低碳时代无机膜在环境保护方面的应用与开发

综述了无机膜在膜分离、膜催化反应和洁净燃烧等3个领域的应用与开发,阐述了无机膜在环境保护方面的重要作用,并对低碳时代无机膜的发展进行了展望。     

无机膜催化氧化在环境工程中的进展与应用

介绍了无机膜催化氧化在空气污染控制中的应用;对无机膜材料的种类及制备进行了比较,同时介绍了膜催化技术中催化剂的制备及无机催化膜的应用,以及纳米催化膜的进展,并对无机膜催化氧化在环境工程中的应用进行了展望。     

无机膜气体分离的机理和模型

无机膜在高温高压和苛刻环境下应用所显示的优越性正日益受到人们的重视.阐述了气体在多孔膜、致密膜和固体氧化物膜中的传递机理及其计算模型,并对无机膜发展中存在的问题进行了简要评述.     

无机膜的研究进展及应用

对无机膜的制备方法及当今主要研究领域即膜设计、膜表面改性、膜结构及性能的测试与表征等进行了综合论述,并例举了无机膜在许多领域中的应用。     

无机分离膜的表征与应用

介绍了无机膜的制备方法、分离机理、表征方法、应用和研究现状.重点阐述了无机膜在气液领域的分离机理和分离性能方面的表征.通过对研究现状的总结分析,指出无机膜的应用前景,并展望了今后应当注意的一些方面.     

无机膜与有机膜的材料特点与工艺性能对比分析

概述了无机膜和有机膜的概念类别、制备方法、应用领域、膜性能参数和膜清洗方法,通过对比分析可知,无机膜在装填密度、制作成本及工业化应用等方面有待优化,但在膜耐污能力、运行稳定性和膜再生性能等方面更具技术优势和应用前景.     

纳米材料用于改性水处理中的有机-无机杂化膜的研究进展

通过将亲水性的纳米粒子加入有机高分子膜的制备中得到的有机-无机杂化膜结合了无机膜和有机膜的优点,成为膜技术领域的研究热点之一。在制膜过程中引入的纳米粒子主要包括ZrO_2、TiO_2、Al2O3、SiO_2、石墨烯等,主要通过3种不同方法:无机纳米颗粒可直接加入铸膜液、复合纳米粒子改性、纳米粒子前驱体改性制备有机-无机杂化膜。从理论与应用两个角度对有机-无机杂化膜在提高物理和化学稳定性、分离性能,膜亲水性以及抗污染性能等方面进行了阐述,归纳了有机-无机杂化膜在水处理领域的应用效果以及最新研究进展,并针对杂化膜研究提出了一些建议。     

纳米材料用于改性水处理中的有机-无机杂化膜的研究进展

通过将亲水性的纳米粒子加入有机高分子膜的制备中得到的有机-无机杂化膜结合了无机膜和有机膜的优点,成为膜技术领域的研究热点之一。在制膜过程中引入的纳米粒子主要包括ZrO_2、TiO_2、Al2O3、SiO_2、石墨烯等,主要通过3种不同方法:无机纳米颗粒可直接加入铸膜液、复合纳米粒子改性、纳米粒子前驱体改性制备有机-无机杂化膜。从理论与应用两个角度对有机-无机杂化膜在提高物理和化学稳定性、分离性能,膜亲水性以及抗污染性能等方面进行了阐述,归纳了有机-无机杂化膜在水处理领域的应用效果以及最新研究进展,并针对杂化膜研究提出了一些建议。     

无机分离膜及其在微米与亚微米级固液分离中的应用

无机膜分离装置过滤精度高,操作简便,占地面积小,在稀溶液的澄清过滤中有显著的优势,特别是无机膜优异的材料性能,使其在化学工业、石油化工、环保等行业的应用中具有独特优势。本文介绍了无机分离膜的特点、发展以及应用概况,对无机分离膜在微米及亚微米级固液分离中的应用进行了概述。     

无机膜及无机膜反应器的发展和应用

无机膜具有强度高、孔径容易控制、化学性质稳定、热稳定性好、易再生和不易老化等优点,成为膜技术领域重要研究方向,膜反应器是它的应用之一。综述了无机膜的发展状况,包括无机膜的分类和最新研究,无机膜反应器的特点、类型和它的作用;重点介绍了无机膜的应用和无机膜反应器的分类及应用研究,并提出了实现其工业化的不足。     

