用于精密模压的低熔点玻璃

光学玻璃直接模压成型技术带动了低熔点光学玻璃的发展。模压成型技术对所使用的光学玻璃材料提出了有别于传统光学玻璃的要求,要求开发出转变温度Tg低的环保型低熔点光学玻璃。分析了对低熔点玻璃的要求,介绍和对比各材料厂家最新的低熔点玻璃材料进展情况,并对用于精密模压的低熔点玻璃未来的发展方向作了展望。     

Synthesis and characterization of a titanium phosphate-tellurite glass for Faraday rotators

This work is focused on investigation of thermal, structural, optical, magnetic, and magneto-optical properties of novel titanium phosphate-tellurite glass applied as Faraday rotators. The glass belonging to the system 35Li₂O–10Al₂O₃–5TiO₂–45P₂O₅–5TeO₂ was prepared by a nonconventional wet route of raw materials processing, followed by melting-quenching-annealing steps. Some important physical properties of the investigated glass have been measured and calculated, providing knowledge related to glass compactness, electronic structure, glass forming capability, etc. XRD analysis evidenced an amorphous network structure of the investigated glass. The optical absorption in the Vis domain is mainly due to Ti³⁺ ions and Te₂ clusters formed during the glass melting process. A relatively low optical absorption is noticed over 600 nm that activates a significant Faraday magneto-optical effect. Photoluminescence bands in the blue, red, and infrared domains are observed, caused by Te₂ clusters formed during the glass melting process. The magnetization in dependency on applied magnetic field reveals a complex behavior of the glass, depending on temperature. Thus, it is found a ferromagnetic behavior up to 2000 Oe, a paramagnetic component up to 40 000 Oe, followed by a diamagnetic one over 40 000 Oe. Faraday rotation angle and Verdet constant values in the visible domain are correlated with the reduced TeO₂ content of the glass.     

硼酸盐低温玻璃的研究进展

介绍了硼酸盐低温玻璃结构和性质，概括了硼酸盐低温玻璃在封接领域、涂料领域以及低温金属珐琅制备中的应用。低温玻璃的表征方法主要有：软化温度、线膨胀系数、化学稳定性等。总结了硼酸盐低温玻璃的研究进展。说明了硼酸盐低温玻璃适用于上述的领域，最后提出了硼酸盐低温玻璃发展前景和有待深入研究的问题。     

Synthesis and characterization of hydrophilic nanocomposite coating on glass substrate

Hydrophilic coatings based on 3‐glicidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane (GPTMS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were prepared with the incorporation of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and silica nanoparticle colloidal suspension by a sol–gel process. Characterization of the coatings has been performed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared (ATR‐IR) techniques. Morphological properties were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The distribution of Si atoms in the hybrid system was obtained by Si mapping. The particle size in sol solution of the coating was measured by light scattering analyzer. Optical properties were characterized by using UV–vis spectrophotometer. The hydrophilicity of the coating was determined by contact angle measurements, and also the results have been confirmed by surface energy and water uptake investigations. The obtained results indicate that the surfactants affected the contact angles remarkably but did not change the transparency. It has been found that applying silica nano particles leads to coatings with different properties than those using TMOS, while siloxane contents were the same in these two set of coatings. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5322–5329, 2006     

A novel chalcohalide fiber with high nonlinearity and low material zero-dispersion via extrusion

High nonlinear fibers with low zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW), high laser power tolerance and large band-gap are urgent for all-optical-band supercontinuum (SC) generations. Widely used chalcogenide fibers usually have a large ZDW and low laser power tolerance, and thus are not ideal for such purpose. Here, an ultra-low material ZDW chalcohalide (ChH) glass fiber with high nonlinearity as well as high laser power tolerance has been fabricated successfully via a novel peeling-off-extrusion method. The step-index fiber has double-cladding structure, the inner cladding is GeGaSe-CsI glass and the outer one is GeSbS jacket. The core glass has an ultra-low material ZDW of 3.5 μm and large absorption edge of 2.0 eV. The nonlinear refractive index is 6.67 × 10⁻¹⁸ m²/W @1.55 μm. Broadband SC generation covering 1.05-13.0 μm is demonstrated in this novel ChH fiber. Such glass fiber with high nonlinearity, wide transparent range, low ZDW and high laser damage threshold is promising for the applications in the mid-infrared.     

