Development and design of DC‐GIS

In order to realize a reliable, compact, and economical converter station for HVDC transmission, applications of gas insulated switchgear (GIS) for dc transmission lines are considered. The characteristics of dc gas insulation differ from those of ac. The behavior of metallic particles left in the enclosure is one of the largest differences. The accumulation of electrical charges on solid insulators is another essential factor in designing a DC‐GIS. Also, degradation of metal oxide arrester blocks under dc stress must be deliberated. Based on the fundamental studies, we developed the components of ± 500‐kV DC‐GIS. Electrical and mechanical performances of these components have been tested and proven to be satisfactory. Finally these components have been assembled into a full DC‐GIS and subjected to a long‐term voltage endurance test. In this paper, the design philosophy of ± 500‐kV DC‐GIS, details of the components, and the test results are described. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 129(2): 51–61, 1999     

Development of a DC −1 MV insulating transformer for neutral beam injectors

A DC −1 MV insulating transformer has been developed for the power supply of the neutral beam injector (NBI ) at ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) . A DC long‐pulse −1 MV insulation structure between the primary and secondary windings, considering potential variation in the insulator for DC long pulse, has been designed. Simultaneous development of a compound bushing, which consists of an AC 500 kV condenser bushing inside a cylindrical fiber‐reinforced plastic tube, has been carried out. The DC −1 MV insulation design has been verified by high‐voltage insulation tests of AC 50 Hz 1300 kV peak for 1 min, DC −1200 kV for 1 h, and a long‐duration test of DC −1060 kV for 5 h. The results showed that the insulating transformer satisfies the power supply requirements for the ITER NBI . Copyright © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

±1100kV特高压直流换流站过电压保护和绝缘配合

为合理确定±1 100 kV特高压直流换流站的绝缘水平,基于准东—成都±1 100 kV特高压直流输电工程,根据特高压换流站的绝缘配合方法,对准东换流站的绝缘配合进行了研究。根据特高压直流换流站避雷器布置基本原则,并结合现有±800 kV特高压直流换流站的绝缘配合经验,提出了±1 100 kV准东换流站的避雷器布置方案,详细分析了换流站交流侧、阀厅、直流母线和中性母线等不同区域的过电压保护策略,最后根据推荐的设备绝缘裕度确定了换流站设备的绝缘水平,直流侧1 100 kV直流极线的雷电冲击和操作冲击绝缘水平推荐为2 600 kV和2 150 kV;直流极线平波电抗器阀侧设备和高压端Y/Y换流变阀侧设备的绝缘水平建议取为一致,雷电冲击绝缘水平和操作冲击绝缘水平分别为2 500 kV和2 250 kV。研究结果对换流站设备的选型和制造具有重要指导意义,将为该特高压工程建设提供重要依据。     

550kV全封闭组合电器快速暂态过电压影响因素分析

分析了550kV全封闭组合电器(gas insulated switchgear,GIS)中隔离开关(disconnector,DS)操作时产生快速暂态过电压(very fast transient overvoltage,VFTO)的影响因素,提出了抑制GIS系统中VFTO的方法。以董箐水电站为研究背景,根据550kVGIS结构及运行特点,在计算了隔离开关7种操作方式下VFTO的基础上,分析了VFTO对变压器绝缘的危害与对避雷器计数器的影响以及残余电荷电压和合闸电阻对VFTO幅值与频率的影响。针对在建的特高压输变电系统,提出了抑制VFTO的措施,可为特高压GIS设备的生产与运行提供参考。     

GIS技术在500 kV架空输电线路信息化管理中的应用

华东电网500 kV输电线路GIS管理系统以GIS为基础平台,是对华东区域内500 kV交、直流输电线路进行多方位管理的高效工具,其功能主要包括设备管理、运行管理及高级功能管理.该系统的投运为华东电网的运行管理提供了有力的支持和方便的平台.     

挤包绝缘高压直流电缆制造与应用中的径向梯度效应

挤包绝缘高压直流电缆在直流输电工程中应用广泛,但制造与应用中的梯度效应显著影响其直流电气性能.以500 kV交联聚乙烯直流电缆为研究对象,首先,通过仿真计算理想均匀绝缘电缆中的场强分布;然后,计算交联和脱气过程中绝缘层的温度分布,并对电缆绝缘切片取样,测量不同径向位置绝缘的相态结构和直流电气性能;最后,根据实测电导率对...     

