NiAl-based polyphase in situ composites in the NiAl---Ta---X (X = Cr, Mo, or V) systems

Polyphase in situ composites were generated by directional solidification of ternary eutectics. This work was performed to discover if a balance of properties could be produced by combining the NiAl-Laves phase and the NiAl-refractory metal phase eutectics. The systems investigated were the Ni---Al---Ta---X (X = Cr, Mo, or V) alloys. Ternary eutectics were found in each of these systems and the eutectic composition, temperature, and morphology were determined. The ternary eutectic systems examined were the NiAl---NiAlTa---(Mo, Ta), NiAl---(Cr, Al) NiTa---Cr, and the NiAl---NiAlTa---V systems. Each eutectic consists of NiAl, a C14 Laves phase, and a refractory metal phase. Directional solidification was performed by containerless processing techniques in a levitation zone refiner to minimize alloy contamination. Room temperature fracture toughness of these materials was determined by a four-point bend test. Preliminary creep behavior was determined by compression tests at elevated temperatures, 1100–1400 K. Of the ternary eutectics, the one in the NiAl---Ta---Cr system was found to be the most promising. The fracture toughness of the NiAl---(Cr, Al)NiTa---Cr eutectic was intermediate between the values of the NiAl---NiAlTa eutectic and the NiAl---Cr eutectic. The creep strength of this ternary eutectic was similar to or greater than that of the NiAl---Cr eutectic.     

定向凝固共晶生长的元胞自动机数值模拟

本文在已有的二元初生相元胞自动机（CA）方法的基础上,针对二元共晶凝固过程提出了改进的元胞自动机（MCA）模型.该模型考虑成分过冷和曲率过冷对界面形态的影响,通过界面溶质浓度守恒来获得共晶α相和β相生长速率,模拟了层片的湮灭、分叉与稳态生长.为了验证模型的可靠性,对常见的CBr₄-C₂Cl₆共晶透明合金进行了模拟,研究了抽拉速率对共晶层片间距大小的影响,模拟结果与文献中的实验结果吻合良好;同时模拟了共晶层片间距调整过程的形貌演化以及层片振荡不稳定性现象.本文将MCA模型扩展到三维定向凝固过程中,研究了共晶形态的层棒状转变机制.     

Experimental determination of thermal conductivity of solid and liquid phases in Bi−Sn and Zn−Mg binary eutectic alloys

The thermal conductivities of solid phases, K_s, for Bi-43 wt.% Sn and Zn-0.15 wt.%Mg binary alloys at their eutectic temperature are found to be 28.0 τ 1.4 and 137.4–6.9 W/Km, respectively, with a radial heat flow apparatus. The thermal conductivity ratios, R, of liquid phase to solid phase for the same alloys at their eutectic temperature are found to be 0.93 and 0.78, respectively, with a Bridgman type directional solidification apparatus. Thus, the thermal conductivities of the liquid phases, K_L, for Bi-43 wt.%Sn and Zn-0.15 wt.%Mg binary alloys at their eutectic temperature are evaluated to be 26.0−1.3 and 107.2−5.4 W/Km, respectively, from the measured values of K_s and R.     

NiAl-Mo共晶复合材料定向凝固组织特性研究

采用定向凝固技术制备出两种不同成分的NiAl-Mo共晶复合材料,研究在不同抽拉速率下该合金的凝固组织特性.结果表明:46.59Ni-45.61Al-7.8Mo(at%,下同)合金在不同抽拉速率下都形成了亚共晶组织,初生的NiAl相呈树枝晶状,并且随着抽拉的进行,优先生长方向与热流方向不一致的枝晶被逐渐淘汰;随着抽拉速率的增加,NiAl相的枝晶间距也不断的减小.44.86Ni-46.3Al-9.01Mo合金在不同抽拉速率下皆形成以棒状Mo相镶嵌在NiAl基体中的共晶组织,随着抽拉速率的增加,Mo相的平均直径和平均棒间距有越来越小的趋势,在抽拉速率达到14 mm/h以上时,Mo相由连续的、排列均匀的棒状变为断续的、排列不均匀的棒状.     

