氧化钛乳浊生料釉的研制

利用高岭土、钾长石、石英、烧滑石、石灰石、ZnO、TiO2等常用原料,通过单因素实验法、正交实验法研究了工艺参数和备原料用量对钛乳浊生料釉的影响。实验结果表明,采用适量的CaO、MgO、ZnO等助熔剂和一定量的TiO2作为乳浊剂,通过调整高岭土、钾长石和石英的量,控制适当的SiO2／Al2O3比,在合适的温度下烧成,可以制备出釉面白度高、光泽度高且性能稳定的钛乳浊生料釉。     

卫生陶瓷生料锆乳浊白釉的试制

利用现有的生坯进行生料乳浊釉的试制，同时对影响锆生料乳浊釉浆料性能、乳浊效果、釉面质量、釉面白度等问题作了一定的探讨。     

用于环保陶瓷的低温生料釉的研究

研制了能与以黄河泥沙为主要原料制备的陶瓷节能保温砖坯体相匹配的低温一次烧成生料釉,采用TG-DTA、XRD、SEM等分析了样品性能及微观结构.结果表明最佳配方为B-2-3,其烧成温度为1120℃,釉面硬度为637.3HV,釉层晶相组成为透辉石、钙长石等,乳浊效果好.探讨了影响釉烧成温度的诸因素及釉的乳浊机理.     

利用硼镁石研制釉面砖乳浊生料釉

本文利用硼镁石研制出釉面砖用SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-K2O系乳浊生料釉,并对其生产工艺参数进行了探讨,对其釉面性能及其影响因素进行了初步研究,用这种生科釉代替现在普遍使用的硼锆熔块釉,具有工艺简单,成本低,釉面性能好等优点。     

钛乳浊釉的研制

对釉料常用乳浊剂进行了对比分析。并通过试验，着重对生料钛乳浊釉中的TiO2乳浊机理进行了深入探讨。     

分相乳浊釉的制备

以长石、石英、粘土、烧滑石、轻质碳酸钙、氧化锌、合成磷酸钙、萤石、硅酸锆等为原料,采用正交试验法制备一种在1270℃的温度下烧成的分相乳浊釉。探讨了组成对乳浊釉釉面质量的影响。采用XRD、TEM、显微硬度计以及色度计等测试手段对试样进行测试表征。结果表明,当烧成为1270℃时,其釉面白度、光泽度分别为83.6、103。通过对釉层的物相、显微结构分析可知,所制备的乳浊釉中形成了大量的、液滴大小在0.1~0.2μm、分布均匀的分相结构;同时存在硅酸锆晶体。乳浊釉的显微硬度为848.9 kg/mm~2。     

组成成分对奶黄色釉影响的研究

本实验以镨黄为着色剂,长石质釉为基础釉制备出一种浅黄色釉。该釉是一种生料乳浊釉,可施于建筑卫生陶瓷表面,具有美观、大方、易清洗等特点。实验采用单因素和正交实验相结合的方法,从配方、施釉厚度、烧成制度等方面探讨以获得釉面光亮,烧成范围广、呈色稳定、符合经济效益的乳浊生料釉。实验结果表明,当原料(质量%)为:长石44、石英24、石灰石14、高岭土4、白云石6、氧化锆8,外加镨黄1.5时,浸釉时间为8s,最高烧成温度为1 250℃、保温10min,得到了釉面效果比较理想的乳浊生料釉。     

青釉制备及其影响因素的研究

以钠长石、偏高岭土、方解石、石英粉为釉用原料，氧化铁为着色剂，在高岭土坯体上采用热化学反应法成功制备了青瓷乳浊釉面。研究了Si/Al比、RO/R₂O比、Fe₂O₃加入量、烧结温度对青瓷釉面以及釉面/坯体结构的影响。利用XRD、SEM、EDS、光学显微镜对所制备的青瓷釉面物相组成与显微结构进行了表征。结果表明，当Si/Al比为9.136～10.456、RO/R₂O比为5时，烧结温度1320℃，保温3 h时可制备出光滑无裂纹、具有乳浊性能的青瓷釉面。当Fe₂O₃的加入量为1.0%～1.5%(wt)时，青瓷釉面呈粉青色，随着Fe₂O₃的加入量增加到2.5%～3.5%(wt)时，青瓷釉面逐渐变成豆青色。坯体中的Al³⁺扩渗到釉层中形成钙长石晶须，使青瓷釉面具有乳浊性能。     