Synthesis of ultrafine diamonds from alloys of TNT with polycyclic nitramines

The synthesis of ultrafine diamonds from alloys of TNT with new polycyclic nitramines was studied experimentally. The use of nitramines with an oxygen balance smaller than that of RDX increases the yield of ultrafine diamonds. An increase in the particle size of the sensitizer in the TNT alloys was shown to result in a higher yield of diamonds. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 131–134, July–August, 2006.     

Synthesis of bulk silicon oxynitride glass through nitridation of SiO2 aerogels and determination of Tg

The development of transparent glass for use in high-temperature applications is continuing. In this study, we synthesized bulk silicon oxynitride glasses (a-Si(O,N)_x) through the nitridation of SiO₂ aerogels containing methyl (CH₃-) groups and evaluated their bulk properties, including their glass transition temperature (T_g). Tetramethyl orthosilicate and methyltrimethoxysilane were added into the precursor gels, and those gels were subjected to a supercritical CO₂ drying process. The presence of CH₃-group in the gel avoided cracking during ammonolysis at 750°C–1400°C, and the transparency of the gel was remained even after ammonolysis at 1300°C. The ammonolysis successfully introduced nitrogen into the gels even at relatively low temperatures, for example, 750°C, and the highest nitrogen content (11.7 mass%) was achieved in the gel after ammonolysis at 1300°C. As the nitrogen-related signals in electron spectroscopy indicated presence of nitride ions (N³⁻) after ammonolysis and the infrared absorption signals attributed to Si–N bonds were enhanced with the increase of nitrogen concentration, we successfully obtained oxynitride glasses. Those oxynitride glasses showed increase of T_g with their nitrogen concentration.     

Synthesis,processing and characterization of a bioactive glass composition for bone regeneration

This paper reports on the experimental evaluation of a novel melt-quenched glass belonging to the CaO–MgO–SiO₂–P₂O₅–Na₂O–CaF₂ system as potential material for biomedical applications in bone regeneration. The glass composition has been designed in the primary crystallisation field of pseudo-wollastonite in CaO–MgO–SiO₂ ternary phase diagram. The rise of pH upon immersion in SBF solution was slower for the novel glass in comparison to 45S5 Bioglass^®. Nevertheless, both glasses exhibited similar behaviour in early formation of crystalline apatite demonstrating their osteoinductive features. The in vivo investigations in rabbits demonstrated good compatibility between the glass and surrounding tissue along the whole implantation period with negligible adverse reactions. The clinical evaluation of glass has been conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines and regulations.     

利用粉煤灰低温熔制基础玻璃的研究

以粉煤灰为主要原材料,添加适当的工业级硼酸、石灰石、氧化锌、氧化镁、二氧化硅、碳酸钠作为辅助材料,选择铝硅酸盐系统作为配方,制备基础玻璃。通过DTA和TEM研究不同配比的基础玻璃配方表明,最合理基础玻璃在1 200℃熔制是可行的,粉煤灰的利用率达到了30%以上,最适宜的玻璃组成是(%):S iO245~60,A l2O39~15,CaO 12~20,MgO 2~5,Na2O 3~11,ZnO 2~5,S 0~1,B2O30.5~1.5,F 0~2.5。     

High Tg and tough poly(butylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate)s: Synthesis and characterization

The purpose of this study was to enhance the glass-transition temperature of poly(butylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PBTF). A series of poly(butylene-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate)s (PBCTFs) were synthesized from 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), and 1,4-butanediol. CHDM can increase the chain rigidity and lead the β relaxation temperature shift to lower temperature. Consequently, PBCTFs showed not only the high glass-transition temperature, but also high elongations at break. PBTF was a crystalline polyester. However, differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction results suggested PBCTFs were amorphous polyesters. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated the thermal stability of copolyesters was gradually enhanced with increasing the CHDM content. When the CHDM content was 95 mol %, PBCTF95 exhibited high glass-transition temperature (69.2 °C), tensile strength (44.4 MPa), and elongation at break (205%). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48634.     