Determination of thermal conductivities of solid and liquid phases for rich-Sn compositions of Sn-Mg alloy

The variations of thermal conductivities of solid phases versus temperature for pure Sn and Sn-1 wt% Mg, Sn-2 wt% Mg, and Sn-6 wt% Mg binary alloys were measured with a radial heat flow apparatus. Thermal conductivity variations versus temperature for pure Sn and Sn-1 wt% Mg, Sn-2 wt% Mg, and Sn-6 wt% Mg binary alloys were found to be 60.60 ± 3.63, 61.99 ± 3.71, 68.29 ± 4.09, and 82.04 ± 4.92 W/Km, respectively. The thermal conductivity ratios of liquid phase to solid phase for pure Sn and eutectic Sn-2 wt% Mg alloy at their melting temperature were found to be 1.11 and 1.08, respectively, with a Bridgman type directional solidification apparatus. Thus the thermal conductivities of liquid phases for pure Sn and eutectic Sn-2 wt% Mg binary alloy at their melting temperature were evaluated to be 67.26 ± 4.03 and 73.75 ± 4.42 W/Km, respectively, by using the values of solid phase thermal conductivities and the thermal conductivity ratios of the liquid phase to the solid phase.     

Fe3Al基合金焊接技术的研究进展

纳米金属丝具有优越的敏感性、场发射效能、超强的记忆功能等特性,于是对它的研究便备受青睐.通过定向凝固NiAl-Re复相共晶,再结合选择性溶解或腐蚀的方法来制备Re纳米丝,即DSW技术.利用Bridgman定向凝固设备对NiAl-1.5at％Re共晶合金进行定向凝固,在约300 K/cm的温度梯度条件下,通过改变凝固抽拉速率获得不同的NiAl-Re准共晶组织,研究分析了NiAl-Re共晶的显微结构、凝固速率与纤维相间距、纤维大小的相关性.发现随着凝固速率的增大,纤维相间距和纤维尺寸都逐渐减小,并且两者与凝固速率的平方满足良好的线性关系.使用HCl∶H2O2的蒸馏水稀释溶液对NiA1基体进行选择性腐蚀,这一过程会形成对共晶体的各向异性腐蚀,在被腐蚀的表面上会出现直径为450～500 nm、长度不一的铼纤维丝.腐蚀得到的Re纳米丝可望应用于纳米电极阵列中.     

Effect of microstructure modulation on mechanical properties of Ti-Fe-Sn ultrafine eutectic composites

A series of (Ti_70.5Fe_29.5)_100−xSn_x alloys with x=0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 were fabricated by a suction casting into cylindrical rods with a 3 mm diameter and 50 mm length. Microstructural investigations of these alloys revealed that Sn addition was effective in modulating the phase selection, length-scale of eutectic spacing and morphology of the colony in ultrafine eutectic structures upon solidification. The spherical morphology of the ultrafine eutectic colony was effective in enhancing the plastic strain in the samples. On theother hand, the formation of the bimodal eutectic structure stemming from a large temperature difference between two eutectic temperatures had a strong influence on modulating the phase selection and length-scale of the ultrafine eutectic structures and on controlling the strength and plastic strain of the ultrafine eutectic composites.     

微机系统在合金热裂行为测试中的应用

设计了一种新的合金热裂行为测试系统.该系统通过数/模转换,用微机对凝固过程中的温度、应力和收缩信号数据进行采集和进一步的处理,并描绘其曲线.实验结果表明,在正常凝固条件下,AZ91合金并不按平衡相图凝固,而是有共晶相析出;在合金凝固后期,存在一"冲击”收缩,是"冲击”收缩导致了合金凝固过程热裂的产生.     

