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Risto Kulmala 《Accident; analysis and prevention》2010,42(4):1359-1369
There is a need to develop a comprehensive framework for the safety assessment of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). This framework should: (1) cover all three dimensions of road safety—exposure, crash risk and consequence, (2) cover, in addition to the engineering effect, also the effects due to behavioural adaptation and (3) be compatible with the other aspects of state of the art road safety theories. A framework based on nine ITS safety mechanisms is proposed and discussed with regard to the requirements set to the framework. In order to illustrate the application of the framework in practice, the paper presents a method based on the framework and the results from applying that method for twelve intelligent vehicle systems in Europe. The framework is also compared to two recent frameworks applied in the safety assessment of intelligent vehicle safety systems. 相似文献
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The supra-molecular assemblies and optical properties of the symmetrical neutral porphyrin chromophore, meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphine, bound to a modified alpha-zirconium phosphate framework have been studied. The interlayer distance of the cetyltrimethylammonium zirconium phosphate framework is 39.6 angstroms. After the addition of meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphine to the framework, the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) patterns show that the interlayer distance of the framework is 30.3 angstroms, demonstrating the formation of novel assemblies. In the framework, organic chromophores are assumed to align in a canted monolayer. The interaction of organic chromophores with the framework causes noticeable red shifts of the Soret absorption band from 416 to 427 nm. In contrast, the luminescence peak is blue shifted from 660 nm in aqueous media to 648 nm when meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphine is bound to the framework. Furthermore, the emission yield of the organic chromophore in the framework is dramatically enhanced compared to that of organic aqueous solutions. The spectroscopic change of meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphine is ascribed to the unique microenvironments of the nano-lamellar framework. The juxtaposition of the porphyrin chromophores in the framework tunes their electronic interactions. In comparison, the organic chromophores also attempted to bind with another modified alpha-zirconium phosphate, n-butylammonium zirconium phosphate. However, the chromophores could not enter into n-butylammonium zirconium phosphate due to its smaller interlayer distance (18.8 angstroms). 相似文献
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The Event Sequence Diagram (ESD) framework allows modeling of dynamic situations of interest to PRA analysts. A qualitative presentation of the framework was given in an earlier article. The mathematical formulation for the components of the ESD framework is described in this article. The formulation was derived from the basic probabilistic dynamics equations. For tackling certain dynamic non-Markovian situations, the probabilistic dynamics framework was extended. The mathematical treatment of dependencies among fault trees in a multi layered ESD framework is also presented. 相似文献
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基于Web的MVC framework在J2EE的世界内空前繁荣,几乎每隔一两个星期就会有新的MVC框架发布。很多国内软件公司也有一套自己的开发框架,但其中绝大多数是对现有开源框架的整合,少有完全自行设计的框架,本文在借鉴主流开源框架Struts,webwork的基础上,设计并实现了一套轻量级J2EE快速开发框架。 相似文献
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The objective of this research was to develop an integrated framework to handle application modules in enterprise resource planning (ERP) and supply chain management (SCM) systems that traditionally needs to be interfaced on a case-by-case basis. This paper presents a framework integrating various modules in both systems, for planning, control and execution of materials, resources and operations. The framework enables planning and execution over a range of areas, from flow to project-based manufacturing and distribution from suppliers to customers. This document presents the conceptual framework development along with algorithms for scheduling paths, and illustrated numerical examples in the supply chain environment. The numerical evaluation of scheduling paths and planning of components, in the integrated networks, shows that the developed framework could cater for ERP/SCM application modules. The framework also facilitates simultaneous planning of many components, and eliminates the need for separate modules in ERPSCM systems. It enhances planning, control and execution, and simplifies the vendor follow-up system by integrating supplier components into the integrated network. The framework therefore becomes a new production planning (PP) module in integrated ERP/SCM systems and can provide links to other manufacturing philosophies, such as just-in-time (JIT). 相似文献
