基于广域信号的柔性直流输电附加阻尼控制

柔性直流输电具有灵活可控的特点,而广域信号或广域信号的组合具有可控、可观性好和相位关系稳定等特点.结合柔性直流输电和广域信号的优点设计了柔性直流输电广域稳定控制器.利用扩展留数比选择最优的广域信号或其组合作为反馈输入,利用极点配置的方法确定附加阻尼控制器的参数.数值仿真结果表明基于广域信号为输入的阻尼控制器在系统振荡时能很好地阻尼功角振荡.     

基于参量Lyapunov理论的广域时滞阻尼控制器设计

针对联络线可能存在的功率低频振荡,采用广域测量数据并选择合适的反馈信号实现快速的广域时滞阻尼控制。在建立的电力系统线性化模型中考虑广域测量信号时滞,并基于参量Lyapunov理论设计得到了一种新型的广域时滞阻尼控制器,控制器控制律和参数值可以通过参量Lyapunov方程直接得到。基于4机2区仿真模型建立了互联电力系统研究模型,时域仿真表明,所提的广域时滞阻尼控制器能有效地阻尼互联系统区间振荡。     

计及广域信号时变时滞影响的大型双馈风力发电系统附加鲁棒阻尼控制

大规模风电接入互联电力系统可能会导致电网联络线上严重的功率振荡。大型双馈风力发电系统能独立控制有功和无功功率,可以通过将控制信号附加到有功功率控制环节来调节输出的有功,以此用来阻尼系统功率振荡。针对系统中可能存在的功率振荡,采用广域测量数据并选择合适的反馈信号实现了快速的广域时滞阻尼控制。在建立的电力系统线性化模型中考虑了广域测量信号时滞。基于自由权矩阵方法获得了线性化模型标准化时滞鲁棒控制方法,可以由线性矩阵不等式进行求解。在此基础上,设计得到了广域时滞状态反馈控制器。控制器参数可以通过所提出的LMI迭代算法优化得到。结合状态观测理论获得了一种新型广域时滞输出反馈控制器。基于四机两区域仿真模型建立了含风电接入的互联电力系统研究模型。时域仿真表明,所提出的广域时滞阻尼控制器能有效地阻尼系统区间振荡。     

基于数据驱动的背靠背柔性直流自适应广域阻尼控制

针对大型互联电网中可能存在的低频振荡问题,提出一种基于数据驱动的背靠背柔性直流输电系统自适应广域阻尼控制器(adaptivewide-areadampingcontroller,A-WADC)。该A-WADC选取广域测量信号作为输入,同时调节柔性直流输电的有功和无功控制环。为了适应系统运行状态变化,采用基于数据驱动的目标表示的启发式动态规划算法进行控制器设计,无需受控系统的数学模型,仅根据系统输入输出数据信息便能设计控制器。此外,设计自适应时滞补偿器以有效补偿广域信号中存在的通讯时滞。以含背靠背柔性直流输电系统的实际电网等值简化模型为例进行仿真研究,仿真结果验证所提A-WADC在不同运行工况和不同通讯时滞下,均能有效抑制系统的低频振荡,改善系统的暂态稳定性。     

交直流互联系统非线性自适应控制规律设计

针对舍有多台发电机的交直流互联系统,为了提高交直流输电系统的稳定性,应用非线性自适应控制设计方法,通过递推法得到了应用于交直流互联系统直流功率调制的非线性自适应控制策略,该控制规律包含了对系统中未知参数的动态估计,用以阻尼交直流互联系统的区域间功率振荡。最后,获得了交直流互联系统的非线性自适应直流附加控制器的一般表达式。4机系统的仿真结果表明,与传统的线性直流功率调制相比较,所设计的控制器对联络线的功率振荡具有良好的阻尼功能;特别是当系统中出现大的扰动时,更能体现该控制器的良好性能。     

基于子空间辨识和遗传算法的多回直流协调阻尼控制器设计

提出了一种多回直流协调阻尼控制器的设计方法,用子空间辨识法对系统降阶建模,用遗传算法进行参数寻优,并对时滞系统稳定性进行了评估。首先利用基于Prony分析的主模比指标计算法选择直流控制器的广域输入信号,通过仿真得到扰动下系统输入输出数据,基于数据对系统进行子空间辨识,得到系统开环状态空间方程。其次将控制器加入开环系统得到闭环系统状态空间方程,以多种运行方式下的系统最小阻尼比最大化为优化目标,针对闭环系统状态空间方程,用遗传算法对控制器参数进行协调优化。采用基于自由权矩阵的时滞稳定性判据,分析含有多回直流协调控制器的广域电力系统的时滞稳定性。最后以南方电网为例,对多回直流协调阻尼控制器进行仿真,仿真结果表明,通过该方法所得到的多回直流协调阻尼控制器能够较好地提高电网阻尼水平,并满足时滞系统稳定性的要求。     