定向共晶组织的熔化行为

应用定向凝固／重熔技术研究了Ａｌ－Ｃｕ，Ａｌ－Ｎｉ和Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金定向生长共晶组织的熔化行为。实验结果表明：共晶组织的熔化过程与共凝固生长过程之间不存在完全的互道性。无论是规则片状或棒状共晶组织，或是不规则片状共晶组织，其熔化过程都是共晶组织的两相首先在熔化界面上同时分解，形成各自的分散相，然后这些成分不同的分散相经过进一步溶解混合才形成成分均匀的单一液相。     

Nb-Si基高温合金定向凝固制备技术的研究进展

Nb-Si基高温合金是一种具有高熔点、较低的密度以及良好的高温蠕变强度的高温结构材料,定向凝固技术可以有效改善该合金的综合力学性能。针对Nb-Si基高温合金的定向凝固技术主要有晶体提拉法、区域熔化法、整体定向凝固法等,本文综述了近年来国内外Nb-Si基高温合金的定向凝固制备技术的研究进展,并对定向凝固技术的未来发展进行了展望。     

Al-Li合金定向凝固的热溶质对流

研究了亚共晶二元Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金垂直向上定向凝固期间热溶质对流共晶生长的影响,结果表明,晶体生长初期,对流对共晶生长影响较小,能够获得规则的共晶组织,当存在非稳定性对流时,在生长方向上,β相（ＡｌＬｉ）呈非连续的短棒结构;在水平方向上,β相呈波形排列,并且还发现,非稳定性对流中存在着最不稳定波,且这种波对共晶生长上的影响最强烈,它使共晶组织粗大,并且迎着流体流动方向生长。     

Effect of SiCp content on cooling curve characteristics and solidification kinetics of Al-Si/SiCp cast composites

The purpose of this work was to explore the effect of the presence of different quantities of SiC_p on the cooling curve characteristics, latent heat released and solidification kinetics, associated with the cooling and solidification of Al-Si/SiC_p composites produced by the stir casting process. An increase in SiC_p content in A356/SiC_p metal matrix composites produces a shortening of the associated cooling curve and an increase in the eutectic growth temperature with respect to the monolithic metal matrix alloy, cooled under the same experimental conditions. The shortening of the cooling curves could be explained as a result of the measured decrease in the amount of latent heat released during solidification. The increase in the maximum eutectic growth temperature is apparently due to the nucleation of eutectic silicon by SiC_p and also to the change in the growth kinetics and morphology of the eutectic Si from fibrous to platelike. IJCMR/422     

MORPHOLOGY AND ORIENTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED α(A1)-Mg_2Si EUTECTIC

ＭＯＲＰＨＯＬＯＧＹＡＮＤＯＲＩＥＮＴＡＴＩＯＮＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＤＩＲＥＣＴＩＯＮＡＬＬＹＳＯＬＩＤＩＦＩＥＤα（Ａ１）－Ｍｇ_２ＳｉＥＵＴＥＣＴＩＣ￥Ｓ．Ｐ．Ｌｉ；Ｓ．Ｘ．Ｚｈａｏ；Ｍ．ＸＰａｎ；Ｄ．Ｑ．Ｚｈａｏ；ａｎｄＸ．Ｃ．Ｃ?..     

合金元素和凝固技术对NiAl金属间化合物的影响

本文介绍了金属间化合物NiAl的合金化与凝固技术的研究现状.介绍了合金化对NiAl的塑性、韧性和强度的影响,以及定向凝固、普通铸造和单晶制备技术对NiAl强度的影响,其中由定向凝固技术制备的NiAl与难熔金属相组成的共晶合金具有良好的高温强度和室温韧性.     

Mechanical properties and creep resistance of Mg-Li composites reinforced by MgO/Mg_2Si particles

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｇ Ｌｉａｌｌｏｙｉｓａｎｅｗａｎｄｓｕｐｅｒ ｌｉｇｈｔｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｍａ ｔｅｒｉａｌ.Ｉｔｉｓｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｓｐａｃｅａｎｄｗｅａｐｏｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｈｉｇｈｅｒｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈａｎｄｒｉｇｉｄｉｔｙ .Ｓｏｍｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ[1～8] ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｄｔｈａｔ:1 )ｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｏｆｂｉｎａｒｙａｌｌｏｙｉｓｌｏｗｅｒａｎｄｔｈｅｃｒｅｅｐｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｉｓｖｅｒｙｐｏｏｒ;2 )ｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｃａ…     

THE INFLUENCE OF C ON THE OXIDATION AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF Fe-Cr-Mn ALLOY AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

