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目的 了解煎炸油中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染水平,并评估其对人群造成的健康风险。方法 利用2015年和2017年PAHs专项监测中158份煎炸油样品的8种PAHs污染水平数据,以及其中76份样品14种PAHs污染水平数据,结合我国普通人群植物油消费量,采用暴露情景假设的方法,计算膳食暴露量和暴露限值(MOE),评估其健康风险。结果 煎炸油样品中14种PAHs化合物的检出率范围为0.0%~100.0%,其中苯并(a)芘的检出率为83.5%(132/158)。二苯并(a,h)蒽污染水平最高,均值为3.33 μg/kg,其次分别为苯并(a)蒽、艹屈、苯并(a)芘,均值分别为2.25、2.21、1.91 μg/kg。艹屈 是14种PAHs中最主要的化合物,占14种PAHs的比例为18.6%。经煎炸油摄入的苯并(a)芘、苯并(a)芘+艹屈 、苯并(a)芘+艹屈 +苯并(a)蒽+苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘+艹屈 +苯并(a)蒽+苯并(b)荧蒽+苯并(k)荧蒽+二苯并(a,h)蒽+苯并(g,h,i)芘+茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘的平均暴露量分别为0.99、2.13、4.36、7.90 ng/kg BW,其MOE值分别为70 707、79 812、77 982、62 025,均远大于10 000。结论 基于当前监测的煎炸油中PAHs污染水平,我国普通人群经煎炸油摄入PAHs的健康风险在极端暴露的情况下较低。 相似文献
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Furan is a thermal food processing contaminant that is ubiquitous in various food products such as coffee, canned and jarred foods, and cereals. A comprehensive summary of research progress on furan is presented in this review, including discussion of (i) formation pathways, (ii) occurrence and dietary exposures, (iii) analytical techniques, (iv) toxicities, (v) metabolism and metabolites, (vi) risk assessment, (vii) potential biomarkers, and (viii) mitigation measures. Dietary exposure to furan varies among different countries and age groups. Furan acts through various toxicological pathways mediated by its primary metabolite, cis-2-butene-1,4-dial (BDA). BDA can readily react with glutathione, amino acids, biogenic amines, or nucleotides to form corresponding metabolites, some of which have been proposed as potential biomarkers of exposure to furan. Present risk assessment of furan mainly employed the margin of exposure approach. Given the widespread occurrence of furan in foods and its harmful health effects, mitigating furan levels in foods or exploring potential dietary supplements to protect against furan toxicity is necessary for the benefit of food safety and public health. 相似文献
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Ramatou Boubacar Seydou AbdoulKader Harouna Ynoukounm Euloge Kpoclou Caroline Douny Franois Brose Marichatou Hamani Jacques Mahillon Victor Bienvenu Anihouvi Marie‐Louise Scippo Djidjoho Joseph Hounhouigan 《Food Science & Nutrition》2019,7(10):3293-3301
Production of kilichi, a grilled meat of West Africa, is a common method of meat preservation in Niger. Thirty samples of condiments‐coated kilichi and uncoated kilichi collected in Niger, were analyzed for microbiological contamination, as well as NaCl, protein and lipid contents, using standard methods. Contamination with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) was also assessed using a HPLC–FLD technique. Highly significant differences (p < .001) were observed between coated kilichi and uncoated kilichi, for NaCl content (2.56% and 1.40%), for proteins (51% and 72%) and lipids (18% and 13%), respectively. Water activity was low in both kilichi, showing a potential microbial stability. Among the 15 European Union (EU) priority PAHs, 12 were detected in the samples. About 56.3% of coated kilichi samples exceeded the EU maximal limit for BaP, and 75% exceeded the EU maximal limit for the sum of 4 PAHs (PAH4). For uncoated kilichi, 28.6% of samples did not meet the standards for BaP and PAH4. About 6% of coated kilichi samples were not compliant with standards related to Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, and 31%, 50% for yeasts and fungi, respectively. Escherichia coli and Enterobacteria were below the detection limit in both kilichi, but Salmonella and Bacillus cereus were detected only in one coated kilichi. The noncompliant samples of uncoated kilichi were in the proportions varying between 7% –86% for S. aureus, C. perfringens, yeasts, and fungi. This study showed potential risks associated with the consumption of traditionally produced kilichi in Niger due to both PAHs and pathogen bacteria contamination. 相似文献
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高邮养殖区罗氏沼虾中多环芳烃的残留现状与健康风险评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的 对高邮市9个养殖区罗氏沼虾中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, PAHs)的残留现状与健康风险进行分析。方法 样品中的多环芳烃由环己烷:二氯甲烷(1:1=V:V)混合溶液索氏提取, 经凝胶渗透色谱(gel permeation chromatography, GPC)净化后, 通过DB35-MS毛细管色谱柱分离, 采用电子轰击源选择反应监测模式进行质谱分析, 以内标法定量。根据残留量, 采用美国环保局(US environmental protection agency, USEPA)将风险模型与毒性结合的方式, 毒性当量因子(toxic equivalency factors, TEF)方法估算PAHs 相对苯并(a)芘(BaP)的总毒性当量浓度, 采用终生致癌风险(increased lifetime cancer risk, ILCR) 模型进行健康风险评价。结果 对90个样品进行了检测, 方法检出限为0.017~0.171 μg/kg, 测定下限为0.051 μg/kg, 加标回收率为71.0%~117.0%, 相对标准偏差为1.79%~8.24%。9个养殖区16种PAHs组分总检出率在100%, 范围在6.62~53.2 μg/kg, 结构上3环、4环作为优势组分含量较高, 致癌作用显著性的苯并[a]芘均未检出。养殖区PAHs来源为石油污染, 中高环同分异构体比值法更进一步验证了污染源为石油。ILCR范围在2.74×10?10~3.30×10?8。结论 致癌风险处于控制水平, 在可接受范围内。 相似文献
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《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(8):6536-6547
Dairy products, characterized by rich nutrition and unique flavor, occupy an increasing share of the human diet with the development of higher living standards. However, trace hazardous contaminants in dairy products, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), are arousing public concern. In this study, we investigated 82 milks and milk powders from Shanghai markets for the occurrence of 20 PAH, including 16 European Union priority (EU 15+1) PAH and 4 derivatives. Furthermore, we carried out a risk assessment of dietary exposure of PAHs from dairy products based on detection results and data on body weight and dietary intake obtained from questionnaires. Two assessment methods were used in this study: the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and margin of exposure (MOE) methods. The ILCR of all age groups was 10?6 to 10?4, indicating a potential but acceptable carcinogenic risk. The MOE of the 4 groups (divided by age and sex) was >104, indicating no significant carcinogenic risk of PAH exposure from dairy products. In both methods, children had the highest risk because of their greater consumption of dairy products, followed by seniors, young adults, and middle-aged adults. Results of this study provide reference data on the exposure level and health risk of PAHs from dairy product intake. 相似文献
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通过HPLC法测定45批烤肉中15种PAHs的含量,分析烤肉中 PAHs的组成特征和毒性分布情况,定量评价吃烧烤频率对于社会人群终生患癌的风险。结果表明:烤肉中15种PAHs组成特征和毒性分布情况表示,PAHs含量组成以二环、三环、四环芳烃为主(87%);而毒性分布方面,主要致癌的风险物质为重质PAHs,以五环PAHs毒性含量最高(81%);健康风险评价表明,社会人群终身患癌风险(ILCR)和摄入烧烤频率(EF)具有正比关系的函数关系(ILCR=3.07692×10-7 EF),大量频繁地摄入烤肉会带来一定的致癌风险,而低频率的摄入烧烤食品,比如一年内三到四次,烧烤食品带来的致癌风险可忽略不计。 相似文献
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Pierina Visciano Monia Perugini Maurizio Manera & Michele Amorena 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2009,44(10):2028-2032