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INTEGRATED SHOP FLOOR CONTROL USING AUTONOMOUS AGENTS 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
In this paper, we present a generic framework for controlling the work flow in computer controlled manufacturing systems. Based on a market-like model and a combination of objective and price mechanism, the framework allows heterogeneous job objectives, admits job priorities, recognizes multiple resources types, and allows multiple step negotiation between parts and resources. The framework is designed to accommodate frequent changes in the environment such as machine failures, tool shortages, and process requirement variations. An object-oriented simulation system is built to demonstrate the flexibility and effectiveness of die proposed framework. The results show that the proposed framework provides a foundation for highly adaptive, real time shop floor control. 相似文献
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罗丹 《成组技术与生产现代化》2008,25(3):52-56
针对如何整合企业应用资源,提出了基于SOA的企业应用集成架构,针对建立的集成架构,对其核心业务层的基础服务进行了设计,包括业务流程引擎、消息可靠性传输和安全管理服务. 相似文献
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In this paper we present and discuss a decision framework for risk management. The framework comprises the basic elements: problem definition (challenges, goals and alternatives), stakeholders, concerns that affect the consequence analyses and the value judgments related to these consequences and analyses (frame conditions and constraints), identification of which consequence analyses to execute and the execution of these, managerial review and judgement, and the decision. The framework has novel aspects on the way of classifying the decision situations and characterising risks. The classification is based on the two dimensions, expected consequences, and uncertainties. Our starting point is the offshore oil and gas industry, but our framework and discussion is to a large extent general and could also be applied in other areas. An example is outlined to illustrate the use of the framework. 相似文献
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提出了一种新的基于软交换的业务提供框架,该框架可以同时提供对Parlay和传统SCP业务的支持。并在对现有的业务接口进行详细分析和比较的基础上,设计出一种适用于该框架的能力完善,易于升级的X接口。 相似文献
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Mangena Venu Madhavan Dang Ngoc Hoang Thanh Aditya Khamparia Sagar Pande Rahul Malik Deepak Gupta 《计算机、材料和连续体(英文)》2021,66(3):2939-2955
Disease recognition in plants is one of the essential problems in agricultural image processing. This article focuses on designing a framework that can recognize and classify diseases on pomegranate plants exactly. The framework utilizes image processing techniques such as image acquisition, image resizing, image enhancement, image segmentation, ROI extraction (region of interest), and feature extraction. An image dataset related to pomegranate leaf disease is utilized to implement the framework, divided into a training set and a test set. In the implementation process, techniques such as image enhancement and image segmentation are primarily used for identifying ROI and features. An image classification will then be implemented by combining a supervised learning model with a support vector machine. The proposed framework is developed based on MATLAB with a graphical user interface. According to the experimental results, the proposed framework can achieve 98.39% accuracy for classifying diseased and healthy leaves. Moreover, the framework can achieve an accuracy of 98.07% for classifying diseases on pomegranate leaves. 相似文献
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一种基于知识地图集的知识管理系统模型框架 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
在分析知识管理、知识管理系统(KMS)的含义和知识地图集技术的特点的基础上,提出了一种基于知识地图集的KMS模型框架,并且分析了该模型框架中知识地图集的组成及功能,讨论了KMS中知识地图集和知识存储之间的关系。依据该模型框架,组织易于构建知识管理系统,实现知识资源的共享与充分运用。最后,通过一个实例分析进一步说明了该模型框架的应用。 相似文献
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Numerical results can be conveyed effectively to any one using an object-oriented framework. Therefore, it becomes essential to couple the object-oriented approach with numerical analysis. A simple object-oriented methodology for creating a graphical user interface (GUI) as a framework is presented. This work tries to fill a gap between scientific computer code written in a noninteractive way and interactive programming in materials processing. The GUI interface framework has been created in such a way that at any point of time one need not create a new GUI framework. The user only needs to create the process object and attach it to the framework. Two examples have been presented involving interactive finite volume-based gas carburizing and interactive finite difference-based Acheson process (used for the production of silicon carbide). 相似文献
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Online monitoring and diagnosis of batch processes: empirical model-based framework and a case study
