带形状参数的三次TC-Bézier曲线

针对自由曲线曲面设计中的形状控制问题,构造了带形状控制参数λ的三次TC-Bezier曲线.λ具有明确的几何意义,λ的值越大曲线越逼近控制多边形.同时证明了几种有实际应用价值的曲线(椭圆弧、花瓣)可以用带形状参数三次TC-Bezier曲线的形式精确表示.还给出了带参数三次TC-Bezier曲线间的G<1'>拼接条件及在曲面造型中的应用实例.造型实例表明,该曲线在计算机辅助几何设计中具有重要的应用价值.     

带形状参数的二次TC-Bézier曲线

针对自由曲线曲面设计中的形状控制问题,以[1,sint,cost,sin2t]为基构造了一种带形状控制参数λ的二次TC-Bézier曲线,在0≤λ≤2范围内,可以通过调整λ的值来调整曲线的形状,并可以精确表示圆弧、椭圆弧等.给出了二次TC-Bézier曲线间的G1拼接条件及在曲面造型中的应用实例.试验表明:在形状参数范围内,二次TC-Bézier曲线位于二次Bézier曲线两侧,可以利用形状参数来调整曲线的形状,具有更大的灵活性.     

带形状参数的QT-Bézier曲线曲面的构造和应用

为了更加方便地表示和修改曲线曲面,提出了带形状参数的四次三角Bézier曲线曲面QTBézier的构造方法和应用。首先仿照Bézier曲线性质,构造了带形状参数的基函数,定义了带形状参数的QT-Bézier曲线曲面并研究了他们的一些主要性质,并就参数的选取做了一些分析。这种带形状参数的QT-Bézier曲线曲面是已有的一些曲线曲面的一般表达方法,如果选取一些特殊的参数,可以表示特殊的和已知的曲线曲面,还可以构造不同形状的旋转面。带形状参数的QT-Bézier曲线曲面可以很好地通过形状参数来调整曲线曲面的外形,而且能构造不同的旋转面,由于有额外的形状参数,更便于交互。     

C-Bézier曲线曲面的扩展

运用积分定义的方式,构造了带多形状参数的C-Bézier曲线曲面,改变形状参数的值,能整体或局部调控曲线曲面的形状。它们包含C-Bézier曲线曲面为其特例且具有C-Bézier曲线曲面的主要性质。还给出了带2个形状参数的二次C-Bézier曲线段G¹和C¹拼接条件以及带3个形状参数的三次C-Bézier曲线段G¹、C¹和G²拼接条件。     

三次Hermite参数曲线与曲面的扩展

在给定插值条件时,标准三次Hermite参数曲线与曲面的形状无法调整。为克服标准三次Hermite参数曲线与曲面的不足,首先通过提高基函数次数的方法给出了一种带形状参数的四次Hermite基函数,然后生成了相应的带形状参数的四次Hermite参数曲线与曲面。所生成的曲线与曲面是标准三次Hermite参数曲线与曲面的扩展,不仅与标准三次Hermite曲线与曲面具有完全相同的性质,而且当插值条件给定时,其形状可通过修改形状参数的取值进行局部或整体调节,为插值曲线与曲面的构造提供了一种新方法。     

局部调整插值点的三次样条曲线表示

给出了带局部形状参数的三次样条曲线生成方法．所给方法以Hermite型插值曲线和非均匀三次B样条曲线为特殊情形，将插值于控制点的曲线和逼近于控制多边形的非均匀B样条曲线统一起来．一个形状参数只影响两条曲线段，曲线表达式保持了三次Bezier曲线表达式的简单结构．改变形状参数的值或调整Bezier控制点，可以局部调整曲线的形状．基于所给样条曲线，给出了带局部形状参数的双三次样条曲面．     

具有多种优点的三角多项式曲线曲面

为了将形状可调性、高阶连续性、自动插值性,以及可以精确表示圆锥曲线曲面等性质融入到一种曲线曲面模型中,构造了一组带2个参数的5次三角多项式调配函数,分析了该调配函数的性质.基于该函数组,分别采用与3次B样条曲线、曲面相同的定义方式,定义了基于4点分段的曲线,并且基于16点分片的曲面,给出了曲线、曲面的性质.曲线、曲面的分段、分片组合结构决定了它们具有B样条方法的局部性.讨论了参数取值的改变对曲线形状的影响;证明了在取特殊参数时曲线可以达到G5或G7的高阶连续性,而且在具有G5连续性时仍然具有形状可调性;通过将2个参数中的一个取为特殊值,即可使曲线、曲面自动插值给定点列、网格点,这种方式不需要反求控制顶点,且插值曲线、曲面中依然存在调整形状的自由度;分别给出了曲线、曲面精确表示椭圆、椭球面的条件.数值实例结果显示了所给曲线曲面表示方法的正确性和有效性.     

