Relationship between interfacial structure and property of steel-mushy Al-28Pb bonding-pate

1INTRODUCTION SteelAl28Pbbondingplateismadeupof steelplateandAl28Pballoylayer[13].Steelplate hasahigherstrength,andAl28Pballoylayerhasexcellentheatconductivityandperfectlubricating property.Thusthisbondingplateisanidealmate rialofneotypebearingwhichiswidelyneededinmachineryandautomobilefields[46].Forthis bondingplate,theinterfacialmechanicalproperty thatdeterminesthesafetyofproductisveryim portant.Thehighertheinterfacialmechanicalproperty,thesafertheproduct.Interfacialmechanicalpropert…     

Interfacial mechanical property of steel-mushy Al-20Sn bonding

The bonding of a steel plate to Al-20Sn slurry was conducted using the casting rolling technique. The surface of the steel plate was defatted, descaled, immersed (in K2ZrF6 flux aqueous solution) and stored. Al-20Sn slurry was prepared using the electromagnetic mechanical stirring method. The interfacial mechanical property of the bonding plate was researched to determine the relationship between the diffusion time and the interfacial shear strength. In order to identify the mechanism of bonding, the interfacial structure of the bonding plate was studied. The results show that at a preheat temperature of the steel plate of 505℃ and a solid fraction of Al-20Sn slurry of 35%, the relationship between the interfacial shear strength S and the diffusion time t is S=28.8 4.3t-0.134t^2 0.0011t^3. When the diffusion time is 22 s, the largest interfacial shear strength is 70.3 MPa, and the corresponding interface is a new one which is made up of Fe-Al compound and Fe-Al solid solution alternatively and in a right proportion.In this interfacial structure, the interfacial embrittlement does not happen and Fe-Al compound can play its role in strong combination adequately.     

Ratio of Fe-Al compound at interface of steel-backed Al-graphite semi-solid bonding plate

The ratio of Fe-Al compound at the bonding interface of solid steel plate to Al-7graphite slurry was used to characterize the interfacial structure of steel-Al-7graphite semi-solid bonding plate quantitatively. The relationship between the ratio of Fe-Al compound at interface and bonding parameters (such as preheat temperature of steel plate, solid fraction of Al-7graphite slurry and rolling speed) was established by artificial neural networks perfectly. The results show that when the bonding parameters are 516 ℃ for preheat temperature of steel plate, 32.5% for solid fraction of Al-7graphite slurry and 12 mm/s for rolling speed, the reasonable ratio of Fe-Al compound corresponding to the largest interfacial shear strength of bonding plate is obtained to be 70.1%. This reasonable ratio of Fe-Al compound is a quantitative criterion of interfacial embrittlement, namely, when the ratio of Fe-Al compound at interface is larger than 70.1%, interfacial embrittlement will occur.     

Influence of aluminum solid fraction on property of steel-mushy aluminum bonding plate

The interfacial shear property of steel-mushy aluminum bonding plate was studied, and the relationship between aluminum solid fraction and the interfacial shear strength of bonding plate was determined. The results showed that when aluminum solid fraction is 34.3 %, the maximum interfacial shear strength of bonding plate is 71 .0 MPa.     

Thickness of compound layer in steel-aluminum solid to liquid bonding

The bonding of solid steel plate to liquid aluminum was studied using rapid solidification. The surface of solid steel plate was defatted, descaled, immersed (in K2ZrF6 flux aqueous solution) and stoved. In order to determine the thickness of Fe-AI compound layer at the interface of steel-aluminum solid to liquid bonding under rapid solidification, the interface of bonding plate was investigated by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) experiment. The relationship between bonding parameters (such as preheat temperature of steel plate, temperature of aluminum liquid and bonding time) and thickness of Fe-AI compound layer at the interface was established by artificial neural networks (ANN) perfectly. The maximum of relative error between the output and the desired output of the ANN is only 5.4%. From the bonding parameters for the largest interfacial shear strength of bonding plate (226℃for preheat temperature of steel plate, 723℃ for temperature of aluminum liquid and 15.8 s for bonding time), the reasona     