新型生料乳浊釉的研制

通过引入合成硼酸锌及活化处理锆英石粉制备了烧成温度低、乳浊度高的生料乳浊釉,并讨论了硼酸锌及锆英石粉活化处理对乳浊釉性能的影响。     

环境友好型高白乳浊釉的研究

以Ca3(PO3)2、滑石、石英及硼熔块为基本组成,研制了无乳浊剂R2O-RO-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5-B2O3体系环境友好型高白乳浊釉。通过X射线衍射及扫描电镜分析,研究了不同B2O3/P2O5质量比和烧成温度对釉面性能及釉的显微结构等的影响,并对磷硼多相乳浊釉的乳浊机理进行了分析。结果表明:在B2O3/P2O5质量比为1/2～2区域,1200℃烧成温度,可以得到白度较高的乳浊釉;B2O3/P2O5质量比不同时,釉熔体产生多次不混溶相,出现微相功能转换,乳浊度也随之改变;B2O3/P2O5质量比为1时,釉中分相小滴相对较多,尺寸与可见光相近,且分散性高,使釉对光的折射与散射能力强,釉面呈现高乳白效果,白度可达87。     

低温快烧自微晶乳浊釉的研究

采用ＳＥＭ、ＥＤＸ、ＸＲＤ等手段,了ＫＮａＯ－ＭｇＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ－Ｂ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系全熔块乳浊釉的形成规律,指出釉层中均匀分布的大量ＭｇＳｉＯ３微晶是釉面乳浊的原因。组成中Ｂ２Ｏ３含量愈高,釉熔体的析晶倾向愈大。少量Ａｌ２Ｏ３则可以降低釉熔体高温粘度,抑制析晶,改善釉面面白我泽度。在釉烧过程中,析晶继续进行,Ｂ２Ｏ３含量的增加使基质釉玻璃的成熟温度降低。设计合理组成有快烧工艺,可得到釉面综合质量良     

TiO2体系对酸性红B的催化超声降解过程的影响

采用处理过的市售的锐钛型和金红石型纳米TiO2作为声催化剂,低功率的超声波作为激发源,研究了纳米TiO2对酸性红B催化超声降解过程的影响.结果表明:锐钛矿纳米TiO2和金红石型纳米TiO2对酸性红B有着不同的超声降解过程.锐钛型纳米TiO2以空穴氧化为主,使酸性红B脱色和降解过程同时进行,而金红石型纳米TiO2则以自由基氧化为主,是先脱色后降解.锐钛型纳米TiO2降解效果明显优于金红石型纳米TiO2.单纯超声照射下酸性红B没有明显的脱色和降解过程发生.因此,锐钛型纳米TiO2催化超声降解有机污染物的方法具有很好的应用前景.     

Reuse of glass waste in the manufacture of ceramic tableware glazes

Today, various studies are carried out to spread the understanding of sustainability. The sustainability of production processes gains importance in corporate areas. In this study, the use of glass waste instead of frit used in glaze compositions in the ceramic industry was evaluated. The chemical and physical properties of glass wastes on samples were examined. The glaze formulations were prepared using 3%, 5%, and 8% by weight of glass waste instead of frit. Glass wastes were added to glaze compositions and 12 different glaze formulation studies were carried out. Transparent, Opaque, and Matte test glazes were prepared with glass waste added glaze formulations, and these glazes were applied to ceramic bodies. SEM (scanning electron microscope) analysis of standard glaze and glass waste added glazes was performed to determine the microstructural and morphological characterizations. Also, surface whiteness, brightness, L*a*b values, glaze flows, harcort test results, and final water absorption values were compared. As a result of the studies, it has been determined that it is appropriate to use 3% glass waste by weight instead of the frit in the production of ceramic tableware.     