形状可调插值曲线曲面的参数选择

目的 因大多数插值基函数中的参数都是全局参数,从而导致插值曲线曲面的形状无法进行局部调整。另外,当插值曲线曲面形状可调时,也存在如何选择参数才能获得形状较为理想的曲线曲面的问题,为此给出一种无需反求控制顶点、包含局部形状调整参数、具有显式表达式、能重构部分二次曲线曲面的插值曲线曲面构造方法,同时给出易于使用的形状参数确定方案。方法 基于经典3次Hermite插值曲线的Bernstein基函数表达形式,将其中的Bernstein基换成已证明具有全正性的一组三角基函数,根据三角基的端点性质调整曲线表达式以保证其插值性,然后设定插值数据点处的导向量,在其中引入参数,并保证相邻曲线段之间的连续性,得到了一种新的三角基插值曲线。结果 新曲线可以整理成以待插值数据点为控制顶点与一组插值基函数的线性组合形式,插值基表达式简单,插值曲线含一组局部形状调整参数,一个参数的改变只影响一条曲线段的形状,相邻曲线段之间G¹连续,曲线可以重构椭圆。根据不同目标给出了3种用于确定曲线中形状参数的准则,每种准则都提供了可以直接使用的公式。相应的插值曲面具有与插值曲线类似的性质。结论 形状参数选取准则的给出使含参数插值曲线曲面的设计由随意变为确定,这使得采用本文方法更易于得到满意的结果。本文所给插值基函数的构造方法具有一般性,可以采用相同的思路构造其他函数空间上性质类似的插值基。     

带形状参数三角B样条曲线曲面及其应用

针对样条曲线曲面构造及其在图像放缩中的应用问题,在三角函数空间{1,t,sint,cost,sin2 t,cos2 t}中构造一类带有形状参数的三角B样条基函数,并定义相应的三角B样条曲线和曲面,分析该曲线曲面的性质以及形状参数对曲线曲面形状的调节作用。拓宽形状参数的取值,构造了满足C2连续且可以直接插值控制顶点的三角B样条插值曲线和曲面,并将其应用于图像放缩中。实例说明了所构造的三角B样条曲线曲面在曲线曲面造型和图像放缩方面有较好应用。     

高阶连续的形状可调三角多项式曲线曲面

目的目前使用的B样条曲线曲面存在着高连续阶与高局部调整性两者无法兼而有之的不足,且B样条曲线曲面的形状被控制顶点和节点向量唯一确定,这些因素影响着B样条方法的几何设计效果与方便性。本文旨在克服这种局限,以期构造具有高次B样条方法的高连续阶,低次B样条方法的高局部调整性,以及有理B样条方法权因子决定的形状调整性的曲线曲面。方法在三角函数空间上构造了一组含参数的调配函数,进而定义具有与3次B样条曲线曲面相同结构的新曲线与张量积曲面。结果新曲线曲面继承了B样条方法的凸包性、对称性、几何不变性等诸多性质。不同的是,同样是基于4点分段,3次均匀B样条曲线C2连续,而对于等距节点,在一般情况下,新曲线C5连续,当参数取特殊值时可达C7连续。新曲线在C5连续的情况下存在1个形状参数,能较好地调整曲线的形状同时又无须改变控制顶点。另外,将形状参数设为特定值,新曲线可以自动插值给定点列。新曲面具有与新曲线相应的优点。结论在强局部性下实现高阶连续性的形状可调分段组合曲线曲面,为高阶光滑曲线曲面的设计提供了可能,并且新曲线实现了逼近与插值的统一表示,能较好地应用于工程实际。调配函数的构造方法具有一般性,可用相同方式构造其他具有类似性质的调配函数。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.