Comparative assessment of two extraction procedures for determination of bioactive compounds in some berries used for daily food consumption

Two extractions with methanol and water were used to determine the antioxidant and binding properties of some berries as a supplement to food. Fluorometry, FTIR spectra and radical scavenging assays were used for characterisation of bioactive compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, flavanols and tannins) and the levels of their antioxidant activities (AAs). The contents of bioactive compounds and AAs in water and methanol polyphenol extracts in gooseberries, blueberries and cranberries differed, but not always significantly. Water extracts of gooseberries showed the lowest amounts of polyphenols (mg GAE g^?1), 6.24 ± 0.6, and flavonoids (mg CE g^?1), 0.29 ± 0.01, and AAs (μMTE g^?1) determined by DPPH, FRAP, ABTS and CUPRAC assays such as 6.05 ± 0.6, 8.07 ± 0.9, 18.70 ± 1.8 and 13.44 ± 1.2, respectively, in comparison with blueberries and cranberries. Polyphenol content highly correlated with antioxidant activity (R² from 0.94 to 0.81). The quenching properties of berries were studied by the interaction of water and methanol polyphenol extracts with HSA by 3D fluorescence. In conclusion, the bioactivity of gooseberries was lower than in blueberries and cranberries. Gooseberries can be used as a new source for food consumption and supplementation based on their antioxidant and binding properties. 3D fluorescence spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy can be applied as additional analytical tools for rapid estimation of the quality of different food products.     

Authentication of Small Berry Fruit in Fruit Products by DNA Barcoding Method

Small berry fruit products are gaining an expanded market due to their high nutrition value. However, the authenticity of products is challenged by adulteration and mislabeling. To establish an accurate and robust method for identifying both known and unknown fruit species in small berry fruit products, DNA barcoding technology based on Sanger sequencing was adopted. To overcome the influence of processing conditions on DNA recovery, mini‐barcodes of rbcL and ITS and a medium‐barcode of psbA‐trnH were applied. To identify ingredients in products containing mixed species, plasmid cloning was applied to separate mixed barcodes. The method established in this paper could detect 1% to 10% target species in mixed fruit juice.     

DNA条形码技术在食品鉴定中的应用

近年来,国内外不断出现有关食品掺假造假等食品安全问题的报道。产品与标签不符,肉类掺假,以次充好等商业欺诈问题影响着人们的利益与健康。食品掺假造假问题越来越受到重视,而传统的检测方法已不能满足食品鉴定的需要。DNA条形码技术是从分子水平上对食品进行鉴定,弥补了传统鉴定方法的不足,其准确、高效、简单的特点为食品鉴定领域带来了新的革命。本文在简要介绍DNA条形码研究现状的基础上,主要总结目前国内外关于DNA条形码技术在食品鉴定中的应用情况,包括在渔类产品、肉类产品、可食用植物、加工食品鉴定中的应用,最后讨论DNA条形码技术在食品鉴定中的优缺点以及发展趋势。     

食用植物油掺假鉴别方法研究进展

阐述了食用植物油掺伪的现状,综述了理化方法、色谱法、核磁共振波谱法、红外光谱法、拉曼光谱法的检测原理,以及在食用植物油掺假鉴别中的研究进展.着重介绍了应用最广泛的色谱法,它主要通过对脂肪酸、甾醇、生育酚等物质的测定来进行掺伪鉴别.同时,对核磁共振波谱法、红外光谱法、拉曼光谱法在油脂掺伪检测中的初步应用进行了归纳.对掺伪检测技术的研究方向进行了展望.     

Nuclear DNA barcodes for cod identification in mildly-treated and processed food products

Gadoids are a group of fish with historical importance in the fishing industry. The high demand for cod is one of the reasons why cod products are often mislabelled, and numerous observations have been made on the replacement of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) by cheaper species or its illegal capture in contravention of fish quotas. Fish species identification is traditionally based on morphological features, but this may be difficult in case of heat-treated or processed products, or where the species look similar, as in the Gadoid group. DNA-based approaches (using either nuclear or mitochondrial DNA) are most commonly used in this case, due to their high specificity and to the high resilience of the target molecules to food processing techniques. In this article, we identified, using an automated screening approach, novel barcode regions and their associated primers in the nuclear genome, to be used for the efficient identification of Gadoids. The barcode regions were tested on official and commercial samples, raw or mildly treated products, like frozen, or salted, as well as pre-cooked complex mixtures and processed samples, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique. The method proposed could complement existing fish identification strategies in establishing an efficient framework to detect and prevent frauds along the food chain.     

