焦炉气常压非催化转化工艺自控系统

介绍了焦炉气常压非催化转化工艺控制系统及控制方案,特别是焦炉气与蒸汽的比值调节程序结合串级调节的控制思路,使焦炉气常压非催化转化工艺易于控制和实现,控制手段先进,方法可靠,在同行业及相关行业值得推广.     

兖矿焦炉气制甲醇项目技术创新分析

简述了山东兖矿国际焦化有限公司23.65万t/a焦炉气制甲醇项目工艺技术路线及应用成果,分析了该项目中的相关技术创新:新型转化炉筑炉技术、新型烃类转化催化剂、焦炉气饱和塔工艺技术和大型气体加热炉等。焦炉气制甲醇装置大型工业化运行实践表明,各项工艺参数均达到预期指标,解决了焦化行业富裕焦炉气的利用难题,经济效益显著。     

焦炉气转化气作为甲醇精馏热源的应用总结

0引言 我公司200kt／a焦炉气配水煤气制甲醇项目于2008年6月投产。该项目利用公司焦化厂的32650m^3／h焦炉气为主要原料,焦炉气中甲烷转化采用纯氧转化工艺,甲醇精馏采用预精馏塔、加压精馏塔、常压精馏塔、回收塔的“三加一塔”工艺流程。     

焦炉气催化纯氧转化的PRO/Ⅱ模拟计算及分析

对焦炉气制甲醇催化纯氧转化反应进行了分析,建立了焦炉气催化纯氧转化反应的PRO/Ⅱ计算模型,并以文献数据和某项目的设计数据为基础对模型进行了验证。讨论了以焦炉气为原料生产甲醇合成气的局限性,提出配套建设煤制合成气项目,可提高煤炭资源的综合利用效率。     

蒸焦加热炉在焦炉气甲烷部分氧化工艺中的作用

1 概述 在焦炉气作为合成氨原料气时,要将焦炉气中所含20％～25％的甲烷转化成一氧化碳和氢气,可采用蒸汽转化法和部分氧化法。我公司采用部分氧化法。甲烷的转化是在温度1000℃、压力2MPa、借助催化剂的作用在转化炉中进行的。部分氧化法,由于进转化炉中的蒸汽一焦炉气(蒸焦)混合气加热方式不同,有两种流程:一种是利用转     

焦炉气转化补重油可行性分析

针对焦炉气制甲醇氢气过剩,提出在焦炉气非催化部分氧化转化过程中补加部分重油的设想,并从技术经济上进行可行性分析。     

焦炉气制甲醇工艺中硫化物的脱除

介绍了以煤为原料,经纯氧连续气化得到焦炉气,焦炉气经净化、甲烷转化,合成甲醇的工艺流程。讨论了焦炉气中硫化物的存在对甲烷转化催化剂、甲醇合成催化剂活性的影响。采用湿法脱硫串干法脱硫的方法,以及两次催化加氢串两次氧化锌脱硫工艺,有效脱除了焦炉气中的H_2S、COS、CS_2、硫醚、硫醇和噻吩等硫化物,探讨了有机硫化物噻吩的脱除方法,并比较了各种方法的优缺点。     

半湿法熄焦与焦炉气综合利用优化组合方式探讨

分析了焦化产业湿法熄焦技术存在的问题,简述了现有焦炉综合利用技术的现状及发展瓶颈;提出了半湿法焦炉气制天然气联产甲醇的新工艺。结果表明,该工艺具有以下优势:①可提高焦炉气产量,调整焦炉气有效成分,改善湿法熄焦工况;②可省去单一焦炉气制甲醇装置的转化工序和空分设备,节省项目投资;③可省去单一焦炉气制天然气装置中的甲烷化工艺过程,剔除了甲烷化技术瓶颈的约束。     

焦炉气制乙二醇工艺技术方案优化和经济性分析

为深度利用焦炉气资源,以焦炉气为原料进行转化并生产高附加值化学品,实现焦化企业节能减排和提高经济效益,结合理论及工程经验,对不同焦炉气制取乙二醇的技术方案进行全工艺流程优化,重点对比了焦炉气催化部分氧化和非催化部分氧化技术,同时对全厂工艺方案进行了经济性分析。结果表明:焦炉气转化制取合成气对全厂工艺方案影响较大,采用焦炉气非催化氧化技术制取合成气,合成气经净化和分离后制取乙二醇全厂工艺方案更优,具有投资低、消耗低和流程短等优点,乙二醇生产成本为3 974元/t,其财务内部收益率分别为25. 38%(税前)和20. 80%(税后),盈利能力较强,具备良好的经济效益和广阔的应用前景。     

间歇转化工艺流程的改进——焦炉气间歇转化串中变制合成氨原料气

<正> 一、前言焦炉气间歇转化串中变制合成氨原料气工艺流程,是我院经过试验首先用于山东省一家焦化厂转化焦炉气生产合成氨设计中。生产运行证明,该术艺流程设计合理,具有设备少、材料易于取得,能耗低,投资省和操作方便,运行可靠等许多优点。目前,国内常见的转化焦炉气制合成氨工艺流程,主要有部份氧化法、蒸汽二段转化法、蒸汽间歇转化法等。部份氧化法因为转化工段要有配套的富氧空气装置、工艺流程较长、投资较大,一般中小型氮肥厂较难采用;二段蒸汽转化法因为需要价格昂贵的特殊钢材,材料     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。