含油废水的膜处理技术

膜分离法处理含油污水简单、高效且能耗低 ,合理选择膜和设计膜组件可以提高油脱除率 ,减小膜污染 ,增加处理量 ;油水分离的膜过程机理研究尚不成熟 ,岌待建立相关理论 ;分析了传统的膜分离技术及组件 ,指出双极旋转膜组件能够较好地强化膜过程 ,是一种极具发展潜力的含油污水处理方式。     

改性ZSM-5分子筛膜对二元噻吩类硫化物分离性能

采用二次水热合成法制得ZSM-5分子筛膜,并对其负载金属离子进行改性。XRD、SEM等表征结果表明,所合成的为ZSM-5分子筛膜。所制得的膜经过负载金属离子改性后用于模拟汽油中噻吩类二元硫化物的分离,研究了不同负载离子种类、负载离子浓度和活化温度对二元硫化物竞争吸附的影响,同时还考察了膜的再生效果。实验表明:当银离子浓度为0.2mol/L时硫化物的分离因子最高达到1.7;当活化温度为450℃时ZSM-5分子筛膜的分离性能最好;苯并噻吩对噻吩有较强的竞争吸附影响。从再生性能看,负银ZSM-5分子筛膜的分离性能具有较好的稳定性。     

Ethanol purification using polyamide‐carbon nanotube composite membranes

This work presents synthesis and characterization of polyamide‐carbon nanotube (CNT) composite membranes for purification of ethanol. The solution‐casting method was applied for preparation of nanocomposite membranes. The nanocomposite membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy to ensure the fine dispersion of nanoparticles in polymer matrix. The effect of CNT loading on membrane performance was investigated. The separation performance of synthesized membranes was evaluated in separation of ethanol from ethanol/water mixture using pervaporation. Effect of feed temperature and feed concentration on separation of ethanol was investigated. The results showed that increasing temperature increases flux of ethanol through the membrane, but decreases separation factor. The results also confirmed that the best separation performance can be obtained at CNT loading of 0.5 wt%. Furthermore, a mathematical model was developed to simulate the separation process. The model was based on solving the continuity equation for ethanol in the feed side and membrane. The simulation results were compared with the experimental data and were in good agreement. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:961–968, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Application of Chitosan Membranes in Separation of Heavy Metal Ions

Abstract

The authors present an application of chitosan membranes for the removal of heavy metal ions. Investigations covered membranes produced by phase inversion. Additionally, separation properties of acetylated membranes were tested. Low-viscous chitosan produced by the Sea Fisheries Institute—Poland was used in the experiments. The investigations were carried out for the transition metal ions Cr(VI), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II). A method for metal ions separation by means of chitosan membranes was proposed. The metal ions were complexed in the membrane during ultrafiltration of the solution. The separation ability of the membranes was investigated for individual metal ions and for a mixture. The effect of the pH of the solution on separation properties of membranes was determined. The concentration of metal ions was investigated by the method of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic emission spectrometry. The investigations show the suitability of chitosan membranes produced by the phase inversion method for the removal of metal ions.     

新型复合纳滤膜研究进展

纳滤膜因操作压力低、通量高、具有分离选择性以及运行成本较低等优势引起越来越多的关注,目前已在苦咸水脱盐、污水治理和海水淡化等领域发挥着重要作用。界面聚合作为常见的制备聚酰胺纳滤膜的方法,其聚合反应进程的调控可以有效地调节纳滤膜的微观结构,进而对其分离性能产生重要影响。本文从复合纳滤膜的结构入手,总结了当前常用的提升纳滤膜性能的改性方法,包括优化分离选择层、构建中间层、调整底膜结构三个方面,讨论了界面聚合过程反应单体、添加剂种类、制备条件等对分离层结构和分离性能的影响,并分析了底膜的孔径、孔隙率、亲疏水性等理化性质对复合膜性能的影响以及不同类型中间层的优缺点。在此基础上,总结了当前业界内亟待解决的问题,并对纳滤膜的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