ATM系列PVC高效加工助剂

介绍了大连天元精细化工有限公司研发的一种专利产品——超低玻璃化温度弹性体复合改性PVC高效加工助剂ATM,比较了ATM和ACR的加工性能和产品力学性能。结果表明,ATM系列产品与PVC相容性优异,加工性能极佳,适合PVC制品的高速挤出,能改善制品的白度和表面光洁度,抗老化性显著,综合力学性能优异。显微分析得知,ATM与传统ACR在结构上为同质异构核壳结构,但性价比占有明显优势。     

Synthesis, characterization and microbiological response of silver doped bioactive glass nanoparticles

Glass nanoparticles containing 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt% of Ag₂O (coded; GAg1%, GAg3%, GAg5%, and GAg10%, respectively) were synthesized through a quick alkali mediated sol-gel method and were characterized by TEM, XRF, FT-IR, XRD, TGA, and DSC. Thermal analysis showed that all organic and inorganic by-products were completely decomposed before 700 °C and, hence, all glass samples were stabilized at this temperature. XRD confirmed the amorphous nature of all glasses after stabilization. TEM micrographs showed that the average particle sizes of all samples were less than 100 nm in diameter and the XRF showed that the compositions of the obtained glasses were almost consistent with the designed ones. The samples GAg1%, GAg3%, GAg5%, and GAg10%, showed average pore diameters of 19.85, 18.22, 13.32, and 19.62 nm and specific surface areas of 73.18, 100.38, 192.6, and 55.7 m²/g, respectively. In addition, their porosity% was 76.53, 83.20, 77.97, and 79.61%, respectively. The FT-IR spectra of all glasses showed bands located in the range of 1000-1200, 725-800, and 450-480 cm⁻¹ that correspond to the Si-O-Si asymmetric stretching vibration, the Si-O-Si symmetric stretching vibration, and the Si-O-Si bending mode, respectively. Finally, all samples had an anti-bacterial effect against different types of bacteria and the extraction of silver ions from them followed a diffusion-controlled mechanism, which could demonstrate their ability to treat bone infection.     

The unidirectional glass fiber reinforced furfuryl alcohol for pultrusion. II. Correlation of processing parameters for optimizing the process

Unidirectional glass fiber reinforced furfuryl alcohol (FA) composites have been prepared by the pultrusion processes. The optimum processing parameters of the glass fiber reinforced FA composites by pultrusion has been studied. The effects of the optimum processing parameters on the properties (flexural strength, flexural modulus, notched Izod impact strength, glass transition temperature (T_g), dynamic shear storage modulus (E'), shrinkage ratio, and roughness) investigated including die temperature, pulling rate, postcure temperature and time, and filler type and content. Results show that the pultruded composites possessed various optimum pulling rates at different die temperatures. On the basis of the DSC diagram, the swelling ratio and the mechanical properties of pultruded composites, the optimum die temperature can be determined. The mechanical properties and T_g increase at a suitable postcure temperature and time. Furthermore, the properties which decrease due to the degradation of pultruded composites for a long postcure time will be discussed. The mechanical properties of pultruded composites reach a maximum value at various filler content corresponding to the talc and calcium carbonate, respectively, and then decreased. When the fillers are added to the pultruded glass fiber reinforced FA composites, the shrinkage ratio of composites become smaller, and the surface of composites became smooth. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Dynamic and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Some Specialty Fluoroelastomers for Low Tg Seal Materials

The viscoelastic behaviour of three different low Tg fluoroelastomer materials belonging to the class of Fluorosilicones (FVMQ), Perfluoropolyether-hydrosilanes (Sifel™) and Perfluoropolyether-polyurethanes (FEU) was investigated. Materials considered were high hardness rubbers and were characterized by dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA), and swelling tests in Fuel C and other solvent mixtures. DMA spectra in dynamic scan allowed the determination of Tg and other minor intensity relaxation phenomena. Thermo-mechanical analysis was used to measure the thermal expansion coefficient α _L and the low temperature retraction curve R _e(T) in creep and recovery experiments with different test conditions. Highly diversified behaviours were observed, apparently related to polymer Tg and damping in the rubbery plateau. Swelling measurements showed a better performance for the two perfluoropolyether samples than for fluorosilicones.     

