一种新型智能防松螺母的研究

 为了有效地解决螺纹联接的松动、松脱问题，提出从功能材料入手利用铁基形状记忆合金来研制一种新型螺母的设计思想．从理论上分析了新型螺母的防松机理，并试验研究了螺母的静动态防松效果和重复使用性能．试验结果表明，新型智能螺母具有很好的静动态防松效果，并且可以重复使用．     

复合材料螺栓联接螺纹载荷分布规律研究

基于Abaqus有限元分析软件建立了复合材料螺栓联接的三维有限元模型,以预测复合材料螺栓联接的螺纹载荷分布,为使模型符合真实情况,将螺母支承在弹性地基上并通过Abaqus USDFLD子程序考虑了C基或SiC基复合材料拉压不对称特性。此外,本文对预测金属螺纹的载荷分布的Yamamoto方法进行了经验性的推广,使其可以反映C基或SiC基复合材料的各向异性和拉压不对称性。通过对比多组材料及几何参数下推广的Yamamoto方法（EYM）和有限元法（FEM）预测的螺纹载荷分布验证了推广的Yamamoto方法的有效性。研究结果表明：复合材料螺栓联接的载荷分布通常比金属联接的载荷分布更均匀;随着螺距与直径之比的增加,螺纹载荷分布不均程度有所增加;复合材料螺栓绕其轴线相对于螺母的转动对载荷分布几乎没有影响。     

基于有限元的一种新型螺母的防松机理研究

利用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立一种新型防松螺母和标准螺母的三维有限元模型,并分别与标准螺栓装配。首先分析在循环横向载荷作用下,锁紧后的标准螺母螺栓预紧力和啮合螺纹间微滑移的变化趋势;随后比较了相同初始预紧力条件下,新型防松螺母和标准螺母承受一定的循环横向载荷时剩余预紧力和啮合螺纹微滑移。结果表明,循环横向载荷下,预紧力的降低和啮合螺纹间的微滑移是螺栓联结松动的主要原因;初始预紧力对剩余预紧力百分比和微滑移有较大影响,在允许条件下应尽量增大预紧力;同时,该防松螺母具有较好的抵抗自松动的能力,这与试验结果吻合较好。最后研究了防松螺母的防松机理以及工作时产生的附加弯矩随预紧力的变化趋势。     

C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料螺栓连接件的振动响应特性及防松性能

通过对C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料螺栓连接件的模态进行计算和试验分析,确定了其模态参数和振动响应特性;然后通过对C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料螺栓连接件进行正弦扫频振动试验,研究了拧紧力矩对螺栓连接件振动性能的影响规律;最后研究了液态聚硼硅氮烷（L-PBSZ）对C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料螺栓连接件防松性能的影响。研究结果表明：一阶和三阶固有计算模态频率与试验模态频率一致,因此可以采用有限元分析方法对C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料螺栓连接件进行振动响应特性分析;采用正弦扫频振动频谱信号差值曲线分析方法可以检测螺栓连接件是否松动;SEM观察表明,L-PBSZ改性的C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料螺栓连接件的螺纹副间形成陶瓷填充体,使得螺纹与螺母间有效摩擦系数和有效摩擦面积增加,因此螺母松脱退出的力矩增大,提高了C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料螺栓连接件的防松可靠性能。     

关于新型防松螺纹的研究

本文分析了普通防松螺纹的结构,指出其不能达到防松效果的主要原因。介绍了变牙型防松螺母在防松性能方面的优越性及其局限性,在此基础上设计了双变牙型防松螺纹。     

牵引供电接触网金具联接防松方法及应用

本文对牵引供电接触网零部件螺栓联接方式进行了分析,着重对螺栓联接的防松原理、措施进行了分析,通过防松方法的对比,使设计人员重视并优化防松措施,施工人员按设计要求落实措施,以保障接触网的可靠运行。     

螺纹联接的预紧与防松

螺纹联接作为目前应用最为广泛的一种联接方式，在工程机械各个行业发挥着重要的作用。但其预紧和松动问题一直是螺纹紧固件的最大难题。本文介绍了多种螺纹联接的预紧力控制方法和防松措施，从多方面针对性的阐述了解决螺纹联接质量的方法     