基于辨识和留数的发电机广域附加阻尼控制器设计

发电机广域阻尼控制器（Wide-area Power System Stabilizer,WAPSS）采用对区间低频振荡模式具有强可观性的广域区间信息作为反馈信号。广域信息的引入,使得被控对象为高阶复杂电力系统,基于单机无穷大系统的传统PSS设计方法不再适用。提出了一种基于辨识和留数的发电机广域阻尼控制器设计方法,首先利用辨识方法得到被控电力系统的降阶模型,然后根据降阶模型的留数得到发电机广域阻尼控制器的参数,避免了复杂的矩阵方程求解,简化了设计流程。基于该方法设计的WAPSS控制效果在中国南方电网系统得到了仿真验证,仿真结果表明,该方法设计的WAPSS能有效阻尼区间低频振荡,提高系统稳定性。     

交直流互联系统鲁棒自适应直流功率调制

设计了应用于交直流互联电力系统的直流功率调制的非线性鲁棒自适应控制器。该控制器基于驱动各互联区域电网的惯量中心至统一平衡点的设计思想，采用广域测量系统的全局信号，用以阻尼交直流互联系统的区域间功率振荡。采用反步法设计的自适应鲁棒控制规律使控制器对未知参数具有自适应性，对模型误差、扰动和平衡点变化具有较强的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明，与传统的线性直流功率调制控制器相比，该控制器对联络线的功率振荡具有优良的阻尼性能，可显著提高输电极限，而且能很好地适应运行点的变化。     

多馈入HVDC的模糊自适应协调阻尼控制器设计

提出一种基于广域测量系统的多馈入高压直流（HVDC）模糊自适应协调阻尼控制器。该控制器在传统的单输入单输出控制结构基础上增加了一个模糊逻辑单元,自适应地在线调整系统的移相角。同时,增益K与模糊逻辑单元联调,以保证移相环节参数改变后整个控制通道的增益保持不变。利用Prony辨识算法和极点配置法对该阻尼控制器的固定参数进行了整定,并对整定后的参数进行了协调优化。以中国南方电网2007年网络结构为对象,给出了该模糊自适应协调阻尼控制器的设计过程及仿真结果。结果表明：该阻尼控制器能快速、有效地阻尼区域间振荡,提高交流联络线的传输能力,对不同的网络结构具有鲁棒性,可明显改善多馈入HVDc系统的稳定性。     

改进的人工鱼群算法设计次同步阻尼控制器

为了抑制次同步振荡SSO(subsynchronous oscillation),提出了一种改进人工鱼群算法,并基于该算法利用美国电力研究院EPRI(electric power research institute)提出的抑制直流系统次同步振荡的基本原理,设计次同步阻尼控制器。将控制器参数视为自适应参数,以阻尼比为自适应函数,通过改进人工鱼群算法,计算出最优的控制器参数,达到抑制SSO的目的。以2012年四川电网向家坝-上海直流系统的送端交直流混合输电系统为例,验证了该阻尼控制器的有效性。     

Time delay approach for PSS and SSSC based coordinated controller design using hybrid PSO–GSA algorithm

In this work we present a novel approach in order to improve the power system stability, by designing a coordinated structure composed of a power system stabilizer and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC)-based damping controller. In the design approach various time delays and signal transmission delays owing to sensors are included. This is a coordinated design problem which is treated as an optimization problem. A new hybrid particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm (hPSO–GSA) algorithm is used in order to find the controller parameters. The performance of single-machine infinite-bus power system as well as the multi-machine power systems are evaluated by applying the proposed hPSO–GSA based controllers (PSS and damping controller). Various results are shown here with different loading condition and system configuration over a wide range which will prove the robustness and effectiveness of the above design approach. From the results it can be observed that, the proposed hPSO–GSA based controller provides superior damping to the power system oscillation on a wide range of disturbances. Again from the simulation based results it can be concluded that, for a multi-machine power system, the modal oscillation which is very dangerous can be easily damped out with the above proposed approach.     

SVC阻尼控制附加信号选取的探讨

随着电力系统的不断壮大,低频振荡问题日益突出,其中区域间低频振荡更为严重而且较难使用传统方法进行阻尼控制.采用静止无功补偿器SVC附加控制来实现区域间振荡的阻尼控制.通过时域仿真,比较了不同附加输入信号在区域联络线潮流变化情况下的阻尼特性.研究表明,线路电流幅值是其中最为合适的附加控制信号.     

阻尼联络线低频振荡的SVC自适应模糊控制器研究

从暂态能量的角度对区域模式振荡的过程进行分析，提出以降低区域间振荡能量为控制目标的阻尼控制策略，设计出附加在SVC上的自适应模糊控制器，以提高互联系统的动态稳定性水平。该控制方案不需预知系统具体参数，通过对系统运行状态和控制效果进行评判，依据模糊规则自适应地对控制参数进行调节，实现对区域模式振荡的有效抑制。数字仿真表明，该控制器能有效地提高互联系统的动态稳定性水平，对不同的系统运行方式和振荡模式具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Damping forced oscillations in power system via interline power flow controller with additional repetitive control