低黏吸附型酸化缓速剂的合成及性能评价

为改善深度酸化效果,降低储层二次伤害风险,合成了一种低黏吸附型酸化缓速剂。采用AM、非离子型表面活性剂（FLZ-1）、C-18、SSS 4种单体,通过自由基水溶液聚合得到一种低黏且具有吸附作用的酸化缓速剂。通过单因素法筛选出最佳的合成条件,利用傅里叶红外光谱仪和核磁共振波谱仪对产物的结构进行表征,结果与设计的结构相符。通过考察酸化缓速剂添加量对缓速酸性能的影响,结果表明当缓速剂添加量质量分数为0.7%时,缓速效果较好且具有较低的表观黏度（10mPa·s以下）,有利于酸液的注入与返排。并在75℃下对缓速剂与其他酸液常用助剂的配伍性进行评价,结果显示配伍性良好,且各种助剂之间不影响各自的使用效果。排水采气、X射线光电子能谱和扫描电镜的结果表明,缓速剂在酸岩反应的过程中在岩石表面发生了吸附。     

玻璃深加工的市场观察及其发展分析

近几年,我国固定资产投资高速增长,工业化、城镇化进程加快,特别是房地产业规模的扩大,极大地拉动了玻璃产品的需求。针对玻璃深加工技术的发展空间,介绍了玻璃深加工技术的新品种,阐述了玻璃深加工产业的发展特点,分析了推动深加工玻璃快速发展的因素,同时指出了深加工玻璃的发展趋势。     

Synthesis of colloidal nanosilica from waste glass powder as a low cost precursor

Waste glass powder was used as a low cost precursor for production of colloidal nanosilica for the first time. The process includes production of wet silica gel and thermal peptization of the wet gel. Purification of the glass powder and wet gel production were initiated by acid washing. The obtained powder was reacted with sodium hydroxide to produce wet silica gel. Type of the applied acid was examined in one factor at a time route. Temperature of the alkaline step and concentrations of the applied acid and base were investigated using Taguchi design of experiments. After finding the best combination of the investigated factor levels in production of the wet gel, time of the stabilization in thermal peptization was studied. Characterizations of the wet gel and colloidal silica were performed by XRF, DLS, FESEM, TEM, FTIR and N₂ sorption evaluation. Accordingly pure and stable colloidal nanosilica (98.50%) with average particle size of 21.9?nm was produced from the glass powder successfully. Specific surface area of the dried porous optimum sample was 83.63?m²/g.     

Synthesis of vanadium carbide nanopowders by thermal processing and their characterization

Vanadium carbide (V₈C₇) nanopowders were successfully prepared by thermal processing the precursor which originated from the mixture of ammonium vanadate (NH₄VO₃) and nanometer carbon black. The products were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. The single phase V₈C₇ powders can be prepared at ∼ 1100 °C for 1 h with the average crystallite size of 32.6 nm and the powders show good dispersion and are mainly composed of uniformly-sized spherical particles with a mean diameter of ∼ 100 nm.     

Microscopy of the morphology in low styrene emission glass fiber/unsaturated polyester laminates

Low styrene emission (LSE) unsaturated polyester resins are of interest in the context of increasing environmental concerns in the society. LSE resins have been developed to decrease styrene emission during the processing of composites based on unsaturated polyesters. In this article we applied a microscopy methodology to study morphology effects in laminates based on LSE polyesters. The study connects to the longer term objective to improve the understanding of how additives reduce styrene emission without imparting delamination resistance in composite laminates based on LSE polyesters. The major morphology differences between laminates made from different polyesters are discussed, including birefringent layers present as an interphase between different layers. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 1555–1562, 1999     

中空玻璃用低水蒸气渗透率有机硅密封胶的研制

以α，ω-二羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷为基胶，配合自制的改性石油树脂及碳酸钙等填料、复合固化剂，制得专用于中空玻璃粘接密封的低水蒸气渗透率有机硅密封胶；研究了改性石油树脂对产品性能的影响。结果表明，100份密封胶中，改性石油树脂的最佳用量为20份，A、B组分的质量比为11～13：1；该密封胶的水蒸气渗透率为1．8g／m^2．d，硫化后的邵尔A硬度为42度，拉伸粘接强度1．04MPa，粘接破坏面积0：70℃下加速贮存168h后性能没有变化，常态下的贮存期为9个月。