2种常见浆果及其果酱制品的国内外食品安全标准限量分析

近年来,随着环保和健康意识的不断增强,国外技术性贸易壁垒越来越严格,发达国家对于进口产品的食品添加剂、农药残留等食品安全限量的要求也日趋严苛.为了打破我国浆果及其果酱制品出口的贸易壁垒,提高我国产品质量水平,亟需对国内外相关食品安全标准进行对比分析.本文通过将2种常见浆果及其果酱制品的国内外食品安全标准限量进行对比,发...     

基于果形和穿刺测试的葡萄浆果质构特性分析

本文通过分析鲜食葡萄浆果单粒果重、形状和其穿刺质构特性,探究葡萄的质构特性和其商品性指标的相关性联系。以巨峰、茉莉莎、红宝石、白罗莎、意大利、红提、马奶、泽香、美人指、玫瑰香10个不同品种的葡萄为试材,分别进行穿刺测试。通过模拟牙齿咀嚼浆果受力过程,编辑力-位移穿刺分析方法,建立10个穿刺参数来表征浆果质构特性,分析各质构参数间的相关性。同时分析穿刺质构参数与商品性指标间的相关性。结果表明:浆果形变度分别和果皮刚度、跌落位移以及跌落脆性成显著负相关（p<0.05）,和穿刺果皮功成显著正相关（p<0.05）,和果肉匀质指数以及穿刺果肉功极显著负相关（p<0.01）。单果粒重分别和果皮硬度、果皮刚度、跌落硬度和果肉硬度成显著正相关（p<0.05）。浆果横径和跌落脆性成显著负相关（p<0.05）。浆果纵径和果皮刚度成显著正相关（p<0.05）。相关性分析结果表明,消费者可以根据某些葡萄品种的外观商品性状去选择质地适口的葡萄品种。也可以根据某些商品性指标去分析预测某个品种的耐贮运性。一些穿刺参数可以很好的体现整个葡萄浆果的质地特点。      

Authentication of Seafood Products by DNA Patterns

Due to the increase in international trade in seafood and seafood products, authentication has become a necessity. Authentication can either be done by generating species-specific protein profiles or DNA profiles. Use of PCR-based techniques has been studied since they are reliable, reproducible and low cost and they enable construction of worldwide databanks. Techniques like FINS (forensically informative nucleotide sequencing), RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), SSCP (single-stranded conformational polymorphism), RAPD and LP-RAPD (long-primer random amplified polymorphic DNA) and AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) all can contribute to establishment of methods for authentication.     

Wine produced by immobilized cells on dried raisin berries in sensory evaluation comparison with commercial products

Comparative sensory evaluation of wines produced by immobilized cells of Uvaferme 299 on dried raisin berries and free cells using the Saint Denis grape variety and of commercial Greek products (‘Biblia Chora’ rosé wine produced from the Syrah grape variety, ‘Palivos’ and ‘Strofilia’ rosé wines both produced from the Agiorgitiko grape variety) was carried out. Sensory evaluation was conducted twice by 11 tasters previously trained and a method for panel validation was proposed. Subsequently, the wines were evaluated for their aroma intension, aroma complexity, aroma elegance and overall quality. Duncan's multiple range test clearly showed that there were statistically significant differences between wines produced using different grape varieties and fermentation conditions. Linear regression analysis of the results was performed in order to investigate which sensory parameter had a significant effect on the overall quality and it revealed that only aroma elegance affected significantly the overall quality. Wine produced by immobilized cells scored a statistically higher value for its overall quality than the wine produced by free cells. Finally, discriminant sensory evaluation revealed a gooseberry, cherry, mint aroma for ‘Biblia Chora’ wine and a citrus, rose aroma for ‘Strofilia’ and ‘Palivos’ wines. Wines produced using immobilized and free cells were characterized by a fruity, banana‐like aroma, and a herbaceous note was predominant. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

浆果冰酒酿造新工艺的研究

探讨了以蓝莓、草莓、树莓、紫莓为酿造原料,利用本课题组分离的酿酒1号酵母,对浆果酿造工艺优化试验研究,确定了浆果冰酒酿造的最佳工艺为:原料分选、速冻、贮存、解冻、破碎、果浆成分调整、接入酵母低温发酵、分离、过滤、冷冻浓缩、取冰、低温陈酿、调配、除菌过滤、包装,成品。浆果冰酒新酿造工艺的开发,为浆果冰酒的生产开辟了一条新途径。     

