储氢材料

直接关系到燃料电池汽车行走距离的储氢技术，目前的现状不论是采取压缩氢、液体氢还是储氢材料的任何方式，并不是能在容器的容量、重量、能量效率、成本等所有方面都能得到满足。氢是体积非常大的燃料。每单位质量的氢的发热量约是汽油的3倍。     

韩国为“现代”汽车发明锂离子电池

据报道，韩国日前发明一种锂离子电池，它将用于韩国现代公司生产的汽油-电力混合燃料汽车。 韩国知识和经济部长称，政府在该项技术上投资3800万美元，现代公司是韩国最大的汽车制造商，该公司将把这种电池用于公司紧凑型汽车明年销售。     

东岳神舟在车用氢燃料电池离子膜、质子膜制备有重大突破

由于燃料电池汽车,尤其氢燃料电池汽车可以实现零污染排放,驱动系统几乎无噪音,且氢能取之不尽、用之不竭,燃料电池汽车成为近年来汽车企业关注的焦点．为了获得竞争优势,各国纷纷出台政策,加速推进燃料电池关键技术的研发．在我国,燃料电池汽车是“十五”期间全国12个重大研究专项之一．     

燃料电池车及车用燃料电池的发展现状及展望

燃料电池汽车作为一种新能源汽车,经过多年的发展,各个方面均取得了显著的进展。通过对燃料电池、燃料电池汽车发展现状的综述,总结了车用燃料电池(Vehicle Fuel Cell,VFC)的发展现状,以及目前VFC发展过程中所遇到的问题,简要概括了这些问题的研究进展,并对燃料电池汽车未来的发展做出展望。     

我国燃料电池汽车国家标准编制工作启动

我国燃料电池汽车国家标准的编制工作已经在上海启动，包括《燃料电池汽车整车术语》和《燃料电池汽车整车安全要求》的两项基础性标准将于2008年完成。     

同济大学燃料电池氢气提纯通过验收

近日,同济大学汽车学院马建新教授承担的世博专项——化工副产氢规模应用于燃料电池汽车关键技术研究与示范课题通过上海市科委组织的专家验收。 该课题通过对工业副产氢气提纯以及氢气品质分析等相关技术的研究,解决了副产氢气规模应用于燃料电池汽车的关键技术问题。该项目研制的提纯装置所生产的氢气,经过上海世博会燃料电池汽车的实践运行,结果表明可完全满足燃料电池汽车的使用要求。     

汉高和燃料电池汽车一起静音启航

汽车废气排放导致的全球气候变暖和温室效应以及天然石油资源的日渐短缺，是21世纪人类面临的严峻挑战之一。越来越多的汽车厂商承担了对此应付的责任，开始致力于新能源汽车的开发。氢燃料电池汽车（HFCV）就是一个绝佳范本，一方面，氢燃料电池汽车具有零排放的优点，因为只是将氢气转化成水，从而实现了对环境的零排放，无污染；另一方面，从能源角度来看，氢作为可再生资源，具有替代传统燃料的巨大潜力。     

美国科学院能源报告

美国未来的汽车用可替代液体燃料 美国科学研究委员会及美国工程科学院对改用非汽油汽车燃料的技术要求、成本及潜在的优越性进行了研究。该报告还对美国未来的可再生能源发电的现状、前景及障碍进行了评估。     

黑龙江省汽车代用燃料的可行性研究

本文简述了国内、外汽车汽油代用燃料的现状与发展趋势。详细分析了液化石油气（LPG）、天然气（NG）、甲醇及乙醇等燃料的特点、毒性和安全性、使用经济性等。并对我省甲醇生产的情况进行了分析，探讨了甲醇汽油在使用过程中的优、缺点。开展了甲醇汽油发动机台架实验研究，在发动机负荷特性及发动机怠速工况下的排放实验中发现，甲醇汽油的某些性能优于汽油。黑龙江省首选汽车代用燃料应为甲醇汽油。     

基于生命周期的天然气基汽车燃料的分析

以天然气生产压缩天然气、甲醇、二甲醚和柴油4种汽车代用燃料／汽车的生命周期系统为研究对象,通过与汽油／汽车基础链系统生命周期的总成本、能耗水平、排放指标等的对比分析,得出4种汽车代用燃料的排放指标均好于基础链系统,能耗水平均高于基础链系统,且压缩天然气系统以其生命周期内的能耗相对少、总成本相对最低、对生态环境更友好,成为富含天然气地区相当长一段时期内汽车代用燃料的优先选择的结论。本研究为富含天然气地区替代能源政策的制定提供了依据。     