输电铁塔双螺母防松螺栓横向振动试验研究

螺栓松动是强风区和舞动区输电铁塔横担损坏的主要原因,通过开展三种型式输电铁塔双螺母螺栓的横向振动试验,获得了双螺母螺栓的预紧力时程曲线,分析了上、下螺母安装扭矩比例对螺栓预紧力衰减特性的影响规律。下螺母与上螺母安装扭矩之比为25%时,普通双螺母螺栓的防松性能最佳。完成了输电铁塔横担在舞动工况下的横向振动试验,确定了铁塔横担螺栓松动顺序和松动位置的分布规律。舞动荷载作用下横担下平面螺栓易发生松动,其中下平面主材与固定端连接螺栓、横担端部挂点处杆件连接螺栓的松脱现象最为严重,建议设计时进一步提高横担下平面主材及斜材连接螺栓的防松性能。     

飞机振动区内的螺纹联接件的防松探讨

螺纹联接作为目前广泛采用的一种联接方式,在各行各业正发挥着重要的作用。但其松动问题也一直是个难题。在航空业内,已经发展了许多类型的防松方法。本文分析了在飞机的振动区内的螺纹紧固件的松动原因,介绍了常用的防松措施。结合现有的防松措施,对刹车总管油滤盖的防松提出了几点建议。     

振动工况下螺栓连接自松弛机理研究

为研究振动工况下螺栓连接自松弛机理,利用ANSYS参数化语言建立考虑螺纹的三维螺栓连接有限元模型,用降温法加载预紧力,进行螺栓连接横向振动瞬态分析;研究横向激励幅值、初始预紧力、螺纹啮合面、螺栓头及螺母承压面以及连接物之间结合面的摩擦因数等对螺栓连接自松弛影响。结果表明,横向振动时完全滑移先发生于螺纹啮合面处;横向激励幅值越小、初始预紧力越大、螺纹啮合面及螺栓头、螺母承压面摩擦因数越大,螺栓连接自松弛越不易发生;激励幅值一定时连接物间结合面摩擦因数对自松弛无影响,但摩擦因数越大,发生横向振动所需剪切载荷越大。研究结果对理解螺栓连接自松弛、指导防松设计具有重要意义。     

发动机气缸体螺纹联接强度有限元分析

针对发动机设计中螺纹联接强度计算的问题,采用有限元通用程序ABAQUS/STANDARD,研究气缸体螺纹区域强度准确计算的方案,即通过简化后的装配体模型计算螺栓在工作载荷下的受力,然后将获得的螺栓受力做为载荷边界条件施加在带螺纹的局部模型中,计算螺栓和缸体螺纹区域的应力。网格划分时,在局部模型中将缸体简化,并将螺柱分为两部分,之后皆用六面体单元进行网格划分以减小计算量、提高准确性。最后通过实例对某气缸体螺纹区域在预紧状态、峰值燃烧压力作用下的应力进行计算与分析,验证该计算方案的可行性。该方案为今后发动机的螺纹联接设计和计算提供一条可行的路径,且对相关的工程实际应用具有很强的指导意义。     

Ermüdungsverhalten von Schraubenverbindungen

Fatigue Behaviour of Bolted Connections In bolted connections the bolt must withstand under alternating forces the resulting fatigue loads at each local area. Therefore the endurance limit of the first stressed engaged thread in the nut or tapered hole is related to the thread diameter, the nut heigth and the strength ratio of the bolt and nut. It is shown which influence on the fatigue limit has the thread profile, the pitch-diameter-ratio, the prestress in relation to the strength grade of the bolt and the thread rolling process before or after heat treatment. Additional bending will cause a significant loss of fatigue strength, while high temperature application does not decrease the fatigue limit.     

