p型氧化镍薄膜晶体管的微流控法制备研究

可以图形化和沉积同时进行的镀膜技术可有效简化器件制备流程, 从而降低成本。本工作研究了一种新型的图形化沉积镀膜技术-微流控法: 将宽度及间隔均为80 μm、沟槽深度为2 μm左右的PDMS模板与衬底贴合构筑微流通道, 毛细力作用下前驱液可在微流通道内流动, 并在衬底表面形成图形化的液膜, 最后经热处理完成图行化的薄膜沉积。此外, 分析了硝酸镍/2-甲氧基乙醇前驱体的热分解过程和不同温度退火下前驱体粉末的相结构演化规律。最终利用微流控法图形化沉积技术制备了图形化的氧化镍沟道, 并构筑了薄膜晶体管器件。优化后的薄膜晶体管表现出典型的p型特征, 场效应迁移率可达0.8 cm²·V^-1·s^-1。     

Automatic determination of recrystallization parameters based on EBSD mapping

A new automatic algorithm for determining the recrystallization parameters V_V, S_V and <λ> based on EBSD mapping is presented in this paper. The algorithm is validated on aluminium deformed to high strains. The algorithm is also compared with other methods using the exact same sets of samples, and it is found that the present method gives better results for S_V.     

宽温域Mn基反钙钛矿复合磁制冷材料的设计和制备

采用固相合成法高温烧结Mn3SnC和Mn3CuN两种化合物制备出相变温区连续变化的Mn3Sn1-xCuxC1-cNx系列化合物,再将不同相变温区的Mn3Sn1-xCuxC1-xNx化合物进行物理混合制备出反钙钛矿复合磁制冷材料.这种磁制冷材料在室温附近具有"平台"状的磁熵变-温度曲线,与Mn3SnC单体材料相比其磁制冷...     

三元层状碳氮化合物(MAX相)及其衍生二维纳米材料(MXene)研究趋势与展望

近年来, 三元层状碳氮化合物(MAX相)及其衍生二维纳米材料MXene受到了科学界的广泛关注。MAX相的晶体结构由M_n+1X_n结构单元与A元素单原子面交替堆垛排列而成, 兼具金属和陶瓷的诸多优点, 在高温结构材料、摩擦磨损器件、核能结构材料等领域有较大的应用潜力。MAX相的A层原子被刻蚀之后获得成分为M_n+1X_nT_x(T_x为表面基团)的二维纳米材料, 即MXene, 具有丰富的成分组合以及可调谐的物理化学性质, 在储能器件、电磁屏蔽、电子器件等领域表现出良好的应用前景。本文简要介绍近年来国内外MAX相和MXene材料领域在成分与结构、合成方法、性能与应用研究等方面的研究动态, 据此展望未来几年该类新颖材料的发展方向。     

Rotation numbers for quasi-periodically forced monotone circle maps

Rotation numbers have played a central role in the study of (unforced) monotone circle maps. In such a case it is possible to obtain a priori bounds of the form „ - 1/n ≤(1/n)(y_n - y₀) ≤„ + 1/n, where (1/n)(y_n - y₀) is an estimate of the rotation number obtained from an orbit of length n with initial condition y₀, and „ is the true rotation number. This allows rotation numbers to be computed reliably and efficiently. Although Herman has proved that quasi-periodically forced circle maps also possess a well-defined rotation number, independent of initial condition, the analogous bound does not appear to hold. In particular, two of the authors have recently given numerical evidence that there exist quasi-periodically forced circle maps for which y_n - y₀ - „n is not bounded. This renders the estimation of rotation numbers for quasi-periodically forced circle maps much more problematical. In this paper, a new characterization of the rotation number is derived for quasiperiodically forced circle maps based upon integrating iterates of an arbitrary smooth curve. This satisfies analogous bounds to above and permits us to develop improved numerical techniques for computing the rotation number. Additionally, the boundedness of y_n - y₀ - „n is considered. It is shown that if this quantity is bounded (both above and below) for one orbit, then it is bounded for all orbits. Conversely, if for any orbit y_n - y₀ - „n is unbounded either above or below, then there is a residual set of orbits for which y_n - y₀ - „n is unbounded both above and below. In proving these results a min-max characterization of the rotation number is also presented. The performance of an algorithm based on this is evaluated, and on the whole it is found to be inferior to the integral based method.     

