碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料自诊断性能研究

对碳纤维增强不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料在拉伸，弯曲条件下电阻率与应变的变化关系进行了研究，对测试结果进行了数理分析，确定相应的数学经验公式，由此研制出一类可通过电阻率变化对相应复合材料应力状况进行自诊的复合材料。     

The electrical conductive effect of nickel-coated graphite/two-component silicone-rubber sealant

Nickel-coated graphite particles and two-component silicone-rubber were compounded to form a conductive composite system. The electrical volume resistivity of the composites were examined and compared under constant tensile strains, cyclic heating-cooling, electric field and repeated cyclic tensile strains in order to study the mechanism of electrical conductivity behaviors of the conductive composites under stress, temperature and current. The results showed that a peak value of the electrical resistivity appeared previously and then gradually increasing with increasing tensile strain. The electrical resistivity displayed positive temperature coefficient effect during the temperature increasing and decreasing. Applying 5A direct current to the conductive composites resulted in an increase in the electrical resistance immediately, but no changes were detected under lower currents. Under the repeated cyclic strain, the peak value of the electrical resistivity of each cycle increased with the test cycle. All the electrical resistivity changes were attributed to the conductive networks broken-up and rebuilt in the conductive composites.     

Electrical resistance behavior of vinylester composites filled with glass-carbon hybrid fibers

Vinylester (bismethacryloxy derivative of a bisphenol-A type EP resin, VE) composites with glass-carbon hybrid fibers (CF-GF) weight fraction of 50%, were prepared by the compress molding method. The distribution of carbon fiber in the hybrids was observed by stereomicroscope. The electrical resistance behavior of the composites filled with different carbon fiber (CF) weight contents (0.5% to 20%) was studied. The experimental results show that the electrical resistance behaviors of CF-GF/VE composites are different with those of CF/VE composites because carbon fibers’ conducting networks are broken by the glass fibers in the CF-GF/VE composites. The carbon fibers distribute uniformly in the networks of glass fibers (GF) like single silk and form the semi-continuous conducting networks. Composite filled with GF-CF hybrid has a higher percolation threshold than that filled with pure CF. At that time, the resistivity of CF-GF/VE composites varies little with the temperature increasing. The temperature coefficient of resistivity in GF-CF/VE composite is less than 317 ppm and the variation of the resistivity after ten thermal cycles from 20 °C to 240 °C is less than 1.96%. Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2007ABA028)     

碳纤维石墨导电沥青砂浆压敏性能研究

以碳纤维与石墨作为导电相材料,通过室内制备导电沥青砂浆试验,分析了不同碳纤维掺量、石墨掺量、石墨碳纤维两相复合对沥青砂浆电阻率的影响;通过循环加载试验分析了材料的压敏性及可逆性;引入电阻率变化率Fn、单位应力下电阻率变化值Kn两个参数,通过数理统计,探讨了不同循环加载次数下Fn、Kn变化的规律与趋势。试验结果表明:碳纤维与石墨的掺入可以有效降低沥青砂浆的电阻率;材料电导率随压应力的增加而增加,随压应力的卸载而下降,有较好的压敏性;Fn、Kn随循环加载次数有很好的相关关系;随着循环荷载次数的增加,单位应力下电阻率变化值减小,机敏可逆性趋于稳定;进一步改善材料设计,减少材料的塑性变形,对保证初期检测结果的可靠性十分重要。     

局部叠层碳纤维水泥基材料的应变电阻效应研究

将碳纤维加入普通混凝土中,普通混凝土便成为具有自诊断功能特性的智能混凝土.利用这些功能特性可望实现土木工程结构和基础设施的健康监测.使用连续碳纤维束取代传统碳纤维增强混凝土中的短切碳纤维,研究了局部叠层碳纤维水泥基材料三点弯曲梁在单调和循环拉应力作用下电阻的变化规律,分析了局部叠层碳纤维水泥基材料的应变-电阻效应,并与连续碳纤维水泥基材料应变-电阻效应作了比较.结果表明,局部叠层碳纤维水泥基材料的应变灵敏系数是连续碳纤维水泥基材料应变灵敏系数的近23倍,但稳定性要差一些;局部叠层碳纤维水泥基材料的电阻随着拉伸应变的增大而增大,随着拉伸应变的减小而减小,可望用于土木工程结构和基础设施的健康监测.     

纳米碳纤维自密实混凝土的电阻特性

为了探讨纳米碳纤维自密实混凝土的导电特性及功能化的可行性,对其静态电阻进行了观测。在此基础上,测量纳米碳纤维自密实混凝土试件在单轴抗压试验、劈裂试验和抗弯试验中的实时电阻变化,分析讨论了在受力（拉压）情况下试件的电阻变化规律。试验结果表明,掺量适当的纳米碳纤维自密实混凝土的电阻率在半导体范围之内;在受拉、压作用时电阻变...     

