Towards finding the optimal location of a ventilation inlet in a roof monitor skylight,using visual and thermal performance criteria,for dwellings in a Mediterranean climate

The main aim of this work is to study the influence of a roof monitor skylight on comfort criteria. The roof monitor skylight simultaneously provides lighting and outdoor ventilation air for a living room or a master bedroom in a house with an underfloor heating/cooling system. The air is introduced into the room through an air inlet in the carpentry of the opening in the roof monitor skylight and located – for the purposes of this study – in different positions in the carpentry. To evaluate the comfort variations caused by this change of position, a series of lighting and thermal numerical indicators are applied to a set of simulation models, generating a complete analysis to determine optimal positions for the air inlet. These models are designed for the context of a Mediterranean climate, with extreme calculation conditions (overcast sky in winter and clear sky in summer). The simulation tools Daylight Visualizer 2.5 and Design Builder 2.42 have been selected to generate the models. This work concludes that the optimal position for the air inlet is in the side of the carpentry of the roof monitor skylight opening, ensuring the maximization of both lighting and thermal comfort conditions.     

夏热冬暖地区中庭的天窗型式与耗能

通过建立中庭天窗模型,分析、探讨了不同型式、不同倾角、不同朝向的天窗与耗能的关系。     

Usability tests of ideation flexibility tools with engineering design practitioners

Abstract

In an engineering context, ideation flexibility is defined as an engineer’s ability to move between his or her preferred and non-preferred ways of generating ideas as required by the current task. In this study, the usability of three specific tools for enhancing the ideation flexibility of engineers—the Problem Framing Guide, Design Heuristics and Cognitive Style-Based Teaming—was investigated with design practitioners in a real-world setting. The performance and perceptions of 16 professionals were analysed as they explored design problems and solutions using these tools in a 3-h workshop. Study outcomes show that all three tools have value in design ideation, with room for improvement in terms of structured instructions for their use. Additionally, results suggest that cognitive style does not influence an individual’s performance with or perceptions of these tools, which supports their value and validity for a general practitioner audience.     

旧车间阳光板天窗施工新工艺

介绍了旧车间阳光板天窗施工新技术，简述了阳光板新材料天窗具有的特点，论述了阳光板的性能指标，指出采用拜耳阳光板新材料天窗改进了采光效果和通风效果。     

Envelope thermal design for energy savings in mosques in hot-humid climate

Mosques, places of worship for Muslims, are used for five intermittent prayer periods a day with a duration of between 45 and 60 min each. Their unique function and pattern of operation result in unique energy consumption and demand. Although mosques can be characterized as high-occupancy buildings, the thermal design of the exterior envelope can play a major role in their thermal and energy performance particularly in hot-humid climates. The objective of this study is to investigate energy performance and potential energy savings associated with influencing envelope design parameters under hot-humid climatic conditions. The results revealed that envelope parameters such as wall and roof thermal resistance, and air leakage rate are major determinants of mosque energy performance and subsequently, considerable savings can be achieved when properly considered. Recommendations for envelope thermal design are presented to provide architects, engineers, planners, community developers and mosque operators with necessary guidelines for improving mosque energy performance.     

LNG气化站冷能利用的冷库系统设计

以福建省LNG项目的发展背景,确定LNG气化站冷能在冷库的利用实现模式和系统设计工艺设计,提出冷库冷能系统和低温集中空调系统综合应用设计方案的可行性。     

寒冷地区室内游泳馆采暖通风节能设计探讨

通过对寒冷地区室内游泳馆的室内环境因素、通风量的确定及运行和检测等方面的分析,提出了采暖通风节能技术措施。     

Towards participatory design in craft and design education

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the differences and effects of user participation in university level students' collaborative design processes. The study focused on how intended users (i.e., frequent conference-goers) participated in a product design process (designing conference bags) and how much influence these conference-goers had on students' design solutions. The data were derived from a collaborative learning environment (Future Learning Environment, FLE2), which provided a distributed database for students' and users' dialogue. The study employed qualitative content analysis of users' written messages posted on the database. The analysis indicated users' contributions to the functional, expressive and aesthetic design solutions. From the students' standpoint, it was challenging to treat contradictory information produced by users and to find optimal design solutions.     

Comparative analysis of energy performance between courtyard and atrium in buildings

In this paper, the energy performance of a central atrium is investigated and compared with the energy performance of a courtyard with the same geometric proportions. The atrium and the courtyard design used for the analysis are square in plan and surrounded by the building on all four sides. The glazing type and percentage for the courtyard walls and atrium skylight are varied in the analysis. Weather data from four cities representative of climatic conditions of cold, temperate, hot-humid and hot-dry were used. The results show that, in general, the open courtyard building exhibits a better energy performance for the shorter buildings. As the building height increases, however, at some point the enclosed atrium exhibits a better energy performance. This “break even” point for the number of stories depends on different factors like glazing and climate parameters discussed above.     

中庭烟气分层及其与排烟设计相关性问题探讨

追溯了烟气分层的定义及相关问题的由来,讨论了建筑中庭发生烟气分层的条件和表现形式及其预估方式,分析了分层对排烟系统设计的影响.认为GB 51251-2017《建筑防烟排烟系统技术标准》中有关中庭烟气分层的条文及其说明有不恰当之处.     

A new methodology for the design of low energy buildings

The Kyoto protocol binded the developed countries to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions at least by 5% by 2008-2012 in order to tackle global warming and climate change. Some of the measures of the governments to achieve this goal are to promote new buildings construction and to retrofit existing buildings while satisfying low energy criteria. This means improving energy efficiency of buildings and energy systems, developing sustainable building concepts and promoting renewable energy sources.The design of a low energy building requires parametric studies via simulation tools in order to optimize the design of the building envelope and HVAC systems. These studies are often complex and time consuming due to a large number of parameters to consider. Hence, this paper aims to set up a methodology that simplifies parametrical studies during the design process of a low energy building. The methodology is based on the Design of Experiments (DOE) method which is a statistical method widely used in industry to perform parametric studies that reduces the required number of experiments.     

寒地住区高层建筑设计的节能思考

从寒地住区建筑主体的节能布局、建筑体型选择、围护结构的设计、新技术的运用等方面入手,深入研究了寒地住区建筑节能问题的有效解决方法,并指出了寒地住区建筑未来的发展方向。     

节能型混凝土多孔砖孔型设计与热工分析

根据夏热冬冷地区对外围护结构热工性能的要求,对节能型混凝土多孔砖的孔型进行分析、设计,并通过热工计算验证,提出有效的设计方案.     

Assessment of monitored energy use and thermal comfort conditions in mosques in hot-humid climates

In harsh climatic regions, buildings require air-conditioning in order to provide an acceptable level of thermal comfort. In many situations buildings are over cooled or the HVAC system is kept running for a much longer time than needed. In some other situations thermal comfort is not achieved due to improper operation practices coupled with poor maintenance and even lack it, and consequently inefficient air-conditioning systems. Mosques represent one type of building that is characterized by their unique intermittent operating schedule determined by prayer times, which vary continuously according to the local solar time. This paper presents the results of a study designed to monitor energy use and thermal comfort conditions of a number of mosques in a hot-humid climate so that both energy efficiency and the quality of thermal comfort conditions especially during occupancy periods in such intermittently operated buildings can be assessed accurately.     

A suite of prototype CAD tools to support early phases of architectural design

A suite of prototype CAD (computer-aided design) tools has been developed as part of an educational experiment in which an architectural design studio course was combined with a computer science graduate course on architectural CAD to study the collaboration between architects and their clients in a computer-based environment. The suite of tools is based on formalized abstractions inspired by lessons learned in the VLSI (very large-scale integrated circuit) CAD revolution of the 1980s. It encourages a step-by-step transformation of a building program, first into symbolic representations that can be checked and evaluated with automated programs, and eventually into simple but consistent 3-D (three-dimensional) geometry that can be inspected with an interactive walk-through visualization program.     

Design of humanitarian tents for use in cold climates

Extreme climatic risks pose significant challenges to displaced populations that often lack adequate shelter. Contemporary policy documents concerning emergency shelter reveal that the scope of shelter-associated risk is much wider than simply exposure to the elements and includes a significant social dimension. However, disparity exists between implicitly accepted risks described in aid agency literature and field practice. Experience in recent disaster assistance programmes in Kosovo and Afghanistan illustrates how ill equipped the aid community is to deal with cold weather affecting transitional settlements. A review of the environmental risks associated with living in tented accommodation in cold climates reveals the difficulty of providing thermal comfort and fire safety in both heated and unheated tents. In addition, social surveys and field trials with displaced populations in Afghanistan illustrate that shelter is used, perceived and valued differently according to the ethnic and cultural background of occupants, and that these are also factors that impact on the risks they bear. Several design recommendations and guides for the use of cold climate relief tents are made, whilst acknowledging that the provision of alternative, longer-term shelter provision during the phase of emergency response is nearly always preferable.     

A critical and theoretical analysis of current proposals for integrating building thermal simulation tools into the building design process

This article critically examines the main trends in attempting the integration of building thermal simulation tools throughout the whole building design process, focusing on studies related to building design only, not addressing studies related to heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) and servicing engineering design. It presents a review of the research literature on the issue showing that, so far, attempts have been concentrated in propositions to improve thermal simulation tools data interpretation as well as propositions to improve the role of tools in building design practice. Examples of the literature related to the two topics are critically examined by considering their effectiveness in addressing the interdisciplinary problem of integration. This critical examination leads to a thorough mapping of specific reasons about why integration is not happening, complementing the current information provided from empirical studies on the matter. Even though the author recognizes integrated design should account for HVAC and servicing, it is necessary to first have a discussion that addresses assimilating simulation tools into the design process if proper integrated design is to happen.     

建筑外墙热工性能和节能设计分析

本文介绍福建省常用外墙材料的隔热保温构造形式和热工性能试验分析结果,并对我省建筑外墙的墙体节能提出看法和建议。     

浅析夏热冬冷地区建筑节能设计策略

针对夏热冬冷地区的气候特点,从建筑的设计、构造、设备层面以及目前建筑节能普遍存在的问题等方面进行了分析,提出真正适合该地区的节能设计策略,以推进建筑节能的发展。     

夏热冬冷地区住宅的节能设计研究

根据夏热冬冷地区的气候特征，从外墙保温、门窗的保温与节能的措施出发，论述了该地区住宅围护结构的节能设计方法，从而创造良好的室内热环境，节约能源。