An empirical model-based framework for monitoring and diagnosing batch processes is proposed. With the input of past successful and unsuccessful batches, the off-line portion of the framework constructs empirical models. Using online process data of a new batch, the online portion of the framework makes monitoring and diagnostic decisions in a real-time basis. The proposed framework consists of three phases: monitoring, diagnostic screening, and diagnosis. For monitoring and diagnosis purposes, the multiway principal-component analysis (MPCA) model and discriminant model are adopted as reference models. As an intermediate step, the diagnostic screening phase narrows down the possible cause candidates of the fault in question. By analysing the MPCA monitoring model, the diagnostic screening phase constructs a variable influence model to screen out unlikely cause candidates. The performance of the proposed framework is tested using a real dataset from a PVC batch process. It has been shown that the proposed framework produces reliable diagnosis results. Moreover, the inclusion of the diagnostic screening phase as a pre-diagnostic step has improved the diagnosis performance of the proposed framework, especially in the early time intervals. 相似文献
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A Dynamic Maintenance Planning Framework Based on Fuzzy TOPSIS and FMEA: Application in an International Food Company
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Hasan Selim Mualla Gonca Yunusoglu Şebnem Yılmaz Balaman 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2016,32(3):795-804
A maintenance planning framework is developed in this study to reduce and stabilize the maintenance costs of the manufacturing companies. The framework is based on fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS) and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) techniques and supports maintenance planning decisions in a dynamic way. The proposed framework is general and can easily be adapted to a host of manufacturing environments in a variety of sectors. To determine the maintenance priorities of the machines, fuzzy TOPSIS technique is employed. In this regard, ‘risk priority number’ obtained by FMEA and ‘current technology’, ‘substitutability’, ‘capacity utilization’, and ‘contribution to profit’ are used as the criteria. Performance of the resulting maintenance plan is monitored, and maintenance priorities of the machines are updated by the framework. To confirm the viability of the proposed framework, a real‐world implementation in an international food company is presented. The results of the application reveal that the proposed maintenance planning framework can effectively and efficiently be used in practice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A framework is developed for the evaluation of risk reduction measures using value/impact assessment. The framework includes methods to deal with such issues as uncertainty, economic discounting, and socio-political decisions which might affect the analysis. The framework is applied to the case of a nuclear reactor mitigation system. 相似文献
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Advanced human-machine interfaces are rapidly changing the interaction between humans and systems, with the level of abstraction of the presented information, the human task characteristics, and the modes of communication all affected. To accommodate the changes in the human/system co-working environment, an extended communication analysis framework is needed that can describe and relate the tasks, verbal exchanges, and information interface. This paper proposes an extended analytic framework, referred to as the H-H-S (human-human-system) communication analysis framework, which can model the changes in team communication that are emerging in these new working environments. The stage-specific decision-making model and analysis tool of the proposed framework make the analysis of team communication easier by providing visual clues. The usefulness of the proposed framework is demonstrated with an in-depth comparison of the characteristics of communication in the conventional and advanced main control rooms of nuclear power plants. 相似文献
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断路器的分合闸同期性对断路器的可靠运行,甚至电网运行的稳定性都有很大的影响。本文以ZN□-12型真空断路器为研究对象,通过分析断路器运动过程建立框架的受力数学模型,利用动力学仿真软件ADAMS对断路器分合闸运动过程的动作机理进行分析,利用静力学分析软件ANSYS分析得到断路器框架的变形情况,得到影响框架受力的主要参数指标,有效指导了断路器框架的设计,根据力学仿真结果设计的断路器框架不仅满足断路器的机械特性要求,而且提高了断路器的分合闸同期性、机械寿命与工作可靠性。最后根据仿真结果投制试验样机进行厂内10000次寿命摸底试验,验证了本文设计的可靠性,该建模与分析方法为今后真空断路器的结构设计与功能优化提供了有益参考。 相似文献
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This paper describes a framework that formalizes within a concurrent engineering approach the key steps in the process of manufacturing systems design. Many of the functions performed by industrial engineers, ergonomists and process planners are included in the framework and may be used iteratively as design detail is progressively added. The paper describes the framework and prototype software, indicates how the framework is evaluated and illustrates how a workplace may be designed. The emphasis of the work is the design of human centred manual assembly systems. The overall objective of the work is to improve the process of manufacturing systems design. 相似文献