Authentication of Green Asparagus Varieties by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT: Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used for the authentication of 2 green asparagus varieties (Taxara and UC-157), grown in Huetor-Tajar (Granada, Spain) protected by the Quality Specific Appellation "Espárragos de Huétor-Tájar". To develop the prediction model, the method chosen was modified partial least square (MPLS) regression. Two sample sets (N = 219 and N2 = 145 samples, respectively) were used to obtain the calibration equations. The standard error of cross-validation (SECV) and the r2 value were 0.082 and 0.97, respectively, for the 1st calibration set and 0.077 and 0.97 for the 2nd calibration set. The 2nd chemometric model obtained was tested with independent validation sample set (N3 = 74 samples), and the resulting values for standard error of prediction (SEP) and for r2 were 0.07 and 0.96, respectively. These results prove that NIRS is an accurate technology for identification and authentication of asparagus varieties and easily implemented in industry.     

Plant sterols in vegetables,fruits and berries

The plant sterol contents of the most important vegetables, fruits and berries available in Finland were determined by capillary gas chromatography. The sample preparation procedure included both acid and alkaline hydrolysis to liberate sterols from their conjugates. The plant sterol contents of fresh vegetables ranged from 51 to 370 mg kg^?1 fresh weight (fw) in samples obtained from retail sale. The highest contents (>300 mg kg^?1) were measured in broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and dill and the lowest (51 mg kg^?1) in potato. The range of sterol contents on a dry weight (dw) basis was high, 246–4100 mg kg^?1 dw. Considerable variation was also observed when individual samples of some vegetables were compared. Sitosterol was the main sterol (proportion 43–86%) in all vegetables except cucumber and spinach, in which Δ⁷‐sterols dominated. The total sterol contents were in the range 116–228 mg kg^?1 fw in all fresh fruits except avocado, which contained more sterols, 752 mg kg^?1 fw. In fresh berries the corresponding range was 60–279 m kg^?1 fw. The wild berries lingonberry and blueberry were better plant sterol sources than the cultivated berries blackcurrant, redcurrant and strawberry. In fruits and berries the proportion of sitosterol ranged from 61–93% total sterols. On the basis of the results, the contribution of vegetables, fruits and berries to the total average daily plant sterol intake was estimated to be ca 60 mg. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Partial characterization of a new kind of Chilean Murtilla-like berries

The aim of this research was to characterize a new kind of Chilean Murtilla-like berries (Myrteola nummularia (Poiret) Berg. Myrtaceae, called by locals as Daudapo) vs.well known Murtilla, blueberries, raspberries and black chokeberries. Polyphenols, flavonoids, flavanols and tannins and the level of antioxidant activity by ABTS, FRAP and CUPRAC radical scavenging assays of methanol extract of studied berry samples were determined and compared. It was found that the contents of the polyphenol compounds and the level of antioxidant activity in extracts of berries differ significantly (P < 0.05). The significantly highest contents of polyphenol compounds were in methanol extract of non-ripe Murtilla (121.31 ± 5.9 mg GAE/g for polyphenols; 14.43 ± 0.7, 31.79 ± 1.5, and 9.93 ± 0.3 mg CE/g for flavonoids, tannins and flavanols, respectively). Also the antioxidant activity according to ABTS, FRAP and CUPRAC was significantly highest in methanol extract for non-ripe Murtilla (878.18 ± 41.2, 486.92 ± 23.3 and 1012.42 ± 43.2 ??M TE/g, respectively). The amount of polyphenol compounds and their antioxidant activities of Murtilla berries are significantly higher than in other studied berries and are comparable with blueberries and raspberries, however, these indices in the Murtilla-like non-ripe berries were the following: 31.55 ± 1.4 mg GAE/g for polyphenols; 5.22 ± 0.3, 12.16 ± 0.6 and 2.24 ± 0.1 mg CE/g for flavonoids, tannins and flavanols; ABTS, FRAP and CUPRAC: 244.22 ± 12.1, 81.32 ± 3.9 and 203.83 ± 9.3 ??M TE/g, respectively. The correlation between the polyphenol compounds and the antioxidant activities were relatively high. DPPH kinetic measurements were used to compare, distinguish and discriminate the antiradical activity among berry methanolic extracts by multivariate analysis. 3-D fluorescence was used as an additional tool for the characterization of the polyphenol extracts during various stages of ripening and different berries cultivars. The interaction between methanol polyphenol extracts of Murtilla-like and bovine serum albumin (BSA) showed that the new kind of berries has a strong ability, as other studied berries, to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA by forming complexes.In conclusion, for the first time these berries were analyzed and compared with widely consumed cultivars, using their polyphenols' composition, antioxidant activities and fluorescence properties. The ability of Murtilla-like berries to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA and relatively high content of polyphenol compounds can be used as a new source of antioxidants.     

