Preparation and CO conversion activity of ceria nanotubes by carbon nanotubes templating method

Ceria nanotubes with high CO conversion activity by means of carbon nanotubes as removable templates in the simple liquid phase process were fabricated under moderate conditions. The pristine CNTs were first pretreated by refluxing in a 30% nitric acid solution at 140 ℃ for 24 h, then dispersed in an ethanolic Ce（NO3）3.6H2O solution with ultrasonic radiation at room temperature for 1 h. Under vigorous stirring, NaOH solution was added drop by drop into the above ethanolic solution until the pH value was 10. The product was collected and repeatedly washed with ethanol and on drying at 60 ℃, the CeO2/CNT composites were obtained. Then, the as-prepared composites were heated at 450 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 30 min to remove CNTs. The ceria nanotubes were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction （XRD）, Transmission Electron Microscopy （TEM）, and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrum （XPS）. The results showed that the ceria nanotubes were polycrystalline face-centered cubic phase and were composed of lots of dense cefia nanoparficles. The diameter of cefia nanotubes was about 40-50 nm. Catalytic activity of the product for CO oxidation was carded out at the region of 30-300 ℃ in a U-shaped quartz reactor with feeding about 0.15 g of the catalyst, which was loaded on Al2O3 carder. The inlet gas composition was 1.0% CO and 28% O2 with N2 as balance, and the rate of flow was kept at 40 ml/min. The catalytic products were analyzed by gas chromatography. The as-repared CeO2 nanotubes showed higher CO oxidation activity, which indicated that the morphology of ceria products affected the catalytic performance. The ceria nanotubes supported on Al2O3 demonstrated that conversion temperature for CO oxidation to CO2 was lower than that for bulk catalysts.     

Effect of Lanthanum on Catalytic Growth of Carbon Nanotubes from Methane over Nickel-Aluminum Catalyst

The synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from methane decomposition by Ni-La-Al (Ni/La/Al = 10: 1:9) and Ni-Al (Ni/A1 = 1:1 ) catalysts at 1023 K was studied.Catalysts were prepared by a co-precipitation method.During the methane decomposition, a part of gases at the exit of the reactor was analyzed by gas chromatography.The experimental results show that doping La into Ni-A1 catalyst improves the catalytic lifetime and the yields of CNTs in the methane decomposition.Some characteristics of CNTs were investigated by TEM and XRD.The analyses show that CNTs deposited on the Ni-La-A1 catalyst have obvious thinner walls, less bend structures and better graphitization than the sample grown over Ni-Al.These results indicate that the introduction of lanthanum into the nickel-aluminum catalyst leads to significant changes in the morphology and microstructures of the CNTs.     

Study on Carbon Nanotubes Prepared from Catalytic Decomposition of CH4 over Lanthanum Containing Ni-Base Catalysts

A series of lanthanum containing Ni-base catalysts were prepared by citric acid complex method.Carbon nanotubes (CNT) were synthesized bY catalytic decomposing CH4 over these catalysts and characterized by XRD, TEM and TGA.It is found that the addition of lanthanum can not increase the yield of carbon nanotube, but can make the diameter of carbon nanotube thinner and even.The more the lanthanum addsr, the thinner the diameter of CNTs becomes.With the CNTs prepared on Ni-Mg catalyst, the CNTs prepared on Ni-La-Mg catalyst has better crystallinity and thermal stability.     

碳纳米管内包覆Fe/Co粒子的磁性能

采用自制的装置,通过阳极弧光放电法制备了内包覆Fe/Co磁性纳米粒子的碳纳米管(CNTs).利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、拉曼散射光谱和X射线衍射(XRD)对其进行表征,用振动样品磁强计(VSM)检测得到其磁学性能参数.TEM测试表明,CNTs杂质少,管径均匀一致,CNTs内包覆的物质均匀、连续,且为Fe/Co粒子.磁学性质的测量表明,CNTs的磁学性能较包覆前有了很大的改善,其比饱和磁化强度σ_s为17.30A·m²·kg^-1,比剩余磁化强度σ_r为3.96A·m²·kg^-1,矫顽力H_c为31521.60A·m^-1.     

氯化汞触媒的汞挥发速率

采用通量箱、比表面积分析仪、扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪测试了电石法聚氯乙烯(PVC)行业中高汞触媒、低汞触媒和废高汞触媒的汞挥发速率、比表面积、成分及汞形态.研究表明:高汞触媒、低汞触媒和废高汞触媒的汞挥发速率分别为1.04×10^-7、5.90×10^-8和2.47×10^-4mg·g^-1·min^-1.高汞触媒使用后氯化汞被还原为单质汞,且汞吸附于触媒表面,导致废高汞触媒汞挥发速率远高于新汞触媒.     