Mechanism of functional responses to loading of carbon fiber reinforced cement-based composites

Single fiber pull-out testing was conducted to study the origin of the functional responses to loading of carbon fiber reinforced cement-based composites. The variation of electrical resistance with the bonding force on the fiber-matrix interface was measured. Single fiber electromechanical testing was also conducted by measuring the electrical resistance under static tension. Comparison of the results shows that the resistance increasing during single fiber pull-out is mainly due to the changes at the interface. The conduction mechanism of the composite can be explained by the tunneling model. The interfacial stress causes the deformation of interfacial structure and the interfacial debonding, which have influences on the tunneling effect and result in the change of resistance.     

Effect of strain on the electrical resistance of carbon nanotube/silicone rubber composites

Carbon nanotube (CNT) filled silicone rubber (SR) composites were synthesized by in situ polymerization.The effect of strain on the electrical resistance of the CNT/SR composites and the structure evolution of CNT networks during tensile deformation were investigated.The results showed that the CNT/SR composites had high sensitivity of resistance-strain response.In a wide strain range (0-125%),the change of resistivity could reach 107,which was closely associated with the evolution process of the conductive CNT-network structure.The volume expansion of the composites in the tensile process led to a gradual decrease in the volume fraction of CNTs with the strain increase.When CNT loading was lower than the percolation threshold,CNT network was in disconnected state with a rapid increase in electrical resistance of the composites.Furthermore,the CNT loading had remarkable effect on the sensitivity of resistance-strain response in the composites.     

Effect of carbon fibre on properties of TiB2/C composite cathode coating for aluminum electrolysis

The tensile strength, compressive strength and electrical resistivity of TiB2/C composite cathode coating were measured with a hydraulic pressure universal test machine and an electrical resistivity test device, and the effects of carbon fibre content and carbon fibre length on tensile strength, compressive strength and electrical resistivity were investigated. The results show that the tensile strength of coating increases at the beginning and then reduces with the increase of carbon fibre content when the carbon fibre (length of 3 mm) content ranges from 0 to 4.0%; at the carbon fibre content of 1.5%, the tensile strength of coating reaches the maximum, 25.6 MPa. For the coating with carbon fibre content of 1.5%, the carbon fibre length has a great influence on tensile strength and compressive strength of coating; when the carbon fibre length is 6 mm, the tensile strength and compressive strength of coating reach the maximum, 27.6 MPa and 39.2 MPa, respectively. The electrical resistivity of coating reduces with the rise of temperature and the length of carbon fibre, and the influence of carbon fibre length on electrical resistivity of coating at low temperature (30-200℃) is more obvious than that at high temperature (960℃).     

Strain Effect of Manganin Transverse Piezoresistive Gauge and Measurement of Dynamic Transverse Stresses

Manganin piezoresistive gauges have been extensively used in dynamic stress measurement for decades.It is noted,however,that when used to measure transverse stresses,considerable strain effect is caused as the consequence of change of electrical resistance resulted from bending of wires in the longitudinal-strain-experiencing sensing element of the gauge,a phenomenon discussed in this paper theoretically as well as experimentally.This effect yields unwanted signals to blend with output piezoresistive signal...     

活性碳和LiOl添加剂对聚丙烯腈超细纤维的影响

将活性碳粉末和LiCl粉末分别加入聚丙烯腈纺丝液中,采用滚筒接收的静电纺丝方法制备具有定向排列分布的超细纤维。采用电子扫描显微镜观察纤维表面形态,采用红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪分析纤维内部结构,采用KE孓G1拉伸仪测试纤维膜的力学性能。分析发现：添加剂的加入会改善纤维沿滚筒旋转方向的定向排列程度但都降低材料的拉伸强力;随着活性碳含量的增加,纤维的直径逐渐增加,纤维膜的力学性能变差;而LiCl加入后提高了纤维中大分子的取向排列程度,纤维膜的断裂强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势;当LiCl含量为0．6％时,纤维具有较好的断裂伸长率。     

等离子体表面改性处理牦牛毛纤维

为了改善牦牛毛纤维的表面性能,研究了低温等离子体表面改性处理牦牛毛对其表面性能的影响。通过SEM,XPS分析了处理前后纤维表面形貌和纤维表面元素成分的变化,探讨了经氧等离子体和空气等离子体分别处理后,牦牛毛的拉伸强度。研究结果表明,低温等离子体表面改性处理能够刻蚀牦牛毛纤维表面的鳞片,而且空气等离子体的刻蚀效果优于氧等离子体的刻蚀效果;等离子体处理能够保持牦牛毛的拉伸强度不变。     

Effect of carbon fibre on properties of TiB2/C composite cathode coating for aluminum electrolysis

The tensile strength, compressive strength and electrical resistivity of TiB₂/C composite cathode coating were measured with a hydraulic pressure universal test machine and an electrical resistivity test device, and the effects of carbon fibre content and carbon fibre length on tensile strength, compressive strength and electrical resistivity were investigated. The results show that the tensile strength of coating increases at the beginning and then reduces with the increase of carbon fibre content when the carbon fibre (length of 3 mm) content ranges from 0 to 4.0%; at the carbon fibre content of 1.5%, the tensile strength of coating reaches the maximum, 25.6 MPa. For the coating with carbon fibre content of 1.5%, the carbon fibre length has a great influence on tensile strength and compressive strength of coating; when the carbon fibre length is 6 mm, the tensile strength and compressive strength of coating reach the maximum, 27.6 MPa and 39.2 MPa, respectively. The electrical resistivity of coating reduces with the rise of temperature and the length of carbon fibre, and the influence of carbon fibre length on electrical resistivity of coating at low temperature (30–200 °C) is more obvious than that at high temperature (960 °C). Foundation item: Project(2005CB623703) supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China     