铝合金板与混凝土的粘贴粘结强度研究

为了在提高加固钢筋混凝土梁承载力的同时具有很好的延性和耗能能力,特别是满足侵蚀环境及寒冷环境中加固工程的需要,采用铝合金板加固钢筋混凝土梁是一个很好的解决办法。铝合金板通过粘贴层将力传给钢筋混凝土梁,故铝合金板与混凝土的粘贴粘结性能决定了铝合金板加固钢筋混凝土梁的效果。铝合金板与混凝土的粘贴粘结强度作为铝合金板加固钢筋混凝土梁连接设计的基础,对其开展试验和理论研究。开展105个试件的铝合金板与混凝土面内单剪试验发现：对粘贴界面没有进行粗糙处理的试件发生了界面剥离破坏,其他试件均发生了混凝土层剥离破坏;界面剥离破坏的粘结性能远差于混凝土层剥离破坏,说明了对粘贴界面进行处理的必要性。通过试验得到铝合金板和混凝土连接的极限粘结荷载,根据铝合金板正应力的变化率与粘贴界面剪应力的关系,得到剪应力的分布曲线和有效粘结长度;假设剪应力沿有效粘结长度处处相等,得到了铝合金板与混凝土的粘贴试验粘结强度,并基于此讨论了界面处理、混凝土强度、铝合金板宽度、厚度和粘贴长度等因素对试验粘结强度的影响。结合试验数据的统计回归分析,提出计算铝合金板与混凝土的粘贴粘结强度的修正Niedermeier模型,得到了铝合金板与混凝土的有效粘结长度和粘贴粘结强度的理论计算公式,其理论值和试验值吻合较好,误差最大值为8.98%,平均值为0.004,标准差为0.041。研究成果为铝合金板加固钢筋混凝土梁的粘贴设计提供了理论基础。     

The Influence of Preheat Temperature of Steel Plate on Steel-mushy Cu-graphite Bonding

The pressing bonding of steel plate to QTi3.5-3.5 graphite slurry was conducted. Under the conditions of 530 ℃ for the preheat temperature of dies, 45% for the solid fraction of QTi3.5- 3.5 graphite slurry, 50 MPa for the pressure and 2 min for the pressing time, the relationship between the preheat temperature of steel plate and interfacial mechanical property of bonding plate was studied. The results show that when the preheat temperature of steel plate is lower titan 618 ℃ , the interfacial shear strength of bonding plate increases with the increasing of the preheat temperature of steel plate. When the preheat temperature of steel plate is higher than 618 ℃ , the interfacial shear strength decreases with the increasing of the preheat temperature of steel plate. When the preheat temperature of steel plate is 618 ℃ , the highest interfacial shear strength of bonding plate of 127.8 MPa can be got.     

Semi—solid Processing of Steel—Al—7 Graphite BInding Plate

The bonding of steel plate to Al-7 graphite slurry was studied for the first time.The relationship model about preheat temperature of steel plate,solid fiaction of Al-7 graphite slurry,rolling speed and nterfacial shear strength of bonding plate could be established by artificial neural networks perfectly.This model could be optimized with a genetic algorthm.The optimum bonding parameters are :516℃ for preheat temperature of steel plate,32.5% for solid fraction of Al-7 graphite slurry and 12mm/s for rolling speed,and the largest interfacial shear strength of bonding plate is 70.6MPa.     

CFRP布混合粘贴形式界面剪切性能试验

为了研究CFRP布混合粘贴的界面粘结性能,设计了4组自锚式面内双剪试验.根据界面剪应力的发展规律,将CFRP布混合粘贴中碳纤维布由初始受力至破坏的过程划分为3个阶段.试验考虑了碳纤维布不同的粘贴长度因素,分析试验中的破坏形式、破坏过程和界面粘结性能.研究表明CFRP布混合粘贴形式中的钢板锚固件提高了CFRP-混凝土界面的粘结强度,将破坏形态由碳纤维布的剥离破坏转变为碳纤维布的断裂破坏,极大地的提高了碳纤维布材料的强度利用率.碳纤维布在未剥离阶段其界面粘结性能较为稳定,钢板锚固件对碳纤维布的初始剥离影响较小;在碳纤维布持续剥离阶段,钢板锚固件可以延缓碳纤维布的剥离,使得界面粘结强度提高18.02%.     

Influence of diffusion time on property of steel—aluminum solid to liquid bonding

The bonding of solid steel to liquid aluminum was conducted using rapid solidification.The influence of diffusion time on interfacial shear strength was studied.The results show that when the temperature of aluminum liquid is 700℃and the preheat temperature of steel plate is 250℃,the relationship between diffusion time(t) and interfacial shear strength(σ)is σ=15.1 8.14t-0.37t 0.005t^3,and the maximum interfacial shear strength is 71.1MPa.     