Development of fast fabrication method for cylindrical-shaped grids and mechanical properties of CFRP pressure vessel reinforced with cylindrical-shaped grids

In order to reduce carbon dioxide and air pollution emissions, fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are being developed, and CFRP pressure vessels have been used as the hydrogen storage systems for the FCVs. Since the FCVs are expected to increase driving distances of at least over 500 km, which is similar to those of conventional gasoline-fueled vehicles, the storage pressure of hydrogen must be raised from 35 to 70 MPa. It is important to decrease the amount of carbon fibers in order to reduce the cost and weight of the CFRP pressure vessels. In this study, a fast fabrication method for the cylindrical-shaped grids (CSG) composed of hoop stiffeners and helical stiffeners was developed with a particular mandrel and a 3-axis filament winding apparatus. Then, the CFRP pressure vessel was inserted into the CSG, and burst tests of the CFRP pressure vessels reinforced with and without the CSG were conducted. Moreover, their experimental results were compared with numerical ones obtained by a FEM analysis, and the mechanical properties and the reinforcement effects of the CFRP pressure vessels reinforced with the CSG were investigated.     

基于扩展VIKOR的汽车产品质量经济性评价模型

针对复杂汽车产品质量难以量化及质量排名参差不齐的问题,综合考虑产品质量、售后服务和包含油耗、使用成本的总拥有成本等质量经济性指标,提出基于扩展VIKOR方法的汽车质量经济性综合评价模型,辅助消费者购买决策。由于评价信息多源和指标主观不确定,引入数值型、区间型及语言变量等混合类型指标量化方法;利用粗糙集属性约简删除冗余指标,确定关键影响因素,并计算熵权;通过构建混合指标欧氏距离公式和VIKOR多属性决策,得出基于综合效用值的多属性约束下的满意妥协解。案例分析验证本文模型能在消费者购车时实现智能推荐,对比是否考虑总拥有成本前后的推荐结果,可知：在不考虑使用成本情景下倾向于推荐价格便宜的产品;而在考虑使用成本等隐形损失情景下推荐高性价比的车型,更加符合购车消费者的实际情形。     

Levelized costs of the energy chains of new energy vehicles targeted at carbon neutrality in China

The diffusion of new energy vehicles (NEVs), such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), is critical to the transportation sector’s deep decarbonization. The cost of energy chains is an important factor in the diffusion of NEVs. Although researchers have addressed the technological learning effect of NEVs and the life cycle emissions associated with the diffusion of NEVs, little work has been conducted to analyze the life cycle costs of different energy chains associated with different NEVs in consideration of technological learning potential. Thus, relevant information on investment remains insufficient to promote the deployment of NEVs. This study proposes a systematic framework that includes various (competing or coordinated) energy chains of NEVs formed with different technologies of power generation and transmission, hydrogen production and transportation, power-to-liquid fuel, and fuel transportation. The levelized costs of three typical carbon-neutral energy chains are investigated using the life cycle cost model and considering the technological learning effect. Results show that the current well-to-pump levelized costs of the energy chains in China for BEVs, FCVs, and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) are approximately 3.60, 4.31, and 2.21 yuan/GJ, respectively, and the well-to-wheel levelized costs are 4.50, 6.15, and 7.51 yuan/GJ, respectively. These costs primarily include raw material costs, and they vary greatly for BEVs and FCVs from resource and consumer costs. In consideration of the technological learning effect, the energy chains’ well-to-wheel levelized costs are expected to decrease by 24.82% for BEVs, 27.12% for FCVs, and 19.25% for ICEVs by 2060. This work also summarizes policy recommendations on developing energy chains to promote the diffusion of NEVs in China.     

Membranes fit for a revolution

Within the next few decades we will be driving cars powered by material ‘lumps’ that have no moving parts. Early fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), outriders of the hydrogen economy, are already with us, but only as costly concept prototypes. Affordable family FCVs remain out of reach, largely because a single crucial component at the heart of the ‘alternative engine’ has been exotic, easily damaged and, in common with other fuel cell materials, too expensive. With the emergence of a potential mass market, new answers are needed and it is falling to material scientists to supply them.     