锂离子电池负极材料Si@C/SiOx的制备及其电化学性能

硅理论比容量高, 放电平台低, 是商业化锂离子电池石墨负极的替代材料之一, 但是其充放电循环中体积变化大, 容量衰减迅速, 制约了其商业化使用。本研究通过一步法制备了具有核壳结构的硅@碳/硅氧化物(Si@C/SiO_x), 将其作为锂离子电池负极材料。采用SEM、TEM、XRD、XPS等手段对所制备材料的微观形貌、结构以及组分进行了分析, 并对其进行了相关的电化学测试。结果表明, Si@C/SiO_x核壳材料比Si@C核壳材料具备更优良的电化学性能。在200 mA/g电流密度下, 循环45次后, Si@C的容量保持率为60.2%; 而当C/SiO_x作为Si核外壳时, 200 mA/g电流密度下, 循环45次后, Si@C/SiO_x比容量值为787.2 mAh/g, 容量保持率提高到87.3%。这主要是由于C与SiO_x复合后, 外壳的机械强度大于碳壳, 能够较好地缓冲Si体积膨胀产生的巨大应力, 从而保证结构的完整性, 提高了硅基负极材料的商业化应用的可能性。     

碱化插层二维过渡金属碳化物的制备及其对铀酰离子的电化学检测

二维过渡金属碳化物(MXenes)具有良好的电化学性能与辐照稳定性, 其在放射性核素电化学检测领域有潜在应用价值。本研究通过碱活化的方式处理碳化钛型MXene(Ti₃C₂T_x), 随后将钾插层的Ti₃C₂T_x(K-Ti₃C₂T_x)负载到玻碳电极(GCE)上得到K-Ti₃C₂T_x/GCE修饰电极。采用XRD、SEM、XPS等手段分别对Ti₃C₂T_x和K-Ti₃C₂T_x进行分析表征, 并进一步研究了K-Ti₃C₂T_x/GCE对痕量铀酰离子(UO₂²⁺)的电化学检测性能。循环伏安(CV)实验结果表明, 相比于GCE电极, K-Ti₃C₂T_x/GCE修饰电极对UO₂²⁺的电化学响应显著增强。进一步使用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)扫描, 发现pH=4.0时, K-Ti₃C₂T_x/GCE修饰电极对UO₂²⁺在铀浓度0.5~10 mg/L范围内呈现良好的线性检测关系, 本方法的检测限为0.083 mg/L(S/N=3), 稳定性和重复性好。     

CO在U2N3+xOy薄膜表面反应特性研究

采用磁控溅射沉积方法在Si基底表面制备U₂N_3+xO_y薄膜, 采用X光电子能谱(XPS)分析技术观测CO气氛环境下U₂N_3+xO_y薄膜表面腐蚀行为, 以期获得U₂N_3+xO_y薄膜在CO环境下的表面腐蚀机理。结果表明: 超高真空条件下, CO在U₂N_3+xO_y薄膜表面表现为氧化特性; CO在薄膜表面吸附解离生成的C以无定形碳形式聚集在薄膜表面, 深度剖析过程中并未观察到C向U₂N_3+xO_y薄膜内部扩散; 而解离生成的氧在薄膜内扩散并发生氧化反应, 生成高价氧化物或铀氮氧化物和氮。氧化反应生成的氮向薄膜内部扩散, 并在次表面反应生成富氮中间产物。随着CO暴露反应进程的推进, 富氮层逐渐向薄膜内部迁移, 这是导致U4f谱卫星峰变化的主要原因。     

垂直排列ReS2(1-x)Se2x合金纳米片的控制合成及带隙调控

二维过渡金属硫属化合物具有优异的电学和光学特性, 形貌控制及带隙调控对于其在光电子学、光子学、纳米电子学领域中的应用至关重要。研究采用CVD技术在SiO₂/Si衬底上生长了垂直排列ReS₂纳米片材料, 硒化处理后得到ReS_2(1-x)Se_2x合金纳米片, 并研究了硒化温度(700、850 和 920℃)及硒化时间(0.5、1和1.5 h)对ReS_2(1-x)Se_2x合金纳米片形貌及组分的影响。XPS元素定量分析及紫外-可见-近红外吸收光谱研究表明ReS_2(1-x)Se_2x样品中Se含量可以在x=0(纯ReS₂)到x=0.86之间调变, 相应材料的带隙可从1.55 eV (800 nm)调变到1.28 eV (969 nm)。SEM结果显示ReS_2(1-x)Se_2x纳米片的结构受到硒化温度和硒化时间的影响, 硒化温度升高和硒化时间延长会破坏纳米片的垂直结构。上述结果表明本研究成功合成了垂直排列ReS_2(1-x)Se_2x合金纳米片, 该材料在电化学催化、功能电子器件和光电子器件方面具有潜在应用价值。     

α-MoC1–x纳米晶富集碳球修饰隔膜对锂硫电池性能的影响

采用自组装及热处理方法合成α-MoC1-x纳米晶富集的纳米碳球(α-MoC1-x/CNS),并将其涂覆在商用聚丙烯隔膜上,对隔膜实现了界面修饰。电化学性能显示,与普通的聚丙烯隔膜相比,采用修饰的α-MoC1-x/CNS-PP隔膜组装的锂硫电池的循环稳定性和倍率性能均得到明显提升,在0.5C条件下,电池首周放电比容量提升至1129.7 mAh/g,经过100周充放电循环后,电池仍具有855.5 mAh/g的放电比容量,且在此循环过程中,库伦效率始终大于98%。在自放电测试中,电池经过48h静置后的容量损失率仅为7.7%。结合α-MoC1-x/CNS的微观形貌及XPS分析可知,在锂硫电池充放电过程中,α-MoC1-x/CNS修饰层有效地阻挡了多硫化锂向负极侧的扩散迁移,且当α-MoC1-x与多硫离子接触时能产生Mo-S键、硫代和连多硫酸根产物,进一步巩固了活性物质被约束的程度,从而使电池性能得到提升。     

Al、O含量对SiAlCO纤维高温转化为Si(Al)C纤维过程的影响

采用不同Al含量的聚铝碳硅烷(PACS)为先驱体, 通过不同的PACS纤维不熔化方法调节O引入量, 制备了具有不同Al和O含量的连续SiAlCO纤维。研究了SiAlCO纤维经高温处理转变为Si(Al)C纤维过程中, Al、O含量对SiC_xO_y相分解、β-SiC结晶生长和微观形貌的影响。结果表明: 纤维中SiC_xO_y相的分解温度区间为1300~1700℃, 与Al、O含量基本无关; 提高Al含量可减少纤维在高温下表面形成粗大SiC结晶颗粒和相互连通的气孔, 并且对1700℃以上β-SiC结晶生长的抑制作用增强, 有利于烧结致密化; 利用纤维中O元素, 以放出CO或CO₂方式脱除富余C, 但O含量过高导致气体逸出时产生较大孔洞, 不利于烧结致密化。当Al和O含量分别约为0.6wt%和9wt%时, SiAlCO纤维经高温处理后能得到具有较大β-SiC晶粒尺寸的致密化Si(Al)C纤维。     

富锂层状氧化物正极材料研究进展

富锂层状氧化物正极材料(xLi₂MnO₃·(1-x)LiMO₂(M=Ni_yMn_zCo_1-y-z….)理论容量高、价格低廉, 是新一代锂离子电池正极材料的候选之一。本文概述了该正极材料的结构, 分析了其在电化学活化过程与循环过程中结构的演变, 探讨了结构变化对正极材料电化学性能的影响规律, 并概括了目前针对该类正极材料电化学性能提升所开展的离子掺杂和表面改性的研究工作, 展望了未来富锂层状氧化物正极材料的发展方向。     

Na3V2(PO4)2F3@V2O5-x复合材料的制备及储钠性能研究

当前制约钠离子电池发展的主要因素包括较低的能量/功率密度和较差的循环性能, 而在正极材料表面包覆含氧缺陷金属氧化物层, 可以有效提高材料的电子导电率, 保证高振实密度、能量密度和功率密度。本文通过温和的溶剂热反应制备Na₃V₂(PO₄)₂F₃纳米片前驱体并结合高温煅烧合成Na₃V₂(PO₄)₂F₃@V₂O_5-x复合材料。其结构通过XRD、TEM、SEM、XPS和TGA测试进行表征。作为钠离子电池的正极材料, 展现了优异的循环性能和倍率性能。在0.2C倍率下, 首圈放电比容量为123 mAh?g ^-1, 循环140圈后容量保持在109 mAh?g ^-1。当电流密度提高至1C, 首圈放电比容量达到72 mAh?g ^-1, 充放电循环500圈后, 容量保持率高达84%。优异的电化学性能归因于材料表面包覆的具有丰富结构缺陷的无定型层, 有效提高了离子的扩散和电子导电率。此方法将有助于钠离子电池的实际应用。     

