can be used for pilot-scale ClO_2(g) decontamination of these products and for testing using ClO_2(g) for commercial-scale decontamination trials.     

Phage-based technologies for highly sensitive luminescent detection of foodborne pathogens and microbial toxins: A review

Foodborne pathogens and microbial toxins are the main causes of foodborne illness. However, trace pathogens and toxins in foods are difficult to detect. Thus, techniques for their rapid and sensitive identification and quantification are urgently needed. Phages can specifically recognize and adhere to certain species of microbes or toxins due to molecular complementation between capsid proteins of phages and receptors on the host cell wall or toxins, and thus they have been successfully developed into a detection platform for pathogens and toxins. This review presents an update on phage-based luminescent detection technologies as well as their working principles and characteristics. Based on phage display techniques of temperate phages, reporter gene detection assays have been designed to sensitively detect trace pathogens by luminous intensity. By the host-specific lytic effects of virulent phages, enzyme-catalyzed chemiluminescent detection technologies for pathogens have been exploited. Notably, these phage-based luminescent detection technologies can discriminate viable versus dead microbes. Further, highly selective and sensitive immune-based assays have been developed to detect trace toxins qualitatively and quantitatively via antibody analogs displayed by phages, such as phage-ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and phage-IPCR (immuno-polymerase chain reaction). This literature research may lead to novel and innocuous phage-based rapid detection technologies to ensure food safety.