食品鉴伪技术研究进展

基于公众对食品安全与食品品质的意识逐步加强,食品品质认证已成为一个快速发展的领域。食品鉴伪技术为食品品质的保证提供技术支撑。本文概述了目前国内外食品鉴伪评估的分析方法和技术,比较了各种分析检测方法的适用性与特征,并分析了质谱技术对鉴伪标准的应用潜力,对质谱技术在食品品质检测以及食品鉴伪中的研究前景进行了展望。      

New histochemical observations of shot grapevine berries

This paper describes the histological structure of normal grape berries and of different shot grape berries during the first growth period (the first month after fertilisation). We focused our observations on a specific zone during fertilisation, i.e. the septum of the grape berries, which was treated with different histochemical reagents to selectively reveal phenolic compounds and certain tissues; each sample was examined by visible and ultraviolet light. The septum of control grape berries was always cellulosic, whereas the septum of shot grape berries featured lignified (scar) tissue typical of a wound reaction and associated with significant accumulation of flavonoid pigments not seen in normal grape berries. The origins of this lignified tissue are discussed.     

Quality and safety assessment of food and agricultural products by hyperspectral fluorescence imaging

Hyperspectral fluorescence imaging (HSFI) is potentially useful for assessing food and agricultural products, because it combines the merits of both hyperspectral imaging and fluorescence spectroscopy. This paper provides an introduction to HSFI: the principle and components of HSFI, calibration and image processing are described. In addition, recent advances in the application of HSFI to food and agricultural product assessment are reviewed, such as contaminant detection, constituent analysis and quality evaluation. Finally, current limitations and likely future development trends are discussed. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Authentication technologies using DNA-based approaches for meats and halal meats determination

Food authenticity and safety are major concerns for researchers, consumers, and particularly the meat industry. Meat products are targets for species substitution and adulteration due to their market value. Presently, the demand for halal products is witnessing a substantial increase. Therefore, it is essential to use appropriate science-based methods for determining the species origin of halal meat. DNA barcoding is a useful technique for the molecular identification of biological specimens, and raw and processed foods. The potential of using DNA barcoding is increasingly applied as an authentication tool for halal animal and meat products. Our review will bring together all DNA-based techniques that have been developed for the authenticity of meat derived from halal and non-halal animals and also their derivatives. Additionally, the present paper will highlight the possibility of using the DNA barcoding approach for halal meat authenticity.     

蛋白质组学在肉类真实性鉴别中的应用研究进展

基于质谱的蛋白质组学技术已逐渐应用于肉类食品的真实性鉴别中,通过对特异性生物标志物的蛋白或肽段进行鉴定、检测和定量,为确证物种的真实属性、含量及来源提供有效的技术手段。本文简要介绍蛋白质组学工作流程,对物种特异性多肽的提取、分析鉴定、热稳定性评价及筛选原则进行详细概述,列举了该技术在肉类食品的动物源性及非肉蛋白成分检测鉴别中的应用,并对其发展方向及前景进行了展望,以期为复杂的食品体系研究提供新思路,也为食品溯源提供更丰富的技术手段。     

Modern analytical methods for the detection of food fraud and adulteration by food category

This review provides current information on the analytical methods used to identify food adulteration in the six most adulterated food categories: animal origin and seafood, oils and fats, beverages, spices and sweet foods (e.g. honey), grain‐based food, and others (organic food and dietary supplements). The analytical techniques (both conventional and emerging) used to identify adulteration in these six food categories involve sensory, physicochemical, DNA‐based, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, and have been combined with chemometrics, making these techniques more convenient and effective for the analysis of a broad variety of food products. Despite recent advances, the need remains for suitably sensitive and widely applicable methodologies that encompass all the various aspects of food adulteration. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry