Simulation study on distribution of void fraction in copper converter bath

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Coke properties at tuyere level in blast furnace with pulverized coal injection

Coke in the blast furnace experiences great changes in their properties during the blast furnace operation. Pulverized Coal Injection (PCI) into the blast furnace through tuyeres together with oxygen enrichment affect coke properties and blast furnace operation. Using coke sampler at tuyere level, coke samples were collected and analysed at various coal injection rates in the both conventional and co-axial oxygen enrichment. With the help of information obtained from coke sampling experiments, gas permeability resistance index at lower part of blast furnace (LK) and mean size variation of coke were predicted and matched well with the measurements.     

VOLUMETRIC MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENT BETWEEN SLAG AND METAL IN COMBINED BLOWING CONVERTER

The effects of operation parameters of combined blowing converter on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient between slag and steel are studied with a cold model with water simulating steel, oil simulating slag and benzoic acid as the transferred substance between water and oil.The results show that, with lance level of 2.1m and the top blowing rate of 25000Nm^3/h, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient changes most significantly when the bottom blowing rate ranges from 384 to 540Nm^3/h. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient reaches its maximum when the lance level is 2.1m, the top blowing rates is 30000NmS/h, and the bottom blowing rate is 384Nm^3/h with tuyeres located symmetrically at 0.66D of the converter bottom.     

炼镍转炉溅渣护炉的水模试验

利用1/4水力学模型试验研究炼镍转炉溅渣工艺参数对炉衬各部位溅渣量的影响。结果表明:溅渣时间和炉体倾角是影响溅渣总量的显著性因素,且与之成正比关系。溅渣量分布受炉体角度和初始熔池深度影响较大,当炉体角度由-10°增至-30°或初始熔池深度(h/D)由0.078增至0.172时,风口对面的溅渣量比例由80%急剧降为5%左右,风口面和端墙面溅渣量相应增大。溅渣高度随着炉体角度和初始熔池深度增加而降低。溅渣模式分为喷溅、渣涌或两者共存。溅渣过程通过调整炉体倾角,可以实现较大的溅渣总量和均匀的分布。工业溅渣试验验证了水模型的研究结果,风口粘结过多等问题得到了解决。     

Mechanism of zinc damaging to blast furnace tuyere refractory

The phenomena of tuyere upward-warp have been found at No.6 blast furnace in Kunming Steel Company China after its blow-in, which has made a great impact on the practical production of the furnace. Thus, a number of efforts have been made to elucidate the mechanism of this phenomenon. The results of investigation and tests revealed that the enrichment and expansion of zinc in the tuyere bricks is the main factor leading to the tuyere upward-warp. The eroding behavior of zinc is that the inner structure of the tuyere bricks turns from dense to loose with entering, enriching and expanding of zinc, which forms spot-like→stripe-like→ditch-like→vein-like→tumor-like eroding passage. Additionally, it is found that the sequence of deleterious elements entering the tuyere refractory is K, Na, Zn and Pb, respectively. Finally, the phenomena and process of zinc crystallization and growth in the refractory have been clearly observed and recorded during this investigation.     

多孔喷吹钢包内流动和混合过程的数学物理模拟

通过对多孔喷吹钢包内流动和混合过程的数学模拟和物理模拟，考察了六种不同喷吹方式下钢包内的流动及混合特征，提出了能获得以软吹且混合快为目的的喷嘴布置及考虑喷嘴个数影响的混合时间关系式。数学模拟与物理模拟的结果相一致．     

高炉风口材质及其表面强化处理

介绍了高炉风口材质和风口表面强化处理的国内外现状，认为采用高纯度铜制作风口，并对其进行等离子喷涂，多元共渗，堆焊等表面处理，可有效提高风口寿命，如选用合理的表面组合处理工艺，再配合风口结构，冷却强度，操作等方面的处理，风口寿命将大幅度提高。     

Comparison of blast furnace penetration with model studies

A new correlation of the penetration of air into the blast furnace is presented, which agrees with data taken on blast furnaces at Wheeling Steel Corp. Data taken by rodding the tuyeres are examined critically and the variance between the figures at the different tuyeres is discussed.     

高炉风口表面处理工艺的研究和应用

通过分析爆炸焊接工艺特点,研究了爆炸焊接工艺在制造高炉风口生的应用。结果表明,用铜板和耐磨合金板通过爆炸焊接而在的耐磨复合板,具有结合强度高,导热性、耐磨性和可焊性好等特点,用于制作风口工作部位,使用安全、可靠、效果明显优于普通风口,具有良好的推广应用前景。     

Slag Characterization: A Necessary Tool for Modeling and Simulating Refractory Corrosion on a Pilot Scale

The slag in pyrometallurgical operations plays a major role affecting the life of furnace refractory. As such, comprehensive mineralogical and chemical slag examination, physical property determination including the slag melting point or liquidus, and viscosity are necessary for precise understanding of a slag. At the RHI Technology Center Leoben, Austria, the main objective of slag characterization work is to reach a better understanding of refractory corrosion. This corrosion testwork is performed at the laboratory and pilot scale. Typically, corrosion tests are performed in an induction furnace or rotary kiln, with the main purpose being the improved selection of the most suitable refractory products to improve refractory performance in operating metallurgical furnaces. This article focuses on characterization of samples of six non-ferrous, customer-provided slags. This includes slag from a copper Peirce-Smith converter, a short rotary furnace for lead smelting, a titania-processing furnace, and a Ni-Cu top blowing rotary converter (TBRC) plant.     