500kVGIS隔离开关绝缘拉杆放电故障原因分析

介绍神华河北国华沧东发电有限责任公司500kV变电站系统组合电器绝缘拉杆短路放电状况,根据对故障隔离开关的现场解体检查结果,分析故障原因为：组装时的碰撞与挤压使尖角部位起层,带电后局部放电生成的分解物使内壁绝缘不断下降,最终导致接地短路放电。     

采用补偿电抗器优化的GIS工频耐压试验系统

针对目前地下GIS设备进行工频耐压试验的现状,提出了一种采用补偿电抗器和SF6绝缘技术优化设计的新型且小型化的用于500 kV GIS工频耐压试验及局放测试系统,经试验测试新系统的自身局放只有3.2 pC,并且该系统已应用于某地下GIS变电站的工频耐压试验,实践证明此系统完全满足试验需求,且提高了局放的测试精度.     

直流叠加冲击电压试验回路保护电阻参数选择与外形优化

在最大900 kV直流叠加1800 kV操作或2400 kV雷电冲击电压的试验中,需要设计特殊的电阻元件保护直流电压发生器免受冲击电压的损坏.本文通过仿真计算,对直流叠加冲击电压试验回路中保护电阻的阻值进行了选取,同时基于试验时发生的外绝缘闪络,对电阻丝绕法与电极外形进行了优化,结果表明:保护电阻阻值选择500 kΩ,...     

Development of 72‐kV high‐pressure air‐insulated GIS with vacuum circuit breaker

SF₆ gas has excellent dielectric strength and interruption performance. For these reasons, it has been widely used for gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS). However, use of SF₆ gas has become regulated under agreements set at the 1997 COP3. Thus, investigation and development for GIS with a lower amount of SF₆ gas are being carried out worldwide. Presently, SF₆‐free GIS has been commercialized for the 24‐kV class. Air or N₂ gas is used as the insulation gas for this GIS. On the other hand, SF₆‐free GIS has not been commercialized for the 72‐kV‐class GIS. The dielectric strengths of air and N₂ gas are approximately one‐third that of SF₆ gas. To enhance the insulation performance of air and N₂ we have investigated a hybrid gas insulation system which has the combined features of providing an insulation coating and suitable insulation gas. We have developed the world's first 72‐kV SF₆‐free GIS. This paper deals with key technologies for SF₆‐free GIS, such as the hybrid insulation structure, a bellows for the high‐pressure vacuum circuit breaker, a newly designed disconnector and spacer, and prevention of particle levitation. Test results of the 72‐kV high‐pressure air‐insulated GIS with the vacuum circuit breaker are described. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(4): 13–23, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20451     

云广±800?kV直流输电系统过电压与绝缘配合研究

研究了云南一广东±800kv直流系统交、直流侧以及直流线路的过电压水平和换流站避雷器保护方案：重点分析了孤岛运行过电压,不同平波电抗器布置方式和避雷器方案对过电压的影响以及±800kV直流的绝缘配合方法。推荐两个避雷器配置方案以降低最高电位换流变压器阀侧绝缘水平：建议线路中部10km范围内操作过电压按1．85p.u.标准,10km以外按1．70p.u.标准．通过合理配置,±800kV直流极线侧设备绝缘水平可降低至现有±500kV直流工程极线侧设备绝缘水平线性外推值的75％左右：     

Development of 500 kV DC PPLP-insulated oil-filled submarine cable

This paper outlines the development of a 500 kV DC oil-filled submarine cable capable of transmitting 2800 MW with ±500 kV 2800 A bipole system. Polypropylene laminated paper (PPLP) was employed as the insulation material, which is the world's first application to DC cables. The conductor size is 3000 mm², which is the largest size for submarine cables ever put into practical use. Through various fundamental and prototype tests, the cable proved to have excellent electrical characteristics for DC voltage as well as transient overvoltage. The cable and accessories are undergoing a long-term accelerated aging test as the final confirmation of their reliability and stability     

Insulation resistance under DC stress and electrification characteristics of GIS epoxy insulator

Gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS) has widely been used for AC power distribution because of its high reliability and compactness. Recently, DC GIS has been developed with various investigations for dielectric breakdown characteristics of DC gas insulation. GIS insulation is composed of SF₆ gas and solid spacers, and it has been recognized that the dielectric performance of DC GIS is mainly influenced by solid spacers. Under DC stress, the electric field is directed one way, the effect of electrification for charges to be accumulated in the spacer must be taken into account and also the effect exists in AC GIS because the switching operations may leave the remnant DC charge on the AC GIS spacer. This paper first describes the effective resistivity (the bulk or the surface) of the solid spacer under the DC stress from the experimental investigation, and the critical factor on the solid spacer that causes reduced dielectric performance of the GIS insulation is studied. Second, the present paper deals with the electrification on the GIS with various levels of surface roughness of the epoxy insulator and metallic electrode. Finally, the DC insulation characteristics of GIS insulator are investigated based on the experimental results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(4): 6–13, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20788     