铜改性碳纳米管增强银基复合材料的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能

分别添加2%(体积分数)的多壁碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes,CNTs)和表面镀Cu改性后的碳纳米管(Cu@CNTs)作为增强相,采用热压法制备Ag基复合材料,研究CNTs的表面改性对银基复合材料力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,Ag-2Cu@CNTs复合材料中的CNTs团簇减少,由内到外形成Ag到Cu再到CNTs逐层包裹的结构,力学性能优异,硬度(HV)达到105.6,抗拉强度为248.5 MPa,比纯银分别提高30.05%和127.98%;与纯银相比,Ag-2Cu@CNTs材料具有优良的摩擦磨损性能,平均摩擦因数由0.86降至0.28,体积磨损率从88.54×10^?4 mm³/(N·m)降至3.96×10^?4 mm³/(N·m)。     

高纯纳米无定形硼粉的制备研究

本文采用等离子体技术制备了高纯纳米无定形硼粉, 对不同氢气与 BCl3 气体流量比例、 反应气体总流量 及冷却气流量等工艺参数对纯度、 粒度及晶型的影响进行了探究。 结果表明, 在一定范围内, 硼粉纯度随着 H2 通入量在 BCl3、 H2 通入量比例中的上升而增加, 硼粉粒度随着反应气体（BCl3 和 H2） 总通入量和冷却气流量的 上升而下降, 硼粉晶型随着冷却气流量的上升从晶体硼逐渐转变为无定形硼。 通过上述影响规律, 确定 BCl3、 H2 通入量比例 1:4、 反应气体总通入量 2.25 m3/h、 冷却气流量 0.9 m3/h 为较优工艺参数, 通过确定的较优工艺参数制 备高纯纳米无定形硼粉, 获得了纯度高达 99.97 wt.%、 主粒径 30~100 nm、 平均粒径 51.06 nm 的硼粉。     

基于曲面响应法的大气等离子喷涂La2Ce2O7涂层粒子特性与微观结构研究

根据Box-Behnken曲面响应法，利用Design Expert软件设计了大气等离子喷涂三个工艺参数（电流I、氩气流量、氢气流量）的三水平回归分析试验，通过SprayWatch-2i系统在线测试La₂Ce₂O₇粒子飞行速度及表面温度，经统计分析得到粒子温度和速度的回归模型。采用扫描电镜表征涂层微观结构，并利用Image-Pro-Plus图像分析软件计算未熔颗粒面积分数和孔隙率。结果表明，La₂Ce₂O₇粒子速度符合线性模型，电流、氩气流量是影响粒子速度的主要因素，而氢气流量对粒子速度的影响不显著。粒子速度随氩气流量和电流增大而线性增长。当氩气流量为120 L·min–1，电流为600 A，氢气流量为10 L·min–1时，粒子速度达到最大。粒子温度符合二次模型，氩气流量、电流以及两者之间的相互作用是影响粒子温度的最主要因素。当氩气流量为74.22 L·min–1，电流为543.96 A，氢气流量为10 L·min–1时，粒子温度达到最大。粒子熔化状态提高，涂层未熔颗粒下降。     

碳纳米管表面辐照接枝改性及负载纳米铜的研究

采用硝酸(1∶1)对碳纳米管进行氧化纯化处理,然后采用~(60)Coγ射线辐照,引发丙烯酸单体在碳纳米管表面发生自由基加成、聚合反应,对碳纳米管表面进行表面改性,所得碳纳米管在水溶液中有良好的分散性。红外光谱证实C(=O)-H、C-OH等基团接枝到碳纳米管表面,表面改性前后的碳纳米管表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)也存在显著差异。SEM研究结果表明,改性后的碳纳米管表面可以直接镀上连续、均匀的纳米铜颗粒,实现良好的异质连接。谢乐公式计算出铜晶粒平均大小为44.298nm。     

微波烧结温度对CNTs/Cu复合材料结构和性能的影响

结合液相混合方法、微波烧结技术和冷轧技术制备碳纳米管增强铜基（carbon nanotubes reinforced copper-matrix,CNTs/Cu）复合材料,研究不同烧结温度对于CNTs/Cu复合材料微观形貌、力学性能及物理性能的影响。结果表明,采用液相混合法制备出粒径为200~500 nm、碳纳米管质量分数为0.5%的CNTs/Cu复合粉体,碳纳米管均匀分散在铜颗粒中,并与之形成良好结合界面。CNTs/Cu复合材料的相对密度、硬度、电导率随着烧结温度的升高先增大后减小,在烧结温度为1000℃时达到最佳。制备的碳纳米管质量分数为0.5%的CNTs/Cu复合材料组织均匀、孔隙数量及尺寸较少,相对密度为95.79%,硬度为HV 80.9,电导率为81.8% IACS。经冷轧处理后,CNTs/Cu复合材料拉伸强度达到218 MPa,延伸率保持37.75%。由此可见,微波烧结技术是一种制备高性能CNTs/Cu复合材料的理想方法。     