TRC加固构件抗剪粘结强度试验研究

为了研究织物增强混凝土(TRC)加固层与老混凝土之间的粘结性能,本文对用织物增强混凝土(TRC)薄层加固的RC构件进行了界面剪切试验.粘结试件结合面处分别进行了人工凿糙和植抗剪钢筋两种处理方式,考察了不同界面处理方法对其剪切性能的影响,并探讨了不同粗糙度及植筋率对界面抗剪强度的影响规律.试验结果表明,结合面凿糙和植筋处理均能提高TRC加固层和老混凝土间的粘结性能,凿糙试件的粘结抗剪强度提高幅度较大,其最佳灌砂平均深度范围为2.0mm-4.0mm,植筋试件的粘结抗剪强度和延性均有所提高.     

全金属组元铁基块体非晶的制备与性能研究

3D打印成型碳纤维接枝碳纳米管增强热塑性复合材料的强度提高

王婼楠¹，吴海宏^1，2，郭子月³，刘春太²，申长雨²

（1. 河南工业大学 机电工程学院，郑州450001; 2.郑州大学 橡塑模具国家工程研究中心，郑州450002; 3.中山大学 数学学院（珠海）,珠海519082）

创新点说明：

1) 研究了碳纤维定量接枝碳纳米管对热塑性复合材料的界面性能及拉伸性能的影响。

2) 用3D打印模压成型的工艺方法制备了热塑性复合材料。

研究目的：

研究碳纤维表面接枝不同含量的碳纳米管对复合材料微观结构、界面性能和力学性能的影响。

研究方法：

1) 采用溶液法，通过控制碳纳米管接枝反应时间，制备不同含量碳纳米管接枝碳纤维，然后用硝酸刻蚀法，去除残留溶剂，验证了碳纳米管接枝的可靠性。用扫描电镜观察碳纤维的微观形貌，用FTIR测试碳纤维表面官能团并用XPS对碳纤维的表面官能团进行分析。

2) 用扫描电镜观察碳纤维与基体的结合情况并用接触角测量仪测试碳纤维与基体的接触角。

3) 通过 3D打印成型法成型了热塑性复合材料样条，并用扫描电镜观察碳纤维热塑性复合材料的界面微观形貌。

4) 采用万能试验机测试3D打印成型热塑性碳纤维复合材料的拉伸性能，并观察复合材料断口形貌。

结果：

1) 溶液法.扫描电镜观察发现碳纳米管在碳纤维表面均匀分布，表明碳纤维与碳纳米管之间存在较强的键合关系。但随着接枝时间的增加，碳纤维表面的碳纳米管含量逐渐增加，但达到0.4%时，出现分散不均匀现象。碳纤维表面含有上浆剂和去掉上浆剂的对比发现，无上浆剂的碳纤维表面沟壑明显，这些沟槽可以增加碳纤维的比表面积和表面能，增强了基体与碳纤维的机械相互作用。用FTIR测试碳纤维表面官能团并用XPS对碳纤维的表面官能团进行分析，结果表明，经偶联剂改性后，C=O键含量明显增加，碳纤维表面引入含氧官能团。C1，O1S峰增强，表明碳纳米管接枝到了碳纤维表面。

2) 扫描电镜结果表明，与表面未接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维相比，接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维与基体PA6具有更好的润湿性。接触角测试结果对比发现，接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维与基体的接触角，明显小于未接枝碳纳米管的。

3) 通过扫描电镜观察复合材料的界面微观形貌，结果表明：纤维与基体之间存在一定厚度的界面层，界面层的存在可以减轻纤维与基体之间的力学性能突变引起的应力集中，并防止界面缺陷的扩展。

4）界面结合强度测试结果表明，当碳纳米管的质量分数增加到0.25%时，复合材料的界面结合强度比未接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维增强的PA6复合材料提高了20%，比表面有环氧的碳纤维复合材料提高了41.8%。然而当碳纳米管含量大于0.4%时，界面结合强度不再继续增加。力学测试表明碳纳米管含量为0.25%的复合材料具有最高的平均模量、拉伸强度和界面剪切强度。接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维复合材料断口形貌可以观察到界面处基体中的韧窝。表明基体树脂在拔出纤维前经历了较大的塑性变形，表明纤维与基体有很好结合性。

