Mn-Fe-Ce/Al_2O_3/堇青石催化剂低温NH_3-SCR脱硝性能研究

先采用溶胶凝胶法在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体上涂覆铝溶胶浆液,再通过浸渍法负载活性组分Mn和助剂,制备了NH3选择性催化还原NOx低温脱硝催化剂Mn-Fe-Ce/Al2O3/堇青石,实验结果显示:Ce和Fe的添加可以明显提高催化剂的低温脱硝活性,在体积空速4 000 h-1时和120℃条件下,NO转化率由86.3%提高到93.5%,并且在120~300℃范围内,NO的转化率均保持在93%以上。XRD、BET、NH3-TPD和H2-TPR结果表明:Fe和Ce改性后增加了催化剂的比表面积和孔体积、酸性位点、NH3的吸附能力和氧化能力,提高了催化剂的SCR活性。     

Mn-Fe-Ce/TiO2低温NH3选择性催化还原NO

采用浸渍法制备了MnO2-Fe2O3-CeO2/TiO2催化剂用于低温NH3选择性催化还原烟气中NO,考察了Mn, Fe, Ce含量及焙烧温度对NH3选择性催化还原NO的活性和抗水性能的影响. 在气体体积空速(GHSV)=24000 h-1, NH3/NO=0.8(j), 350℃煅烧和烟气含3%(j) O2的条件下,该系列催化剂的脱硝活性为MnO2-Fe2O3-CeO2/TiO2>MnO2- Fe2O3/TiO2>MnO2/TiO2,且在200℃时MnO2(10)-Fe2O3(5)-CeO2(5)/TiO2的脱硝率为95%. 对含10%(j)水蒸汽的烟气,MnO2(10)-Fe2O3(5)-CeO2(5)/TiO2的脱硝活性维持在87%;在10%(j)水蒸汽和100′10-6 SO2共存条件下,短时间内脱硝活性维持在55%.     

降低船舶NO_x排放的紧凑型SCR实验

采用浸渍法制备铬基催化剂,在10%Cr/TiO_2基础上研究锑负载量对催化剂催化氧化NO活性的影响。结果表明,350℃焙烧的10%Cr10%Sb/TiO_2催化剂具有最佳的NO催化氧化活性,在NO体积分数为0.07%、O2体积分数为5%,空速27 000 h-1条件下,260℃时NO氧化率可达到50%,满足紧凑型SCR条件。XPS表明新鲜催化剂表面铬主要以Cr3+形式存在,经NO催化氧化反应后出现Cr6+。此外考察SO_2对催化剂的影响发现,加入体积分数为0.03%的SO_2后,350℃时10%Cr10%Sb/TiO_2催化剂经15.6 h后效率由50%缓慢下降并稳定在17%,热再生后活性完全恢复。在NO催化氧化联合SCR实验中发现,当NO氧化率为46%时促成的紧凑型SCR在高空速下仍具有很高的脱硝率。空速为300 000 h-1、200℃时紧凑型SCR脱硝率达到90%,比标准SCR提高了39.5个百分点。可有效解决船舶SCR布设空间不足的问题。     

微波热解制备γ-Fe2O3催化剂及其SCR脱硝性能

以 FeSO4·7H2O[Fe(NO3)3·9H2O]为铁源,采用新型微波热解法制备γ-Fe2O3[α-Fe2O3]催化剂样品,通过XRD、N2等温吸附-脱附、压汞法等实验手段对催化剂样品晶相、微观孔结构等进行表征;考察两种催化剂样品的 NH3-SCR 脱硝性能,通过归一化处理得到两种催化剂在不同温度下的本征脱硝反应速率,同时对比研究了γ-Fe2O3与钒系催化剂的脱硝活性;研究氨氮比、氧浓度等运行参数对γ-Fe2O3催化剂NH3-SCR脱硝性能的影响规律,并对其抗硫抗水性能进行考察。结果表明：采用新型微波热解法可得到纯度较高的γ-Fe2O3催化剂,其介孔分布合理且大孔数量丰富;同时γ-Fe2O3催化剂表现出优于α-Fe2O3催化剂的脱硝性能,400℃时最大 NOx转化率达到96%,300、325、350℃下单位面积脱硝速率达到α-Fe2O3催化剂的3倍左右;γ-Fe2O3催化剂具备优良的抗硫抗水性能,其最佳氨氮比为1、最佳氧体积分数为3.5%。     

V2O5/AC催化剂吸附NH3及其选择性还原脱硝活性

在不同活性焦(Activated Coke, AC)载体上以等体积浸渍法负载V2O5,制备出一系列V2O5/AC催化剂. 通过NH3暂态响应实验和NH3穿透时间实验考察了在200℃下V2O5/AC的表面积、灰分、表面官能团和V2O5对NH3的吸附量及NO的选择性催化还原活性的影响. 结果表明,对于载体未经硝酸处理的催化剂,NH3的吸附位主要是V2O5(参与脱硝反应的NH3的吸附量与催化剂上V2O5负载量的比值为1:5),活性焦及其中的灰分对NH3的吸附量很小;硝酸处理在活性焦表面引入的含氧和含氮酸性官能团对参与脱硝反应的NH3的吸附量是V2O5上吸附量的1.3倍,这些官能团不影响V2O5对NH3的吸附;活性焦上吸附的NH3的脱硝活性很低,但可迁移至V2O5上参与脱硝.     

