溶胶—凝胶法制备的SiO2膜的结构与性质

本文用ＴＥＯＳ和硅溶胶作原料，用溶胶－凝胶法制备了无支撑体和有支撑体的ＳｉＯ２膜。用ＴＥＯＳ制得的无支撑体ＳｉＯ２膜，无１．７ｎｍ以上的微孔，由硅溶胶制得的无支撑体ＳｉＯ２膜平均孔径为７．５ｎｍ，且孔径分布集中，这种差异主要来自于由不同原料制备的溶胶，其聚合物分子具有不同的形态和生长模式。用ＴＥＯＳ作原料，在无过滤层的α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３多孔支撑体上制得了无大孔缺陷、厚约１５μｍ的ＳｉＯ２膜，膜对ＢＳＡ     

超细孔二氧化硅膜的制备研究

以正硅酸乙酯（ＴＥＯＳ）为原料，采用溶胶－凝胶技术在多孔陶瓷载体上制备出具有３．０ｎｍ孔径的ＳｉＯ２陶瓷膜。考察了制膜过程中ＴＥＯＳ、乙醇、水的相对量；酸碱催化和ｐＨ值；热处理温度及成膜助剂对膜性能的影响。在自制的单管膜分离器上，测定了Ｏ２、Ｎ２、ＣＯ２和ＣＨ４等气体在ＳｉＯ２陶瓷膜上的渗透性能。     

纳米级微孔SiO2玻璃材料制备技术研究I.纳米级微孔SiO2玻璃粉末的…

在研究了不同酸碱催化剂，不同化学添加助剂，不同热处理工艺对以正硅酸乙酯（ＴＥＯＳ）为原料，用溶胶－凝胶法制得的纳米级微孔ＳｉＯ２玻璃粉的微孔尺寸有比表面积影响的基础上，进行了工艺条件的优化，制备出孔径分布范围在１～２０ｎｍ之间的多种微孔玻璃粉，可用作纳米级微孔基质条件。     

纳米级微孔SiO_2玻璃材料制备技术研究Ⅰ.纳米级微孔SiO_2玻璃粉末的研制

在研究了不同酸碱催化剂、不同化学添加助剂、不同热处理工艺对以正硅酸乙酯（ＴＥＯＳ）为原料、用溶胶－凝胶法制得的纳米级微孔ＳｉＯ２玻璃粉的微孔尺寸及比表面积影响的基础上，进行了工艺条件的优化，制备出孔径分布范围在１～２０ｎｍ之间的多种微孔玻璃粉，可用作纳米级微孔基质材料。     

以无机盐为原料制备钇稳定的氧化锆超滤膜

用无机盐ＺｒＯＣｌ_２·８Ｈ_２Ｏ和Ｙ（ＮＯ_３）_３·６Ｈ_２Ｏ为原料,以溶胶－凝胶技术路线,在多孔氧化铝支撑体上成功地制备了记稳定的氧化锆（ＹＳＺ）陶瓷膜．扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）分析表明,用沉淀、胶溶、成膜的溶胶－凝胶技术,不能制备表面无龟裂的ＹＳＺ膜．沉淀用共沸蒸馏法干燥,得到高分散性的ＹＳＺ粉体,再用超声法制备ＹＳＺ氧化物胶体,通过浸渍成膜,ＳＥＭ分析证明,ＹＳＺ膜表面无明显缺陷．室温氮气渗透实验进一步证明,膜结构完整．用等温氮吸附实验测定了无支撑体膜的孔径大小和分布,平均孔径约为６ｎｍ．用激光散射技术测定ＹＳＺ胶体粒子平均半径为１１６ｎｍ,透射电子显微镜观察表明,胶体粒子由大小约为２０ｎｍ的晶粒组成．     

Pd/γ-Al2O3复合催化膜的热稳定性

由溶胶凝胶法制备出Ｐｄ/γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化膜及镧掺杂改性的Ｌａ/Ｐｄ/γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜,研究了镧的掺杂对Ｐｄ/γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜热稳定性的影响．用ＤＴＡ、ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ分别对膜的晶相和微孔结构(包括比表面积、孔径和孔容)进行了研究,结果发现:镧的掺杂明显提高了α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的相变温度和高温下Ｐｄ/γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化膜的热稳定性．Ｐｄ/γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３经１１００℃处理５ｈ后,其比表面积、孔径和孔容分别为４．４６ｍ２/ｇ、３５．１ｎｍ和０．０５１ｃｍ３/ｇ,而经镧掺杂改性的Ｌａ/Ｐｄ/γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜的比表面积、孔径和孔容分别为５１．６ｍ２/ｇ、７．２ｎｍ和０．１３８ｃｍ３/ｇ．     

纳米级微孔SiO_2玻璃材料制备技术研究Ⅲ.纳米级微孔SiO_2玻璃球的研制

以水玻璃为原料，用溶胶凝胶法，在着重研究了溶胶中ＳｉＯ２含量和湿凝胶干燥温度对产品性能影响的基础上，优选工艺条件，制得了粒径为１～２ｍｍ，孔径为１～６ｎｍ，比表面积达３６０～７００ｍ２／ｇ范围的多种纳米级微孔ＳｉＯ２玻璃球。比表面积和孔径数据表明，本文方法可作为制备纳米级微孔基质材料的一种成本较低廉的新工艺。     

溶胶法涂覆碳化硅晶须的工艺研究

以Ａｌ（ＮＯ３）３为原料用溶胶法成功地在ＳｉＣ晶须表面涂覆了一层厚２－１０ｎｍ的Ａｌ２Ｏ３。结果表明，溶胶浓度，ＰＨ值，涂覆方式以及有机分散剂对涂覆效果有显著影响。涂覆使ＳｉＣ晶须的抗氧化能力明显增强，涂层与晶须结合较为牢固。     

溶胶法涂覆碳化硅昌须的工艺研究

以Ａｌ（ＮＯ３）３为原料用溶胶法成功地在ＳｉＣ晶须表面涂覆了一层厚２－１０ｎｍ的Ａｌ２Ｏ３结果表明，溶胶浓度，ＰＨ值，涂覆方式以及有机分散剂对涂覆效果有显著影响，涂覆使ＳｉＣ晶须的抗氧化能力明显增强，涂层与晶须结合较为牢固。     

硼掺杂的γ-Al_2O_3催化膜的制备及其热稳定性的研究

在勃姆石Ａ１ＯＯＨ溶胶中引入一定量的Ｈ２ＢＯ３溶液,经不同温度的热处理,制成不同硼掺杂含量的无支撑的γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化膜．用ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ分别对膜的晶相和膜的微孔结构,包括比表面积、孔径和孔容进行了研究,结果发现：随着硼含量的增加,在低温下,膜的比表面积和孔容都不断增加,而对孔径的影响不大;经１２００℃处理后,未掺杂硼的膜的比表面积,孔径和孔容分别为 ５．４ｍ２／ｇ, ４９ｎｍ和 ０．０６３ｃｍ３／ｇ,而经掺杂 １６％摩尔硼的膜的比表面积,孔径和孔容分别为 ３５ｍ２／ｇ, １３ｎｍ和 ０．２２５ｃｍ２／ｇ,这说明硼的掺杂对 γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜的热稳定性有很好的改善作用．     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.