结论：

实验结果表明，碳纳米管可以提高表面的润湿性和CF表面粗糙度。碳纳米管接枝碳纤维增强PA6与环氧上浆的碳纤维复合材料相比，当碳纳米管的质量分数达到0.25%时，复合材料的界面结合强度增加了41.8%，拉伸强度提高了130%，界面剪切强度提高了238%。然而，随着碳纳米管含量的继续增加到0.4%时，界面结合强度和力学性能就会下降。

关键词：热塑性复合材料，界面结合强度，界面剪切强度，3D打印成型

     

The Bonding Properties of Solid Steel to Liquid Aluminum

The bonding of solid steel plate to liquid aluminum was studied using rapid solidification. The relationship models of interfacial shear strength and thickness of interfacial layer of bonding plate vs bonding parameters ( such as preheat temperature of steel plate, temperature of aluminum liquid and bonding time ) were respectively established by artificial neural networks perfectly. The bonding parameters for the largest interfacial shear strength were optimized with genetic algorithm successfully. They are 226℃ for preheating temperature of steel plate, 723℃ for temperature of aluminum liquid and 15.8s for bonding time, and the largest interfacial shear strength of bonding plate is 71.6MPa. Under these conditions, the corresponding reasonable thickness of interfacial layer (10.8μm) is gotten using the relationship model established by artificial neural networks.     

无机胶粘贴铝合金板与混凝土界面黏结性能试验

为满足耐环境侵蚀及较高使用温度要求而采用的无机胶粘贴铝合金板加固混凝土结构,需解决铝合金板、胶与界面的黏结问题.以黏结长度为基本参数,分别采用硫铝酸盐水泥浆、磷酸镁水泥浆及碱激发矿渣浆三种无机胶粘剂,将3 mm厚铝合金板粘贴至素混凝土试块,完成了无机胶粘贴铝合金板与混凝土界面双剪性能试验.试验结果表明:铝合金板、胶层与界面黏结性能随黏结长度与胶粘剂种类不同而不同,破坏时主要表现为铝合金板脱粘、胶层失效及界面失效三种典型形态;发现相同黏结条件下,三类无机胶粘贴铝合金板与混凝土界面黏结强度中,磷酸镁水泥最大、硫铝酸盐水泥其次、碱激发矿渣最小.基于实测的界面黏结-滑移关系,获得了适用于不同胶粘剂的有效黏结长度取值方法,提出了与试验结果吻合较好的三类无机胶黏结强度-滑移关系模型.可为粘贴铝合金板加固混凝土受弯构件用无机胶粘剂优选提供参考.     

Immersing Treatment of Steel Plate Surface in Steel-Aluminum Solid to Liquid Bonding

The interfacial status of the steel-aluminum solid to liquid bonding plates (their steel plate surfaces were or were not immersed in flux aqueous solution) were measured by using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and X-ray diffraction . The results showed that the layer of flux (the minimum thickness was 15 μm on the steel plate surface) could protect the steel plate surface from oxidizing effectively at high temperature in solid to liquid bonding. The melt temperatUre of the flux should be lower than 580 ℃ so that it could be melted and removed completely. No. 1 flux (patent product made by the author) made up of halogeindes could also force liquid aluminum to infiltrate into steel plate surface and thus the interfacial shear strength of the bonding plate was rather large.     

粘贴铝合金板加固钢筋混凝土梁的界面剪应力

为给粘贴铝合金板加固钢筋混凝土（Reinforce Concrete,RC）梁的铝合金板和RC梁的连接设计提供依据,对其粘贴界面剪应力开展了理论和试验研究。假设结构胶剪切变形沿厚度方向线性变化,根据粘贴界面位移协调条件,得到了一般荷载作用下的无附加锚固铝合金板加固RC梁的粘贴界面剪应力的通解。在此基础上,给出了常见荷载作用下的粘贴界面剪应力解析表达式和最大值。考虑铝合金板厚度和U形箍连接等影响因素,设计了6根铝合金板加固RC梁,对其进行了简支梁三分点加载试验。考虑铝合金板正应力和界面剪应力的关系式,通过密布在铝合金板纵轴线上的应变片测得了铝合金板的粘贴界面剪应力。根据理论计算和试验结果,得到了界面剪应力分布曲线和最大剪应力。研究结果表明：界面剪应力的理论和试验结果符合较好,呈现相同的变化规律：界面剪应力在板端取得最大值后迅速滑落至横轴附近,裂缝截面界面剪应力呈现波动。随着铝合金板厚度和板端与支座距离变大,板端界面剪应力也越大,结构胶厚度越大,最大界面剪应力越小,设置U形箍连接,界面剪应力变小。     