镧对碳纳米管负载型Ni-B非晶态合金乙炔加氢性能的影响

采用超声辅助的浸渍-还原法制备了N i-B/CNT s及L a改性的N i-B/CNT s非晶态合金催化剂,运用ICP、XPS、TPR、H2-TPD、CO化学吸附法对催化剂进行表征,并研究了催化剂的乙炔选择加氢性能。与N i-B/CNT s相比,添加适量L a提高了活性N i表面积,增强了N i的富电子性,促进了催化剂还原、氢脱附性能,并具有更好的加氢活性,L a的适宜添加量为5%~8%(质量分数)。     

超细氧化钨的制备及其光催化性能研究

以钨酸钠和盐酸为原料,碳纳米管为载体,采用一步法将钨酸颗粒直接沉积在碳纳米管管壁上,形成钨酸-碳纳米管(H2WO4-CNTs)复合物.或采用二步法将钨酸沉淀与碳纳米管复合,形成H2WO4-CNTs复合物.之后,在氧气气氛下进行煅烧,生成了氧化钨粉末.经物理性能测试,2种方法制备的H2WO4-CNTs复合物中钨酸颗粒的平均粒径分别为10 nm和100 nm.氧化钨粉末的平均粒径分别为250 nm和2μm,比表面积分别为36.53 m2/g和13.99 m2/g.采用紫外可见分光光度计测定了氧化钨的光催化性能,在11 W的日光灯照射下,当光照时间为30 min时,脱色率分别达到93.8%和79.1%.结果表明,一步法制备的氧化钨因具有更小的平均粒径和更大的比表面积,表现出更好的物理吸附性能和光催化性能.     

Catalytic graphitization of carbon/carbon composites by lanthanum oxide

Graphitized carbon/carbon composites were prepared by the process of catalytic graphitization with the rare-earth catalyst, lantha-num oxide (La2O3), in order to increase the degree of graphitization and reduce the electrical resistivity. The modified coal tar pitch and coal-based needle coke were used as carbon source, and a small amount of La2O3 was added to catalyze the graphitization of the disordered carbon materials. The effects of La2O3 catalyst on the graphitization degree and microstructure of the carbon/carbon composites were investi-gated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that La2O3 promoted the formation of more perfect and larger crystallites, and improved the electrical/mechanical properties of carbon/carbon composites. Carbon/carbon compos-ites with a lower electrical resistivity (7.0 ???m) could be prepared when adding 5 wt.% La2O3 powder with heating treatment at 2800 oC. The catalytic effect of La2O3 for the graphitization of carbon/carbon composites was analyzed.     

ACF/CNT复合材料的制备及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

以硝酸镍为催化剂前驱体,C2H2为碳源,H2为还原气,N2为载气,采用化学气相沉积法(CVD)在活性炭纤维(ACFs)毡体的纤维表面催化生长碳纳米管(CNTs),制备ACF/CNT复合材料。经测定,所制复合材料比表面积可达62.56 m2/g;扫描电镜分析表明,CNTs在ACFs表面分布均匀而致密,经过表面修饰可以作为1种良好的吸附材料。选择低浓度的六价铬(Cr(Ⅵ))溶液进行吸附研究,考察振荡时间、溶液pH值以及溶液的初始浓度等因素对吸附行为的影响。实验结果表明,初始Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为1 mg/L,在25℃时,随着振荡时间的增长溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的脱除率逐渐增加,在150 min时达到最大值49.48%。溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的脱除率随着pH的减小而增大,当pH值为2.0时脱除率达91.50%,对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量随着溶液初始浓度的增加而增大,但是当初始浓度到达5.0 mg/L时,脱除效率到达最大值后开始降低。并对ACF/CNT复合材料的吸附机制进行了探讨。     

天然气还原热解硫酸镁制备高纯氧化镁

利用盐湖氯化镁和硫酸制备七水硫酸镁,将七水硫酸镁脱水得到无水硫酸镁.采用天然气还原热解无水硫酸镁得到高纯氧化镁.通过单因素实验考察了还原热解温度、热解时间、硫酸镁的粒径和天然气气体流量对硫酸镁转化率的影响,通过正交试验优化了还原热解的条件.采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对还原热解产物进行分析和表征.氧化镁的最佳制备条件:热解温度为1000℃,热解时间为30min,硫酸镁粒径为75μm,天然气气体流量为25mL·min^-1.温度是影响硫酸镁转化率的主要因素.在最佳制备条件下,硫酸镁的转化率达到99.27%,氧化镁的纯度达到99.5%,制取的氧化镁单分子均匀,表面为多孔蓬松,具有高比表面积.     