The influence of parent population distribution on d2 values

The two measures of dispersion which are used in statistical quality control are ρ, the expected value of the range of samples of a uniform size n, and σ, the standard deviation of the population from which the samples are taken. Conversion of one into the other is facilitated by use of the quantity called d₂ which is taken to be the ratio of ρ to σ. Tables of d₂ versus n are reproduced in all texts on statistical quality control. These tables are predicated upon the parent population being normally distributed, an assumption which may be unjustified in many instances. To understand the consequences of this assumption of normality, a short table of d₂ values based upon five distributions is presented. The five distributions are: normal, uniform, triangular, Erlang ν = 1 (negative exponential), and Erlang ν = 2. The sample size varies from two through 12, plus 15, 20, and 50. It was observed that for many values of n the normal distribution produced the largest value of d₂, while the negative exponential distribution produced the smallest value. Depending upon the intended use, and whether Type I or Type II error is of more concern, one may wish to use d₂ values based upon other than the normal distribution. Some recommendations are made. A derivation of the formula for computing ρ as a function of n which is dependent upon the parent population distribution is given in an appendix.     

A theory of suppressed nitrogen solubility in Fe–Z–N ternary alloy systems in the relatively high range of concentration of Z (Z=Si or C)

It was shown in earlier work that, for the FeZ_zN_x in the relatively low range of z, the solubility pattern of N as a function of temperature T and nitrogen partial pressure p(N₂) can be interpreted in terms of decreased number θ of available interstitial sites for occupation by N atoms per Fe atom in the Fe lattice in proportion to increased z under the assumption of negligible interaction between two interstitial constituents, N and Z (Z=Si or C). In the present work, solubility reduction of N in ternary FeZ_zN_x with increasing z in the relatively high range of z were analysed on the basis of statistical thermodynamics. The present analysis for molten FeSi_zN_x in the relatively high range of z showed that a correction to the θ versus z relation for the relatively high range of z was desirable taking into account overlapping of blocked interstitial sites for occupation of N atoms in order to reproduce the observed equilibrium pressure–temperature–composition (PTC) relation for this system while the interaction between N and Si remains negligible. On the other hand, for the simulation of equilibrium PTC relation for austenitic FeC_zN_x alloy over the entire range of z analysed, significant N–C interaction was important in addition to the blockage effect for the available interstitial sites for occupation of N atoms.     

Al-Mg-Sc-Ti合金中Al3(Scx,Ti1-x)粒子的析出行为

用激冷铸造法制备Al-5.5Mg-0.25Sc-0.04Ti合金,研究了在不同温度退火后其硬度随时间的变化,并用金相显微镜(OM)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了这种合金中Al₃(Sc_x,Ti_1-x)第二相粒子的存在形式和形成机制。结果表明：用急冷铸造法制备的Al-5.5Mg-0.25Sc-0.04Ti铸态合金中Sc和Ti原子主要以固溶的形式存在于α(Al)基体中,在电镜下很难观察到这些粒子。铸态合金在较低温度(低于250℃)下退火时其硬度提高得比较慢,退火较长时间才能出现硬度的峰值;而在比较高的温度(高于350℃)退火硬度提高得非常快,很快出现峰值。但是,硬度出现峰值后继续退火则大幅度降低;在300℃退火硬度的热稳定性比较高。硬度的变化,与次生Al₃(Sc_x,Ti_1-x)粒子的析出密切相关。在较低温度下次生Al₃(Sc_x,Ti_1-x)粒子的析出不充分且粒径较小,对晶界、亚晶界和位错的钉扎作用较弱;而在过高的温度下Al₃(Sc_x,Ti_1-x)粒子发生粗化,使合金的性能降低。     