A kinetic oxidation test and an isothermal oxidation test of Fe-Cr-Mn alloys containing0.50％ to 2.69％ C were carried out at 800 and 660℃ in atmosphere.A high temperatureabrasive wear test of the alloys was also done in a self-made wear tester.A study of themorphology of the oxide film and the element distribution in the subsurface indicated that:(1) with increasing C content of the alloys the amount of eutectic carbide increased andthe Mu content in the matrix participating in the oxidation process decreased,resultingin an increase of the oxidation resistance of the alloys:(2) The high temperature wearresistance of the alloys was closely related to the bulk hardness of the alloy and theamount of eutectic carbide.The increase in hardness of the alloys increased the hightemperature wear resisance.However,it must be emphasized that the wear resistanteffect of the carbides depends strongly on the support provided by the matrix.     

High temperature phase equilibria near Ti–50 at% Al composition in Ti–Al system studied by directional solidification

High temperature phase diagram near the stoichiometric composition of TiAl has been established by the directional solidification and quenching technique. The quenched dendrite morphologies showed that the first solidified phase was the β phase in Ti–44, 46, 48 at% Al alloys and the α phase in Ti–50, 52 at% Al alloys. From the EDS analysis of the quenched dendrite tips and measurement of the temperature gradient directly recorded during directional solidification in Ti–(44–52 at%)Al alloys, the solid-liquid phase equilibria could be determined. The phase transformation temperatures were also confirmed by DTA. The phase equilibria established in this study agreed with the phase diagram that Okamoto proposed, while the β+γ two phase region, which Murray suggested, was not found near the TiAl composition. The lamellar orientation in TiAl alloys has been reported to be controlled in the growth direction in the presence of the primary β phase from a liquid. A composition in which the liquid phase was fully transformed to the β phase was selected, Ti–44 at% Al alloy, and directional solidification was performed at the growth rate of 45 mm/h. It was found that the lamellar orientation was aligned at nearly 0° and 45° to the growth direction. It is thought that the success in controlling the lamellar orientation is due to β solidification of the Ti–44 at% Al alloy at the beginning of liquid/solid transformation.     

Computation of Eutectic Concentrations and Temperature in Two-Component and Multicomponent Systems

The initial data for computation of eutectic temperature in two-component and multicomponent systems are the form of the binary phase diagrams and the melting temperatures of the components of the eutectic. The eutectic components can be pure elements, chemical compounds, or solid solutions with ultimate solubility. In salt systems these are oxides, salts, or their complexes. Statistical analysis of some phase diagrams of binary, ternary, and other multicomponent systems makes it possible to formalize the interrelation between the eutectic temperature and the melting temperature of eutectic components. The dependences obtained have been used for developing methods of direct and successive computation of eutectic temperature and concentration in two-component and multicomponent systems. In order to reduce the error the elements and their compounds have been classified according to the electron structure and physicochemical properties in accordance with the Periodic System. The methods developed have been used for determining the temperature and concentration conditions of a boronizing process ensuring a liquid crystal state of treated surfaces at saturation temperatures with the aim of formation of pseudoeutectic structures of boronized layers on nickel alloys and high-speed steels.     

Joining of Cu,Ni, and Ti Using Au-Ge-Based High-Temperature Solder Alloys

Au-Ge-based solder alloys are promising alternatives to lead containing solders due to the fact that they offer a combination of interesting properties such as good thermal and electrical conductivity and high corrosion resistance in addition to a relatively low melting temperature (361 °C for eutectic Au-28Ge at.%). By adding a third element to the eutectic Au-28Ge alloy not only the Au content could be reduced but also the melting temperatures could be further decreased. In this study, in addition to the eutectic Au-28Ge (at.%) two ternary alloys were chosen from the Au-Ge-Sb and Au-Ge-Sn system, respectively. The soldering behavior of these alloys in combination with the frequently used metals Cu, Ni, and Ti was investigated. The interface reactions and microstructures of the joints were characterized in detail by SEM and EDX analysis. For the determination of the mechanical properties, shear tests were conducted. Mean shear strength values up to 104 MPa could be achieved.