端部锚固对温度作用下CFRP-混凝土界面黏结行为影响

为了明确端部锚固措施对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)-混凝土界面黏结行为的影响,采用解析理论手段建立了温度作用下端锚CFRP-混凝土界面剥离全过程理论模型。结合常温界面黏结理论,引入双线性黏结-滑移本构,推导了界面滑移、界面剪应力以及CFRP正应力分布表达式,给出了界面荷载-滑移响应及界面剥离承载力模型,通过与试验和数值结果对比验证了解析模型的正确性,并在此基础上进行了参数化分析。分析结果表明:相比于纯外贴的CFRP-混凝土黏结界面,端部锚固可提高温度作用下的界面剥离承载力,能有效限制温度变化引起的黏结界面端部的界面滑移和剪应力,提高CFRP在温度作用下所承担的正应力,即提高CFRP的强度利用效率;对于端部锚固CFRP-混凝土黏结界面,在温度达到胶黏剂玻璃化温度前,温升会提高界面的承载性能,而温降会导致加载端界面提前剥离,降低加固界面的剥离承载力;CFRP黏结厚度和弹模的增加会使温度变化对界面黏结行为的影响更加显著。     

铝合金板-混凝土界面粘结-滑移性能双面剪切试验研究

铝合金板具有强度高、耐蚀性及延性好等优点,可用于潮湿、高寒等复杂恶劣环境中混凝土结构的加固,但铝合金板-混凝土的界面性能是影响铝合金板加固混凝土结构效果的关键。进行48个铝合金板-混凝土试件的界面双剪试验,分析铝合金板厚度、铝合金板粘结长度及结构胶种类对界面破坏机理、剥离承载力、粘结剪应力及滑移演化规律的影响。结果表明：增加铝合金板厚度、铝合金板粘结长度以及采用低弹性模量的结构胶能有效提高界面的剥离承载力,但铝合金板粘结长度应控制在有效粘结长度范围内;试件的滑移量随着粘结长度的增加而增大,且铝合金板越厚,试件的滑移量越小。将双直线模型、双曲线模型、Nakaba模型计算结果与试验结果进行对比分析,Nakaba模型与铝合金板-混凝土粘结滑移曲线整体吻合较好。     

铝合金板混凝土界面的粘结滑移性能及其本构关系

铝合金板具有轻质高强、耐腐蚀性和延展性好等优点,是复杂恶劣环境中加固混凝土结构的理想材料。基于双剪试验进行铝合金混凝土界面粘结滑移性能研究,完成了45个构件的双面纯剪试验,得到了其破坏形态、荷载应变关系曲线、粘结界面剪应力分布曲线、荷载滑移关系曲线以及界面极限承载力,分析了不同的混凝土强度等级、铝合金板表面粗糙度、铝合金板粘结长度和粘结宽度条件下界面粘结滑移性能的演化规律。研究表明：加载过程中,界面应力从加载端向自由端逐步传递,且随着混凝土强度等级、铝合金板的粘结长度和宽度的增加,试件的剥离承载力也有所提高。但铝合金的粘结长度存在一个有效粘结长度值,超过该值试件的剥离承载力将不再增加,同时,铝合金表面粗糙度对试件剥离承载力的提高没有实质影响。通过测量铝合金板的应变得到了不同参数条件下铝合金板混凝土粘结滑移本构曲线,结果表明：铝合金板混凝土粘结滑移本构曲线存在明显的界面软化特征和非线性行为。     

金属间化合物对Sn-Ag-Cu无铅钎料钎焊接头性能的影响

采用扫描电镜、能谱分析、透射电镜、X射线衍射和电子衍射等分析手段,研究了Cu含量对Sn-Ag-Cu/Cu钎焊接头界面处生成的金属间化合物Cu6Sn5的生长形态对接头剪切强度的影响。结果表明:在Sn-Ag-Cu钎焊接头的界面处有扇贝状的Cu6Sn5金属间化合物的生成,调整Cu含量,可改变Cu6Sn5的形状和避免大柱状的Cu6Sn5生成,提高接头剪切强度,钎焊接头的断裂主要是韧性断裂。时效试验结果表明:当时效温度为室温、时间为1000 h时,Cu含量高的Sn-Ag-Cu钎料所生成Cu6Sn5的形态变化为长的空心截面六边形柱体,由于Cu6Sn5所形成的空心孔洞导致Sn-Ag-Cu/Cu界面成为强度弱区,从而使接头的剪切强度有所下降。