The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in commercial smoked fillets of tuna, swordfish and Atlantic salmon was studied. In Europe, the smoking technique is widely used in fish processing and these species are the most representative of the taste of consumers for smoked products. Samples were purchased on the Italian market and analysed by HPLC. Mean concentrations (ng g−1 ) of acenaphthene (4.4, 6.2, 11.2), phenanthrene (11.5, 18.5, 8.9), anthracene (2.4, 5.2, 1.8), fluoranthene (17.0, 9.4, 4.7), benzo( k )fluoranthene (0.3, 0.1, 0.2) and benzo( a )pyrene (1.3, 0.1, 0.4) were found in Atlantic salmon, tuna and swordfish respectively. Benzo( b )fluoranthene (1.2 ng g−1 ) was detected only in Atlantic salmon whereas dibenz( a,h )anthracene was never detected in this species, but only in tuna (0.5 ng g−1 ) and swordfish (1.1 ng g−1 ). Atlantic salmon contained the highest level of benzo( a )pyrene (2.8 ng g−1 ) which is below the European regulatory level of 5 ng g−1 . 相似文献
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Xiaoqian Chen Wei Jia Li Zhu Lei Mao Yu Zhang 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2020,19(1):124-148
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) as probable carcinogenic substances are mainly generated in meat products during thermal processing. Numerous studies have contributed to the analysis, formation, and mitigation of HAAs during food processing. However, few articles have comprehensively reviewed food safety aspects from both food processing and dietary intake regarding the formation, mitigation, metabolism, biomarkers for exposure, hazard control, and risk assessment of HAAs, and related food safety researches. Several factors may influence the generation of HAAs, including processing temperature, processing time, and chemical composition of the meat. Nonetheless, these mutagenic compounds are attenuated to different levels by the addition of natural or synthetic flavorings and antioxidant‐rich marinades, as well as pretreatments using technique such as microwave heating. After dietary intake, different types of HAAs are metabolized in humans by several enzymes, including cytochrome P450s, peroxidases, N‐acetyltransferases, sulfotransferases, uridine diphosphate‐glucuronosyltransferases, and glutathione S‐transferases. Their primary metabolites are further conjugated with DNA or ultimately excreted in urine and feces. The 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine in hair as well as DNA, hemoglobin, and serum albumin adducts has been considered as biomarkers for exposure assessment. Dietary intake information obtained from questionnaires and the results of epidemiological investigations have shown a positive relationship between the intakes of red meat and processed meat and high risk of cancer incidence. As several cancers have been reported to be associated with HAAs, HAAs should be both effectively reduced during food processing and controlled from dietary intake to facilitate human health. 相似文献
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近几年来,消费者和政府越来越重视食品安全,对具有致癌性和致畸性的多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)污染物在食品中的存在情况越来越关注。本文通过综述不同食品中PAHs含量状况以及对其暴露限制值和终生致癌风险值进行的安全性评价,认为对于婴儿等弱势群体的食品安全问题需要更重视。同时,归纳了不同加工方式和加工条件对食品中PAHs的产生所造成的影响,提出了减少PAHs产生量的措施,以帮助消费者降低膳食风险,推动PAHs的形成机理研究和毒理学研究。 相似文献