Facile synthesis and exfoliation of micro-sized LDH to fabricate 2D membranes towards Mg/Li separation

Two-dimensional (2D) membranes have demonstrated potential for molecular separation; however, their applicability for Li/Mg ion separation has been restricted by their negatively-charged and easily-swellable properties in water. Moreover, their practical application has been hindered by the challenge of producing significant quantities of single-layer nanosheets. To overcome these challenges, we have developed a scalable method for synthesizing micro-sized nitrate ZnAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) and subsequent exfoliating to yield monolayer nanosheets for the construction of 2D membranes. The sub-nanometer channels of the LDH membrane is positively charged, which prevents the passage of magnesium ions. These channels also impede the flow of magnesium ions that are more difficult to dehydrate. As a result, the LDH membranes exhibit robust lithium–magnesium separation ability, with a separation ratio of 6 (Li/Mg). This work provides a method for producing high-quality LDH nanosheets and validates the enormous potential of LDH membranes in the field of lithium–magnesium separation.     

管式支撑体内表面NaA分子筛膜的合成与表征

采用转动合成方式通过二次生长法在管式α-Al₂O₃支撑体内表面合成了NaA分子筛膜,采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描式电子显微镜（FE-SEM）和渗透汽化分离技术对所合成的膜进行了系统表征。考察了合成釜转速对分子筛膜合成的影响,结果表明合成釜转速的提高有利于分子筛膜合成。在转速为4 r·min^-1时所合成NaA分子筛膜分离因子高达2370,渗透通量1.86 kg·h^-1·m^-2左右（乙醇/相似文献   

Membrane‐based ethylene/ethane separation: The upper bound and beyond

Ethylene/ethane separation via cryogenic distillation is extremely energy‐intensive, and membrane separation may provide an attractive alternative. In this paper, ethylene/ethane separation performance using polymeric membranes is summarized, and an experimental ethylene/ethane polymeric upper bound based on literature data is presented. A theoretical prediction of the ethylene/ethane upper bound is also presented, and shows good agreement with the experimental upper bound. Further, two ways to overcome the ethylene/ethane upper bound, based on increasing the sorption or diffusion selectivity, is also discussed, and a review on advanced membrane types such as facilitated transport membranes, zeolite and metal organic framework based membranes, and carbon molecular sieve membranes is presented. Of these, carbon membranes have shown the potential to surpass the polymeric ethylene/ethane upper bound performance. Furthermore, a convenient, potentially scalable method for tailoring the performance of carbon membranes for ethylene/ethane separation based on tuning the pyrolysis conditions has also been demonstrated. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3475–3489, 2013     

Preparation of porous poly(oxymethylene) membrane with high durability against solvents by a thermally induced phase‐separation method

Porous poly(oxymethylene) membranes were prepared as new solvent‐resistant membranes by a thermally induced phase‐separation method. Porous structures were formed by solid–liquid phase separation (polymer crystallization) rather than liquid–liquid phase separation. The pores existed in the intraspherulitic and interspherulitic regions. The effects of the polymer weight percentage and cooling rate on toluene permeance and solute rejection were investigated. The solvent resistance of the membranes was tested by the immersion of the membranes in organic solvents for 1 month, and high durability against the solvents was confirmed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1993–1999, 2002     

Improvement in polyetherimide gas separation membranes through the incorporation of nanostructured metal complexes

Polyetherimide (PEI) gas separation membranes were tailored, at the molecular scale, by the incorporation of nanostructured metallic complexes into the PEI network. The influence of these additives on the micropore size distributions of the membranes produced and on their performance for oxygen/nitrogen separation was investigated. Changing the metal within the same ligand had a significant influence on the microporosity and gas separation performance of these membranes. Magnesium (II) phathalocyanine (MgPc) in PEI membranes was found to be an excellent additive to increase membrane performance for air separation. The performance of these membranes increases with increasing additive concentrations. Membranes with this additive also exhibit an improved stability as determined through the annealing process. Annealing these membranes caused a slight decrease in their gas permeance and total micropore volume but a significant increase in their gas selectivity. The results show that the properties of the nanophase additive and nanophase-polymer interactions play a pivotal role in stabilizing and determining membrane performance for air separation.