皱纹铝套变形对挤包绝缘直流电缆电场分布的影响

为研究高压直流电缆皱纹铝套受力变形对电缆绝缘结构造成的损伤,以及在运行过程中对电气性能的影响,针对500 kV直流电缆开展绝缘线芯热膨胀测试和皱纹铝套压扁试验,确定皱纹铝套变形在绝缘线芯表面造成的缺陷情况。建立有限元模型,分析绝缘场强分布随温差变化情况,以及皱纹铝套变形导致绝缘线芯表面缺陷后的场强分布情况。仿真结果表明：电缆在负载过程中绝缘场强随着绝缘温差的变化而变化,此外绝缘表面存在缺陷会进一步导致场强畸变,且畸变程度与外加电压和绝缘温差有关。     

皱纹铝套变形对挤包绝缘直流电缆电场分布的影响

为研究高压直流电缆皱纹铝套受力变形对电缆绝缘结构造成的损伤,以及在运行过程中对电气性能的影响,针对500 kV直流电缆开展绝缘线芯热膨胀测试和皱纹铝套压扁试验,确定皱纹铝套变形在绝缘线芯表面造成的缺陷情况。建立有限元模型,分析绝缘场强分布随温差变化情况,以及皱纹铝套变形导致绝缘线芯表面缺陷后的场强分布情况。仿真结果表明：电缆在负载过程中绝缘场强随着绝缘温差的变化而变化,此外绝缘表面存在缺陷会进一步导致场强畸变,且畸变程度与外加电压和绝缘温差有关。     

800 kV GIS开关设备的技术引进与研发

在引进消化日本AE-POWER公司800kV GIS设备技术的同时，新东北电气（沈阳）高压开关有限公司和韩国晓星公司组成联合体，共同为750kV榆变电示范工程制造的800kV GIS目前已正式运行。文章介绍了该工程所用800kV GIS的基本结构、技术规范以及布置方案的选取。使用多种计算分析方法，如母线绝缘结构计算分析、断路器电场分析、断路器开断小电流后断口间介质恢复特性分析和绝缘件机械应力分析等验证了800kV GIS的可靠性。并对800kV GIS的主要特点进行了总结。     

1．5kV直流电缆在线监测系统研制

设计了一套应用于1．5 kV直流电缆的绝缘在线监测系统,详细阐述了其工作原理、硬件组成及软件设计方案。该系统通过监测直流电缆局部放电和泄漏电流,来综合评估直流电缆绝缘状况。现场运行结果表明,该系统稳定、可靠,能够准确评估直流电缆绝缘状况。     

Space charge behavior in full-size 250 kV DC XLPE cables

The space charge in full size 250 kV HVDC power cables was measured using the pulse-electroacoustic method. Measurements of two types of newly developed DC XLPE cables with 20 mm insulation were taken under a DC voltage of 500 kV with the conductor temperature at room temperature and at 85°C. A qualitative analysis of the space-charge distribution and a quantitative analysis of the electric fields in the vicinity of semicon interfaces were conducted. It was shown that the field in the vicinity of the inner semicon tends to increase by 10-40% when the polarity of the applied voltage was reversed, in the case when the conductor was kept at 85°C. However, the distortion of the electric field was significantly less than that expected in conventional XLPE cables. As the result, the subjected DC cables are considered to have stable DC characteristics from the viewpoint of space charge-behavior     

±500kV等级3200MW直流运行电压优化

为节约输电线路走廊,我国建设的中短距离(800～1 300 km)范围内的直流输电工程常常采用双用回±500 kV直流同塔并架输电方式,并且单回输电容最从3 000MW提高到了3 200 MW,相应带来了损耗增加、换流阀的设计难度提高等问题.基于溪洛渡右岸送电广东直流工程实例,对3200 MW容量直流输电工程的电压等级...     

500kV变电站开关无故障跳闸事故分析

介绍了500kV聊城变电站3次无故障跳闸事故的相关情况,通过分析监控系统SOE（Sequence of Events）及保护报文,进行现场绝缘检查、直流控制系统注入交流试验、控制系统分布电容参数测试及操作箱出口继电器动作参数测试,得出事故原因：因交流电源回路与直流电源回路之间绝缘不良。引起交流窜入直流电源回路．瞬间过高电压造成保护出口继电器的抖动,从而产生无故障跳闸事故。最后。提出了提高开关操作箱出口继电器的动作功率,降低跳闸回路分布电容数值等事故预防措施。