15 t/h长龄水冷冲天炉的设计改进和生产实践

介绍长龄水冷冲天炉的结构及工作原理,分析风眼漏水和炉体挂渣的原因.根据生产的实际情况,对15t/h长龄水冷冲天炉的结构及工艺参数进行不断改进,解决存在的突出问题,实现了两班制条件下,连续熔化4～6周的长龄要求.     

高炉风口寿命影响因素的分析及一些新建议

先总结了风口破损的4种机理,从风口的铸造和操作方面分析了对风口寿命的影响因素,并提出了一些提高风口寿命的新建议。     

新型复合式高炉风口的研制

介绍了一种新型复合式高炉风口的主要特点、技术要求、制备过程和质量控制。新型复合式高炉风口的应用结果表明,其使用状况明显优于整铸结构型式的风口,表明其制备工艺基本成熟。     

蜗螺风箱炉天炉:圆了均匀送风的梦!--均匀送风冲天炉评述

冲天炉至今仍是铸铁生产最主要的熔炼设备。其均匀送风问题关系到铁水温度的提高,因而从一定意义上来说,冲天的历史就是不断均匀送风的历史。本文评述了均匀送风冲天炉,并蜗螺风箱冲天炉。本炉采用蜗螺形风箱、扩散型进风管、喇叭形风口以及风量分配装置,以使冲天炉匀流小阻、强化燃烧、焦炭燃烧均匀而且充分、高温中心地形成而且居中。     

高炉风口小套表面防护技术的研究进展

首先分析了高炉风口小套的几种主要的失效形式以及常见的失效位置,简要指出目前紫铜风口小套存在的问题.随后系统综述了风口小套(铜材料)表面防护技术的研究现状,重点介绍了共渗、堆焊和喷涂三大工艺的应用进展.归纳总结了各种工艺的技术原理、防护材料选择以及强化机理.通过对比三大工艺的优缺点得出,堆焊工艺能获得与铜基体呈冶金结合的耐磨防护层,最具应用前景.但是目前的研究主要致力于提高铜表面的硬度和耐磨性,而忽略了防护层对导热性的影响.因此,在风口小套表面研发一种与基体呈冶金结合、工作性能优异、对整体导热系数影响小的梯度涂层,是未来风口小套长寿化的重点研究方向.     

紫铜贯流式高炉风口的失效分析

时紫铜贯流式高炉风口的失效进行了分析，结果表明：熔损和磨损是高炉风口损坏的主要方式。     

Blast Furnace Operations With Injected Coal at Weirton

Coal has been used as an auxiliary blast furnace fuel on the Weirton No. 3 blast furnace. Serious tuyere failure problems have been encountered, and they must be overcome before coal injection will receive widespread application. Coal has been injected into the No. 3 blast furnace at rates up to 15% of total fuel requirement. If operating practice differences are neglected, the coal to coke replacement ratio at the 10% coal injection rate was 0.94 and at 15% coal injection rate was 1.19.     

从铸铁件质量所想到的熔炼技术

由几个具体生产实例指出获得优质铸件的铁液要求为：足够高的温度、准确而稳定的化学成分、气体和非金属夹杂物少,等。介绍了提高冲天炉熔炼温度的重要性以及350~550℃热风、2%~4%富氧率送风、冷风优质焦三项提高铁液温度的技术。同时,介绍了感应炉熔炼中平衡温度、沸腾温度、临界温度及过热温度的概念和控制原则,以及冲天炉风口喷吹固体粉料的技术。总结认为：铸铁熔炼中温度虽是核心问题,但不是全部;如果要从根本上提高铸铁件质量,须从＂人＂抓起。     

不锈钢冶炼技术的发展

介绍了不锈钢冶炼技术的发展状况和一些主要精炼工艺，着重论述了应用铬矿熔融还原添加铬、复吹转炉高速脱碳、转炉一真空精炼炉双联脱碳等工艺的特点，以及不锈钢连铸技术的发展简况     

3200m~3高炉喷吹工艺改进

介绍了高炉喷吹系统存在的问题,通过改进喷煤工艺和操作优化,解决了喷吹启动困难问题,减小了喷吹脉动现象,装煤速度快,喷煤保障性高,喷吹能力大,满足了高炉喷煤量的要求。