Investigation into the loosening mechanism of bolt in curvic coupling subjected to transverse loading

It has been widely observed that fasteners turn loose when subjected to dynamic loads in the form of shock, vibration or transverse cyclic loading. This reduces the preload force of bolt and leads to joint failure. Such failures can be catastrophic in safety critical applications. In this paper, the self-loosening of bolts in curvic coupling is analyzed based on the self-rotation of nut in the cases of cyclic torque loads on discs after the preload of bolts. The three-dimensional finite element model for curvic coupling and threads is established in commercial finite element software ANSYS to study the details of the self-loosening process of bolt. Such processes are characterized by microslip at the curvic, the bolt head and the thread contact surfaces. It is found that due to the application of the cyclic transverse load, the nut rotation can occur for only localized slip without complete slip at the bolt head contact surface and the thread surface. However, the curvic surface always shows complete slip under all external loads. The microslip on all contact surfaces are identified to be the major mechanisms responsible for the self-loosening of a curvic coupling. The results obtained agree quantitatively with the experimental observations.     

普通螺母及自锁螺母对螺栓标定特征曲线的影响

采用纵波法并使用自制的内螺纹夹具,分别选择普通螺母和自锁螺母来标定螺栓,通过不同的拧紧策略和标定方法,分析普通螺母和自锁螺母标定螺栓特征曲线的差异.结果表明:采用普通螺母和自锁螺母标定螺栓因方法不同会获得不同的标定特征曲线,自锁螺母的锁紧扭矩使螺栓温度升高导致超声波声时差增加,因此获得的标定特征曲线会平行右移.     

影响钢结构用高强度大六角头螺栓连接副扭矩系数的因素

从自身质量及检测过程两方面入手,讨论了影响钢结构用高强度大六角头螺栓连接副扭矩系数的因素,并通过对比试验,就各种因素对扭矩系数的影响规律进行了初步研究。结果表明:影响因素主要有螺纹完好状况、螺母和垫圈油污情况、连接副锈蚀情况、检测环境、检测仪器精度、检测细节和连接副保证期等。     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF METHODS FOR ESTIMATING BOLT FATIGUE LIMITS

The approach to predicting fatigue limits from calculated stress concentration factors, using thread load distributions obtained from analytical theories is examined. In particular combinations of the methods of Shigley, Otaki, Heywood, Birger, Bluhm and Flanagan, Sopwith and a modification to Sopwith's theory are assessed against fatigue test data and photoelastic results for a range of bolt and nut geometries. The Snow-Langer-Cook, the Goodman and the Gerber methods of allowing for the effect of mean stress were also examined. It was concluded that mean stress effects are significant, that none of the theories are sufficiently sensitive to changes in geometry, and that they seriously overestimate the fatigue limit when the geometry is more severe than the standard. The use of Sopwith's theory of load distribution combined with Heywood's method and the Snow-Langer-Cook technique was found to be the safest for design purposes, but not the most accurate.     

C/SiC复合材料螺栓螺牙承载能力

为了对C/SiC复合材料螺栓螺牙的承载能力进行评估,采用有限元法和刚度折减方法对C/SiC复合材料螺牙抵抗拉脱的能力进行了研究。结果表明:当齿合螺牙数大于6时,再增加齿合螺牙数已不能有效地提高螺牙的初始拉脱载荷;增大螺距会降低螺牙初始拉脱强度,因而也不能显著地提高螺牙的初始拉脱载荷;在螺距与螺栓直径之比保持常数的情况下,螺牙的初始拉脱载荷与螺栓直径的平方成正比;而螺牙的极限拉脱载荷则近似正比于齿合螺牙数、螺距及螺栓直径。     

Stress distribution and performance of threaded bolts in gasketed flange joints

The performance of the flange joint depends on the relaxation of load in bolts. This in turn affects the gasket stress and control of leakage. A finite element model of flange joint with threaded bolt-nut fastener having zero helix angle is developed and analyzed for stress distribution in the threaded bolt. The stress concentration factor at the thread root region is observed to be non-uniform along the circumference due to the bending behavior of the bolt in the flange joint. The maximum stress is observed in the first engaged thread. The variation in bolt load due to internal fluid, thermal and external loads are also investigated for both single and twin-gaskets (two concentric half-sized single gaskets). The gasket material and gasket configuration are observed to be potential factors causing variation in the distribution of load in the flange joint. In a flange joint subjected to external bending load, the maximum stress concentration in the bolt is observed to be in the first thread, instead of the first engaged thread. Under external bending load, the flange joint loses its structural integrity before the traces of leakage occur in the joint.