With the continuous expansion of power systems and the application of power electronic equipment, forced oscillation has become one of the key problems in terms of system safety and stability. In this paper, an interline power flow controller (IPFC) is used as a power suppression carrier and its mechanism is analyzed using the linearized state-space method to improve the system damping ratio. It is shown that although the IPFC can suppress forced oscillation with well-designed parameters, its capability of improving the system damping ratio is limited. Thus, combined with the repetitive control method, an additional repetitive controller (ARC) is proposed to further dampen the forced power oscillation. The ARC control scheme is characterized by outstanding tracking performance to a system steady reference value, and the main IPFC controller with the ARC can provide higher damping, and further reduce the amplitude of oscillations to zero compared with a supplementary damping controller (SDC). Simulation results show that the IPFC with an ARC can not only greatly reduce the oscillation amplitude, but also actively output the compensation power according to the reference value of the ARC tracking system.     

基于振荡能量下降原理的UPFC模糊控制器设计

研究了自适应统一潮流控制器(U PFC)模糊逻辑辅助阻尼控制器的设计方法。从振荡能量函数角度分析了U PFC安装线路的功率振荡特性,提出了以降低振荡能量为控制目标的阻尼控制策略。控制器以U PFC线路的功率为输入信号,通过对系统运行状态和控制效果进行评判,应用模糊规则自适应地调节控制参数,实现对系统功率振荡的有效抑制。控制器设计不需要系统的精确模型和参数。在10机新英格兰测试系统上的仿真研究表明,该控制器控制效果明显优于线性控制器,能有效抑制系统低频振荡,提高电力系统的动态稳定性水平,且具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Design of an ANN tuned adaptive UPFC supplementary damping controller for power system dynamic performance enhancement

A supplementary damping controller for a unified power flow controller (UPFC) is designed for power system dynamic performance enhancement. To maintain a good damping characteristic over a wide range of operating conditions, the gains of the UPFC supplementary damping controller are adapted in real time, based on online measured transmission line loadings (active and reactive power flows). To speed up the online gain adaptation process, an artificial neural network is designed. A major feature for the proposed adaptive UPFC supplementary damping controller is that only physically measurable variables (active and reactive power flows over the transmission line) are employed as inputs to the adaptive controller. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive UPFC supplementary damping controller, computer simulations are performed on a power system subject to a three-phase fault. It is concluded from the simulation results that the proposed adaptive UPFC supplementary damping controller can yield satisfactory dynamic responses over a wide range conditions. The electromechanical mode with an oscillation frequency around 0.78 Hz has been effectively damped by the proposed damping compensators.     

Adaptive fuzzy-logic SVC damping controller using strategy of oscillation energy descent

A novel concept called the bus power oscillation energy function is introduced in this paper. On this basis, a control strategy, the oscillation energy function descent approach, is proposed for developing an efficient static VAR compensator (SVC) supplementary damping controller. Using the strategy, a fuzzy-logic adaptive SVC control scheme is developed. To enhance the performance of the damping controller, an additional fuzzy-logic control unit is introduced to adaptively adjust the control gain factor in real time according to the magnitude of system oscillations at each moment. The adaptive approach overcomes the drawback of fuzzy-logic control schemes with constant gain factor. Simulation results with and without the adaptive control unit on the 10-generator New England systems are reported to show the effect of the adaptive control techniques. The satisfactory performance of the controller validates that the oscillation energy decent control strategy is useful to design FACTS supplementary damping controllers.     

统一潮流控制器的自适应校正稳定控制器设计

在装设了统一潮流控制器(unified power flow controller,UPFC)的弱阻尼连接多机系统中,综合利用全系统的线性化状态方程和传递函数的信息,设计了线性化的UPFC稳定控制器。为使该稳定控制器能在系统大范围内的运行点提供有效阻尼,文中在UPFC稳定控制器中加入一可调的超前(滞后)环节,利用Prony分析在线辨析系统低频振荡特性。利用在线辨析的结果对稳定控制器的可调环节进行微调,使之针对系统具体运行工况进行自适应校正,从而持续工作在最佳状态。最后利用电磁暂态仿真程序对一个装设有UPFC的两区域弱阻尼连接系统进行了仿真计算。仿真结果表明,文中设计的自适应校正UPFC稳定控制器能够明显提高该系统的阻尼水平。     

Performance Evaluation of Power Oscillation Damping Controller—Firefly Algorithm Based Parameter Tuning

This paper presents the performance evaluation of power oscillation damping controller based on firefly algorithm (FA) parameter tuning. The power system stabilizer (PSS), unified power flow controller (UPFC), and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) are tuned with FA by minimizing integral time multiplied by absolute error (ITAE) as an objective function. An integrated multi-stage linear quadratic regulator – power oscillation damping UPFC/SSSC has been proposed with precise tuning of control parameters which results in overall states' oscillation damping as compared to other classical methods. It has been observed that the proposed control structure damps the oscillations adequately and is modular in design methodology. The sample power system comprising six areas has been considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the concept. The software has been developed based on the proposed work by the authors and the MATLAB code has been generated in R2009b version. The states' inter-relation which has been shown with eigenvalues reflects a better regulation and the step response is also validated.