碳纳米管表面改性工艺参数优化试验研究

利用超声分散法对团聚的原始碳纳米管分散处理后,通过酸化、敏化、活化等步骤对其进行表面改性处理,采用表面化学镀在其表面镀覆镍层,并进行热处理.研究了碳纳米管的分散、表面改性和镀镍工艺对镀层质量的影响.实验结果表明:在乙醇溶液中,利用分散剂进行超声分散可以明显改善碳纳米管之间的团聚状况;经过酸化、敏化、活化处理后其表面可形成密集的活化点;镀镍温度在20℃左右,pH值约8.2时,所得镀层较为均匀,经410℃保温2h的热处理后,镀层变得光滑、连续、致密,镀层的厚度为12～20nm.     

碳包覆CdS纳米颗粒的光学性能研究

采用水热法制备了核壳结构的碳包覆CdS纳米颗粒(CdS@C),利用X射线衍射、高分辨透射电子显微镜和光谱仪研究了碳包覆层对CdS@C的微观结构与光学性能影响.结果表明,碳包覆CdS纳米颗粒具有明显的核壳结构,内核为六方纤锌矿结构CdS,外壳为碳层.颗粒形貌主要为球形或椭球形结构,粒度均匀,分散性良好,粒径分布在20～6...     

An efficient and inexpensive method for the production of multi-wall carbon nano tubes by the thermal plasma route

An extended argon arc plasma reactor has been utilised for efficiently producing multi-walled carbon nano tubes (MWCNT) with an inexpensive raw material such as the calcined petroleum coke. In this investigation, CPC powder was dry mixed with 2.5 wt %, Ni catalyst in a ball mill and the resulting homogeneous raw material mixture was heat treated in a graphite crucible in a vacuum argon arc plasma reactor for the duration of 30 minutes. It was noted that carbon nano tubes (CNTs) were deposited on a relatively cooler portion of the plasma reactor, with a yield of 15 wt %, with respect to the total weight of the charge. The extensive characterization of the carbon nano-tubes was carried out through micro-Raman, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The XRD studies on the CNTs, produced by the above method showed 100% peak at d₀₀₂ value of 3.39 Å and other peaks of 4-H graphite. The d- band and g- band reflections observed in the Raman spectrum of CNTs also showed graphite as a major and cubic diamond as a minor phase. The TEM studies on the plasma processed and purified CNTs, showed aspect ratio of 15 to 16 and an average diameter of 3.4 nm.     

Respiratory gas exchange. Anesthesia with enflurane or isoflurane in nitrous oxide during spontaneous and controlled ventilation

The estimation of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide elimination is essential for predicting the metabolic activity and needs of any patient having anaesthesia. During anaesthesia oxygen consumption can be measured and compared to a predicted value. However, oxygen uptake is affected by anaesthetic agents, which complicates the interpretation of measured oxygen uptake rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are any differences in respiratory gas exchange during anaesthesia with enflurane and isoflurane and also to assess the effects of spontaneous versus controlled ventilation. METHODS. Forty orthopedic patients were randomized to enflurane or isoflurane anaesthesia in nitrous oxide with either spontaneous or controlled ventilation. A fresh low-gas-flow technique was used. Inspiratory oxygen and end-tidal carbon dioxide concentrations and expiratory minute ventilation were measured in a circle absorber system between the y-piece and the endotracheal tube with a sampling analyser. Between the mixing box and the absorption canister, carbon dioxide concentration was continuously measured. The carbon dioxide elimination was calculated from mixed expired concentration and expiratory minute ventilation. Excess gas was collected every 10 min in a non-permeable mylar plastic bag connected to the excess valve. The excess gas flow was calculated and the oxygen uptake rate was assumed to be the difference between the oxygen fresh gas flow and the oxygen excess gas flow. RESULTS. The grand mean oxygen uptake rate was 2.5 ml.kg-1 x min-1 or 100 ml.min-1 x m-2. There were no statistically significant differences in oxygen uptake between enflurane and isoflurane anaesthesia or between spontaneous and controlled ventilation. The mean oxygen uptake rate at 10 min was between 2.0 and 2.2 ml.kg-1 x min-1 in all groups. At 30 min the mean oxygen uptake rates were 2.6 to 2.8 ml.kg-1 x min-1. Carbon dioxide elimination was closely associated with expired minute ventilation, with a carbon dioxide excretion of about 30 ml per litre gas exhaled, irrespective of ventilatory mode employed.     

Synthesis of Y2O3 Nano-Powder from Yttrium Oxalate under Ambient Temperature

ThereareseveralprecipitationmethodsinthesynthesisofY2 O3 nano powdersuchascarbonatemethod ,ammoniumsaltmethodandoxyhydratemeth odetc .[1～ 5] ,buttheoxalateprecipitationmethodisconsideredtobethebestmethodinindustryandtheadvantagesofoxalicacidastheagentofp…