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利用GC-MS测定2013年~2014年不同季节宁波市居民日常食用29种水产品中多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量,分析季节性富集规律,并估算宁波市居民食用水产品的PAHs暴露量,评估水产品中PAHs的人体健康风险及不确定性。研究发现,水产品中16种PAHs总含量(以湿重计)分别为(46.31±40.19)ng/g(春季)、(46.01±22.20)ng/g(秋季)、(31.93±19.13)ng/g(冬季)、(30.70±24.41)ng/g(夏季);城镇和农村居民食用水产品造成的PAHs暴露量分别为(4584.01±1212.68)ng/d和(3523.81±932.21)ng/d;城镇和农村居民终身增量健康风险分别为(5.27±5.78)×10-5和(2.94±1.81)×10-5,高于USEPA建议的可接受风险(1.0×10-6),而低于较高的致癌风险(1.0×10-4),表明宁波居民食用水产品存在潜在的致癌风险,应予以关注。居民食用水产品造成的PAHs致癌风险不确定性变异系数农村(0.20)高于城镇(0.16),ED是风险评估中需要控制的关键因素。 相似文献
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目的 评价青海省成年居民膳食铝的暴露水平及潜在的健康风险。方法 利用2015—2020年青海省7类共499份主要含铝食品的铝含量数据,以及《第五次中国总膳食研究》和2010—2013年中国居民营养与健康监测中的食物消费量数据,采用点评估的方法,评估青海省不同年龄-性别组成年居民的铝暴露水平及潜在风险。结果 7类主要含铝食品铝的平均含量为72.210 mg/kg,最大值为1 220.000 mg/kg。总检出率为77.96%(389/499),总超标率为19.72%(57/289)。其中,即食海蜇的检出率和超标率均为最高,分别为100.00%(11/11)、90.91%(10/11)。青海省成年居民铝的平均每日暴露量为0.080 mg/(kg·d),占暂定每周耐受摄入量(PTWI)的27.86%,谷物及其制品对青海省成年居民膳食铝暴露的贡献率最高,达88.07%。不同年龄-性别组成年居民以≥60岁年龄组女性每日铝暴露量最高,平均为0.086 mg/(kg·d),占PTWI的30.05%。各年龄-性别组成年居民膳食铝中位暴露量(铝含量取P50)和平均暴露量(铝含量取均值)占PTWI百分比均<1。结论 青海省成年居民膳食铝摄入的健康风险较低,谷物及其制品为主要贡献食品。 相似文献
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目的 掌握浙江温州地区海产品中石油烃的污染状况及其对人群膳食暴露影响。方法 采集2022年浙江温州地区30个品种217批次海产品, 取各样品可食部分, 经组织匀质后, 经6 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液40℃恒温振荡皂化6 h、二氯甲烷萃取、旋转蒸发浓缩至干、脱芳石油醚复溶, 取上清液采用分子荧光仪测定其石油烃含量。采用单因子指数法和商值法分别评价其污染程度和膳食暴露健康风险。结果 所有海产品均存在不同程度的石油烃检出(范围1.06~26.6 mg/kg, 均值9.70 mg/kg), 其中13.4%的样品中石油烃含量超出NY 5073—2006《无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量》中规定的限值, 分别为缢蛏、泥蚶、馒头蟹。总体上检出浓度依次排序, 养殖贝类>海捕头足类>海捕蟹>海捕虾>海捕鱼>养殖藻类。所测海产品石油烃危害商在0.01226~0.3076之间, 均小于1, 致癌风险指数范围为4.9×10-7~7.6×10-5, 小于1×10-4, 其中养殖贝类中缢蛏、泥蚶、贻贝的危害商和致癌风险指数相对较高。结论 浙江温州地区海产品中石油烃的健康风险较低, 但应密切关注长期或大量食用缢蛏、泥蚶、贻贝带来的不利影响。 相似文献
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目的了解烟台居民膳食来源总砷暴露量,评价其潜在健康风险。方法按照GB 5009.11-2014中第二法氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定总砷含量,采用危害商数判定其膳食暴露风险,依据美国环保总署给定的剂量-效应模型,进行人体健康风险评价。结果烟台市居民摄入的主要食物中总砷的平均含量为0.75 mg/kg,其中藻类的总砷含量最高,居民膳食来源总砷的日均膳食暴露量为0.00166 mg/(kg·d)。藻类、水产品、鲜蔬菜,谷物及制品是烟台居民膳食总砷暴露的主要来源,其贡献率分别为28.16%、24.31%、7.64%、3.93%。居民膳食来源总砷暴露的HQ远小于1,参照无机砷致癌风险因子计算,膳食来源总砷导致的疾病负担高于10-6人/年的参考水平。结论烟台居民膳食来源总砷暴露量处在可接受安全范围,但其存在的风险、导致的疾病负担高于参考水平值。 相似文献
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目的 评估杭州市居民膳食中铝的暴露水平及其潜在健康风险。方法 利用2015—2021年杭州市食品中食品添加剂铝含量的数据和2015年杭州市居民食物消费量调查数据,采用简单分布评估法计算杭州市居民膳食中铝的暴露水平,进行健康风险评估。结果 杭州市居民膳食中铝每周平均暴露量及每周高食物量消费人群暴露量(P95)分别为0.416、1.986 mg/kg·BW,均低于联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)制定的每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI,2 mg/kg·BW)。包子、面条、中式糕点、油条、馒头是杭州市居民膳食中铝暴露的主要来源,累计贡献率达到85.9%。如果严格执行食品安全国家标准关于含铝食品添加剂的限量规定,杭州市居民膳食中铝每周平均暴露量和P95暴露量将分别下降88.2%和84.0%。结论 目前杭州市居民膳食中铝每周平均暴露量对人群健康造成的风险较低,处于可接受水平。但高食物消费人群每周暴露量(P95暴露量)接近PTWI,其中18岁以下未成年人P95暴露量已超过PTWI,应引起重视,并采取措施以降低铝暴露过量可能带来的健康风险。 相似文献
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典型膳食来源亚硝酸钠暴露对我国人群健康风险的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 评估中国居民膳食因素亚硝酸钠摄入量及对健康影响的潜在风险,为食品安全风险管理提供科学依据.方法 应用典型食品(酱类、肉制品和腌菜)中亚硝酸钠含量的实际监测结果和我国居民对含亚硝酸钠食品实际的膳食消费量数据,采用简单分布模型方法,对我国居民全人群的膳食亚硝酸钠摄入量进行估计,并与国际组织JECFA制定的亚硝酸钠每日允许摄入量(ADI)进行比较.结果 全人群的亚硝酸钠平均摄入量为0.021 mg/kgBW/day,占ADI的30.0%,而高暴露人群(亚硝酸钠摄入量的P97.5)的亚硝酸钠摄入量为0.150 mg/kg BW/day,是ADI的2.1倍;各性别-年龄组人群的膳食亚硝酸钠平均摄入量均未超过ADI,但就各组高暴露人群而言,亚硝酸钠摄入量范围为0.124 8 ~0.275 0 mg/kg BW/day,是ADI的1.8~3.9倍;酱/咸菜是我国居民膳食亚硝酸钠摄入的主要来源,占总摄入量的61.9%.结论 我国全人群平均膳食亚硝酸钠摄入量处于安全水平,但高暴露人群摄入的亚硝酸钠具有较高的健康风险,需予以重点关注;调整饮食习惯和行为,改进食品加工工艺,最大限度地减少外源性亚硝酸盐的添加和内源性亚硝酸钠的产生是降低我国居民膳食亚硝酸钠摄入的有效手段. 相似文献
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