纳米粒子/纤维新型功能纤维的制备

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,将制备锐钛矿TiO2纳米无机粒子工艺与纤维化学改性工艺相结合,利用纳米粒子表面的羟基与纤维的活性基团作用而吸附在纤维表面,从而制备出具有光催化抗菌作用的纤维。该纤维织物在较低温度(70℃)下就可制得,结构不受损害,具有广泛的应用前景。     

甲酰胺系钛溶胶性能对TiO2材料微结构的影响

稳定的甲酰胺系溶胶的制备是乳液模板法制备高度有序多孔陶瓷材料的前提和基础。系统考察了水含量rw对甲酰胺系钛溶胶性能的影响,同时研究了溶胶性能对TiO2材料的孔径及比表面积等微观结构的影响。结果发现溶胶的粒径随rw和放置时间的增加而增大,黏度随rw的增大而增大。rw越大,制备出的TiO2材料的比表面积越小,而孔径(约8 nm)并不随rw的变化而变化。该研究为多孔TiO2材料的微结构控制提供了实验基础。     

Evaluation of Properties of Boron-Zirconium Glazes Using Statistical Methods

The authors propose a generalization of compositions and a mathematical estimate of the effect of individual components on properties of opacified boron-zirconium glazes. The equations obtained make it possible to calculate the TCLE, whiteness, luster, and microhardness of glazes based on their compositions, compare properties of known and newly developed glazes, and make assumptions on the mechanism of phase formation processes, which determine the properties of glaze coatings. The mathematical models are based on the effect exercised on glaze properties not by single oxides, but by binary and ternary compounds arising in boron-zirconium coatings.     

白釉还原焰烧成的研究

氧化焰白釉技术已经非常成熟,但对于还原焰来说,单纯通过提高釉中锆的含量,也不一定实现白釉可以完全遮盖住坯体,并呈现较高的白度。所以,研究是否可以通过改变乳浊剂的颗粒粒径来实现白釉的还原焰烧成。乳白釉配方的釉用乳浊剂种类较多,有氧化锡、氧化锌、锆英砂、氧化锆等等。鉴于氧化锆受气氛影响较小,乳浊效果较好,是较稳定的乳浊剂。本次试验选择氧化锆和硅酸锆作为乳浊剂。硅酸锆的粒度不同,可以对釉配方性能产生较大的影响。     

建筑墙面砖金属光泽釉的研制

合理调整配方,用低温快速一次烧成釉面砖工艺,成功研制出金属光泽釉。这种金属光泽釉色调和光泽等外观类似金属。研究表明：这种金属光泽是由釉中的金红石型针状TiO2晶体造成的。     

Development of TiO2 white glazes for ceramic tiles

The objective of this work was the use of titania polymorphs (rutile and anatase) in substitution of zirconia as the main component for producing white opacity in ceramic glazes for tile coatings. Initially, total zirconia (12% mass fraction) was replaced in the standard frit by rutile and by anatase in mass fractions of 5%, 10% and 15%, forming two frit groups processed as ceramic glazes. The glaze color was determined by spectrophotometry and the glaze microstructure by XRD and SEM. The results showed the frit containing 10% anatase formed a totally white glaze presenting excellent coating capacity. The frits containing rutile produced yellow opacity. The results of microscopy and X-rays diffraction revealed that opacity was caused by tiny rutile crystals in the anatase frits and by titanite crystals in the rutile frits.     

Development of sapphirine opaque glazes for ceramic tiles

The purpose of this work is to produce more excellent opaque wall tile glazes by using sapphirine instead of zirconium silicate as an opacifier. In order to achieve it, the chemical compositions were precisely adjusted in the system of SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO-K₂O-Na₂O-B₂O₃. The morphological characteristics of the glaze were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). And the optical properties of the glaze were characterized by a spectrophotometer and a gloss meter. The results reveal that well-shaped crystals of sapphirine (Mg₂Al₄SiO₁₀) with needle-like morphology were formed as only crystal phase. The glaze is provided with better opacity whiteness and gloss compared with commercial zircon-based glass-ceramic glazes, and it is mainly composed of cheap mineral raw materials. Those features make it as an alternative one for improving the properties of conventional opaque ceramic glazes.