立方相纳米氧化锆基催化剂脱硝机理研究

以纳米c-ZrO2为载体,用浸渍法制备出MnOx-CeO2/c-ZrO2催化剂,考察了组分负载量、反应温度对催化剂NH3-SCR脱硝活性影响,探讨了催化剂表面织构特征,分析了催化剂脱硝活性机理.结果显示,增加活性组分负载量和反应温度,催化剂脱硝效率增加,100℃时,2.5％ MnOx-CeO2/c-ZrO2脱硝效率为65.3％,15％ MnOx-CeO2/c-ZrO2脱硝效率达97.9％.XRD、BET、XPS、H2-TPR表征结果表明,负载后催化剂表面织构对脱硝反应有利.NH3-TPD测试显示,MnOx-CeO2/c-ZrO2催化剂表面Lewis酸位为强酸性位,NH3吸附在Lewis酸性位形成配位态NH3,经生成NH2 NO最后分解为N2和H2O.     

以偏钛酸为原料的催化剂的脱硝性能研究

以偏钛酸为原料通过浸渍法和固相物质的热分解法来制备以NH3为还原剂选择性催化还原NOx的催化剂V2O5-WO3/TiO2。着重考察催化剂组成、NH3/NO摩尔比和模拟烟气中O2浓度对催化剂脱硝性能的影响。催化剂的脱硝性能测试结果表明催化剂V2O5(1.2%)-WO3(8.8%)/TiO2具有较高的催化活性和较宽的活性温度窗口,NO的转化率最高可达98.77%。综合考虑NH3逃逸、设备腐蚀和环境问题,NH3/NO摩尔比控制在1.2以内比较合适;富氧条件对脱硝催化反应的进行更有利。     

典型陶瓷基体对催化滤芯中催化剂分散及脱硝活性的影响

具有脱硝除尘一体化功能的催化滤芯在小型燃烧烟气处理中具有广泛的应用前景。采用3种典型商用陶瓷滤芯,涂覆V2O5-WO3-Mo O3/Ti O2脱硝催化剂,制备了具有脱硝除尘一体化功能的催化滤芯材料,考察了陶瓷滤芯的化学成分和孔径结构对NH3-SCR脱硝性能的影响。XRD、XRF、SEM、压汞等分析测试结果表明:碱金属与碱土金属元素含量低且孔径分布均匀的纤维状结构陶瓷滤芯,促进了催化剂分散,提升了脱硝活性,且降低了压降。催化滤芯在220~380℃、过滤面速度1 m·min-1、NH3/NO=1条件下脱硝率大于90%;抗水蒸气(15%,体积分数)和SO2中毒(3×10-2%,体积分数)测试表明催化滤芯在260~450℃温区内依然保持脱硝率大于90%,可满足催化滤芯实际工业应用要求。     

活性炭负载磷钨酸用于烟气脱硝抗水性能实验研究

通过硝酸活化和高温水热活化方法对活性炭进行表面改性,之后在改性活性炭上负载不同含量的磷钨酸考察催化剂在有水蒸汽条件下的催化氧化脱硝催化活性,初始反应条件为：温度80 ℃,空速800 h^-1,O₂体积分数为5%、H₂O体积分数为4.2%、NO含量为443 mg·m^-3。通过FT-IR表征制备的催化剂评价前后表面有机活性基团的变化,将不同磷钨酸负载量下活性炭催化剂的脱硝活性评价结果和红外光谱结合,结果表明,湿气条件下,磷钨酸负载质量分数为10%时制备的催化剂能够较好地保持催化氧化脱硝稳定性,NO脱除效率约40%。考察不同操作参数,如温度、水蒸汽含量、O₂含量和空速对负载质量分数10%磷钨酸的活性炭催化剂催化氧化脱硝抗水性能的影响,最优操作条件：温度120 ℃,O₂体积分数8%,水蒸汽体积分数6%,空速1 000 h^-1,催化氧化反应的NO转化率达62%。     

Mo/Mn-TiO_2催化剂的脱硝活性及抗SO_2性能

采用浸渍法制备了Mo/Mn-TiO_2催化剂并用于实验室固定床氨选择性催化还原NO过程(NH3-SCR),NO脱除实验结果表明,在160~440℃温度范围内,单独掺入Mn即可大幅提高催化脱硝活性,且在160~280℃温度范围内脱硝效率90%,使得脱硝活性温度窗口显著向低温偏移;继续掺入Mo后,脱硝效率在120~200℃温度范围内存在不同程度下降,但在240~440℃温度范围内则得到进一步改善;Mn-TiO_2催化剂脱硝活性随SO_2浓度的升高而降低,且在较低反应温度下SO_2中毒程度愈为明显;继续掺入Mo后其抗SO_2中毒性能得到较大提升,240℃反应温度、SO_2体积分数0.05%时脱硝效率仍保持90%以上。结合BET、EDX、H_2-TPR、XRD和XPS等现代分析技术对催化剂的孔隙结构、表面元素分布、反应活性及特征元素形态等进行了系统表征,阐明了Mo/Mn-TiO_2催化剂的脱硝及抗SO_2中毒机理。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。