铁助剂对乙酸自热重整制氢用CoxAl3FeyOm±δ催化剂的影响

生物质转化获得的生物质油可作为重要的制氢原料, 选取生物质油的主要成分乙酸作为模型化合物, 开展了乙酸自热重整催化制氢研究。采用共沉淀法制备了铁促进的类水滑石型钴基催化剂, 用于乙酸自热重整制氢体系, 并利用XRD、H₂-TPR、N₂低温物理吸脱附、TG等表征手段对催化剂进行表征测试。结果表明: 通过共沉淀法获得了以类水滑石结构为前驱体的(Co/Fe)_xAl₂CO₃(OH)_y·zH₂O物相; 该前驱体经焙烧后获得的氧化物, 其主要物相为氧化铝担载的尖晶石结构, 包括CoAl₂O₄、Co₃O₄、Fe₃O₄、FeAl₂O₄等, BJH模型计算显示Co_xAl₃Fe_yO_m±δ催化剂形成了介孔结构, 其中Co_0.45Al₃Fe_0.4O_5.55±δ孔径分布集中在4 nm左右, H₂-TPR及XRD测试显示添加助剂Fe提升了催化剂还原度, 并在还原过程中形成了CoFe合金; 所获催化剂在乙酸自热重整反应中, 氢气产率达到 2.72 mol-H₂/mol-HAc, 并保持稳定。表征结果还显示, 该催化剂在反应中结构稳定, CoFe合金稳定存在, 并未出现积炭, 表明催化剂具有抗氧化、抗积碳的特点。     

Interaction between plasticity and damage in the behaviour of [+φ, −φ]n fibre reinforced composite pipes in biaxial loading (internal pressure and tension)

In this paper, we propose a new model which describes the behaviour of [+φ, −φ]_n composite laminates. Tests were performed on glass-epoxy pipes subjected to biaxial tensile and internal pressure loading. Experiments showed that [+55, −55]_n pipes exhibit varying types of damaged elastoplastic behaviour depending on the stress ratio σ_zz/σ_θθ (axial stress/hoop stress). A plastic model is based on the definition of a yield criterion and an associated flow rule. Damaging occurs when transverse microcracks appear in the layer. A micromechanical model defines the anisotropy of the damage. Interaction between plasticity and damage was of major importance in the definition of damage kinetics. This effect was observed on proportional loadings as well as on sequential tests: a preliminary loading in pure internal pressure (σ_zz=0) induced large plastic phenomena which blocked crack propagation in additional internal pressure with closed ends effect (IPCEF) tests (R=σ_zz/σ_θθ=1/2), even though IPCEF caused considerable damage on an unloaded specimen.     

MXene/铜合金复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用分子级混合方法及SPS烧结技术制备了Ti₃C₂T_x含量分别为5vol%、10vol%和20vol%的Cu/Ti₃C₂T_x复合材料, 研究了Ti₃C₂T_x含量对铜基复合材料的导电性、力学性能及摩擦磨损性能的影响。研究发现: 随Ti₃C₂T_x含量增加, Cu/Ti₃C₂T_x复合材料的相对密度及电导率均持续下降, 拉伸强度则先升高后下降; 当Ti₃C₂T_x含量为5vol%时, Cu/Ti₃C₂T_x复合材料的拉伸强度相比纯铜提高了43%。添加Ti₃C₂T_x可以明显改善Cu/Ti₃C₂T_x复合材料的摩擦磨损性能, 当Ti₃C₂T_x含量为10vol%时, Cu/Ti₃C₂T_x复合材料的磨损率仅为2.55×10^-7 mm³/(N·m), 比纯铜降低了一个数量级。     

The Economic Lot Sizes in Multistage Production Systems

This article develops a model for a single-product multistage production-inventory system with static deterministic demand, where the product moves between the stages in a serial fashion. In this model, it is assumed that the unfilled demand of the finished product is backlogged. Overproduction (with limitation) is allowed at the different stages so that each stage t may produce ki batches once every ki cycles. The decision variables for each stage i are the number of batches per run k_i the batch size Q_i, and the shortage quantity of the finished product Q_s. These are determined by minimizing the total cost per unit time which includes the inventory holding cost, the shortage cost, and the setup cost. The problem is also considered for the case with storage constraints at the different stages.