Charactersitics of Stress-strain Curve of High Strength Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete under Uniaxial Tension

A whole of 110 specimens divided into 22 groups were tested with varying the volume fraction of steel fibers and the matrix strength of these specimens. The stress-strain behaviors of four types of steel fiber reinforced concrete （SFRC） under uniaxial tension were studied experimentally. When the matrix strength and the fiber content increase, the tensile stress and tensile strain vary differently according to the fiber type. The mechanisms of reinforcing effect for different types of fiber were analyzed and the stress-strain curves of the specimens were plotted. Some experimental factors for stress or strain of SFRC were given. A tensile toughness modulus Re0.5 was introduced to evaluate the toughness characters of SFRC under uniaxial tension. Moreover, the formula of the tensile stress-strain curve of SFRC was regressed. The theoretical curve and the experimental ones fit well, which can be used for references in construction.     

Electroless nickel plating on the surface of carbon fibers

The electroless nickel plating on the surface of carbon fibers was prepared by pretreating the carbon fibers in order to increase their conductivity,and consequently enhance the EMI shielding effectiveness of the composites.The relationship between the performance of depositing coat and pH value,temperature,reaction time and the way of agitation was studied.Results show that the depositing quality is stable under pH between 4.5 and 5.0,temperature between 75 ℃ and 85 ℃,reaction time for 10 min and air agitation.The uniform and compact nickel layer deposited on carbon fibers was proved by XRD and SEM,and the electrical resistivity of carbon fibers with nickel coating was tested.Results indicate that the electrical resistivity of carbon fibers with electroless nickel plating is decreased by an order of magnitude compared with that of carbon fibers.It means that nickel coating can greatly improve the electromagnetic interference shielding properties of carbon fibers.     

Resistance Responses of Carbon Fiber Cement to Cycled Compressive Stresses

1Introduction Thestudyofthecement basedmaterialswithcarbon fibershaslastedmorethanonedecade.Carbonfiberisa high performanceandmulti functionalreinforcementma terial.Itpossessesaseriesofexcellentcharacteristics,suchaslowthermalexpansion,highelectricalcondu…     

The Smart Behavior of Cement-based Composite Containing Carbon Fibers under Three-point-bending Load

1Introduction Intrinsicconductivecementbasedcompositeshavereceivedmuchattentionduringthelastdecades,becauseoftheirinterestingpotentialapplication,suchasbeingutilizedforthenondestructionoftheintegrityofconcretestructures,electromagneticinterferenceshieldin…     

基于小概率事件法估计大坝混凝土实际抗拉强度

结合三维弹性徐变仿真计算公式分析了应变计组实测值转化为实际应力的计算公式,认为当前采用应变计组实测应变计算三维空间实际应力的公式不够完善,给出了理论严谨的应变计组测值转化三维空间实际应力计算公式。提出了利用小概率事件法估计大坝混凝土实际抗拉强度,结合混凝土大坝埋设的应变计组和无应力计实测值,采用小概率事件法初步探讨了大坝混凝土的实际抗拉强度和极限拉伸变形的估计,实践表明,当获得应变计组长时间测值系列,以及获得较多的应变计组的测值样本后,基于小概率事件法可以得到符合大坝混凝土实际情况的抗拉强度和极限拉伸变形。     

Electrical Conductivity of the Carbon Fiber Conductive Concrete

This paper discussed two methods to enhance the electrical conductivity of the carbon fiber（CF） electrically conductive concrete. The increase in the content of stone and the amount of water used to dissolve the methylcellulose and marinate the carbon fibers can decrease the electrical resistivity of the electrically conductive concrete effectively. Based on these two methods, the minimum CF content of the CF electrically conductive concrete for deicing or snow-melting application and the optimal ratio of the amount of water to dissolve the methylcellulose and marinate the carbon fibers were obtained.     

无电极电阻率法研究水泥基复合材料的导电机理

采用无电极电阻率法监测了分别掺入碳纤维、钢纤维和碎石骨料的水泥基复合材料在72 h内的电阻率,并用Hymstruc3D建立了微观结构模型分析导电机理。结果表明:水泥浆体的电阻率受电解质液相饱和度、孔隙率及孔结构曲折度的影响。掺入的导电纤维能明显降低水泥基复合材料的电阻率;而掺入骨料时,其电阻率明显增加。水泥基复合材料的导电现象是由水泥浆体中液相离子导电和导电纤维中的电子导电的共同作用所致。水泥基复合材料的电阻率与其导电相的含量密切相关。无电极电阻率法为估算水泥基复合材料中导电相或非导电相的含量提供了新的思路。