解析GB17930-2016《车用汽油》标准修订内容

GB17930-2016为我国第六阶段车用汽油标准.新标准重新规定了适用范围,增减规范性引用文件中的一些GB和SH标准,修订了芳烃和烯烃含量的仲裁试验方法;增加了第六阶段车用汽油的技术要求,将芳烃(体积分数,下同)由不大于40%降低至不大于35%、ⅥA阶段烯烃由不大于24%分阶段降低至不大于18%、ⅥB阶段降低至不大于15%、苯含量由不大于1.0降低至不大于0.8,将50%蒸发温度由不高于120℃降低至不高于110℃,删除了车用汽油(V)中对硫醇硫的技术要求.一些关键技术指标上已经达到欧洲现阶段或现行车用汽油的质量要求.     

Integrated maintenance and mission planning using remaining useful life information

The modern world requires high reliability and availability with minimum ownership cost for complex industrial systems (high-value assets). Maintenance and mission planning are two major interrelated tasks affecting availability and ownership cost. Both tasks play critical roles in cost savings and effective utilization of the assets, and cannot be performed without taking each other into consideration. Maintenance schedule may make an asset unavailable or too risky to use for a mission. Mission type and duration affect the health of the system, which affects the maintenance schedule. This article presents a mathematical formulation for integrated maintenance and mission planning for a fleet of high-value assets, using their current and forecast health information. An illustrative example for a fleet of unmanned aerial vehicles is demonstrated and evolutionary-based solutions are presented.     

GB 17930-2016与GB 18351-2015标准异同及影响

GB 17930-2016包含国Ⅳ(已废止)、国V和Ⅵ的车用汽油技术要求和试验方法,GB18351-2015包含国Ⅳ(已废止)、国V的车用乙醇汽油(E10)技术要求和试验方法;2个标准(现行有效的技术要求)均按研究法辛烷值分为89号、92号、95号和98号4个牌号,都强调企业有条件生产和销售98号汽油时应符合对应规定的技术要求;GB17930-2016中的国Ⅵ10%馏出温度、苯、芳烃、烯烃等项目质量指标高于GB18351-2015中国V对应项目的质量指标.车用乙醇汽油(E10)燃烧比普通汽油更完全,可降低尾气中的污染物排放.     

Risk analysis of CNG composite pressure vessel via computer-aided method and fractography

As environmental issues threaten the widespread use of fossil fuels, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) vehicles are explored as an alternative to the conventional gasoline powered vehicles. CNG vehicles have to be equipped with safe and reliable storage tanks, such as composite pressure vessels, since the failure of the CNG storage tank can lead to passenger fatalities and injuries. The most probable causes of failure of the CNG vehicles are fire and vessel fracture. In this research, the cause of vessel failure is investigated through formal inspection and engineering test procedures. Specifically, the failure mechanism will be identified by fractography, and the material properties of a reference part will be investigated through the instrumented indentation technique. Moreover, the composite pressure vessel design will be validated using the finite element method.     

从国际技术贸易壁垒的角度看国五汽油标准

2013年我国正式公布了《卤五汽油标准》,美国则修订了燃油标准,欧洲方面的汽油标准已进入欧六时代,世界各国都在加紧制定与燃油相关的技术贸易规则。本文从研究美国、欧盟、日本等国家和地区的汽油相关标准以及技术法规的角度出发,将国五汽油标准置身于国际汽油上下游产业链的国际大环境当中,比较国五汽油标准主要指标与它们之间的类似之处和差距,发现其间的机遇与挑战。     

Variation Of Airflow Pattern Through Dissimilar Valve Lift In A Spark Ignition Engine

Abstract

Bi-fuel conversions are a common alternative fuelling option for mono-fuel gasoline SI vehicles because of the minor vehicle modifications required. In Malaysia, most bi-fuel vehicles are fuelled with compressed natural gas (CNG) and gasoline. However, CNG flame speed is lower than gasoline reducing the power and range of the vehicle when operating on CNG. This situation can be improved by increasing the flame speed via higher swirl generation. A Computational fluid dynamics model is used to analyse swirl generated by dissimilar valve lift (DVL) profiles on the intake valve. A three-dimensional engine simulation shows differences in swirl motion and turbulence between the original symmetric valve lift profile and the DVL. The higher swirl number reduces the turbulence kinetic energy level slightly. The best case profile is selected for further experimental testing.