混合回归模型参数MM估计的迭代算法及其收敛性

本文在[1]与[2]的基础上,给出混合回归模型参数两步M估计的一个迭代算法,并证明了这种算法的收敛性,最后通过随机模拟结果和一个实例,比较了两步M估计与两步最小二乘估计的优劣。     

半变系数模型的M估计

本文讨论半变系数模型的稳健M估计.先用局部线性方法给出未知可测函数的一步估计,并讨论其弱一致性和渐近正态性;通过Back-fitting技巧,给出未知参数向量的一般M估计,然后再通过局部M方法给出未知函数的两步估计,并讨论它们的渐近正态性.     

混合模型的参数估计

本文针对 A.L.khuri1 992年提出的在区组设计正交 (不是正交表 )条件下 ,混合模型未知参数 β的两类估计一致的结论 ,深入讨论了位置参数 β0 的三类估计 ;从而将以上结果推广到全部待估参向量     

动态-测量系统M型滤波的抗扰性分析

本文在动态-测量系统模型下讨论了文[1]中定义的M型滤波族的抗扰性.主要结果包括:(1)合理地提出了M型状态估计的w-抗扰性和s-抗扰性概念,并在不太强的条件下证明了M型滤波是w-抗扰的;(2)给出并证明了它的小样本崩溃点     

双曲型积分微分方程一个新H1-Galerkin混合元格式

在半离散格式下,本文针对一类双曲型积分微分方程,研究了一个新的H1-Galerkin混合有限元方法.该方法不需要满足离散的LBB条件,而且网格剖分不需要满足正则性条件.利用单元的特殊性质,在不需要使用Rita-Vrolterra投影,而是直接使用插值的情况下,得到了与传统混合有限元方法相同的误差估计,并且得到了超逼近性质.最后,通过使用插值后处理技巧,还得到了相应的超收敛结果.     

矩阵损失下线性混合模型中的局部线性Minimax估计

本文研究了一般线性混合模型中固定效应和随机效应的线性组合的Minimax估计问题.在矩阵损失函数下,考虑了这个组合的线性估计在线性估计类中的局部极小极大性.关于适当的假设,得到了线性可估函数的唯一局部线性Minimax估计.     

方差分量的非负估计

本文对含两个方差分量的线性混合模型,给出了基于谱分解估计构造方差分量的非负估计的两种新方法,由新方法构造的非负估计在一定的条件下在均方误差意义下一致优于谱分解估计,且有显式解、计算简便。     

Sobolev方程的最小二乘混合有限元方法

本文提出了一种新的最小二乘混合有限元方法求解Sobolev方程.采用了对υ和σ不同指标的有限元空间进行计算(LBB条件不需要),分析了此逼近格式的收敛性,并给出相应的误差估计.误差结果表明此种数值方法具有最优的收敛阶,并且关于时间具有二阶的收敛精度.     

伪抛物型积分微分方程的混合有限元误差估计

基于Raviart-Thomas空间,本文对伪抛物型积分微分方程初边值问题提出了混合有限元方法.与通常的有限元方法相比,该方法可以同时高精度逼近未知函数及未知函数的梯度.通过引入广义混合椭圆投影,证明了其存在唯一性,并得到了其一系列性质,利用其性质给出了平方模范数下的最优误差估计;利用广义混合椭圆投影和正则Green函数得到了最大模范数下的拟最优误差估计.     

基于M序列调相信号的矢量水听器方位估计

利用矢量水听器接收确知脉冲信号来确定声源方位时,脉冲信号形式可以考虑采用M序列调相信号,具有良好的抗多途效应,本文提出了各向同性噪声场下利用矢量水听器接收确知脉冲信号进行方位估计的最大似然方位估计.矢量水听器的水池试验结果证明在多途效应比较严重的情况下,采用M序列调相信号利用以上方法进行方位估计仍可取得较高了测向的精度.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from