Intercomparison of two K-schemes: Local versus non-local in calculating concentrations of pollutants in chemical and air-quality models

In this paper, we studied the performance of a local and non-local scheme for vertical diffusion in the atmospheric boundary layer and their impact on the concentration of pollutants calculated with chemical and air-quality models. In the local diffusion scheme, the vertical eddy-diffusivity is determined independently at each point based on local vertical gradients of wind and potential temperature. The non-local scheme determines an eddy-diffusivity profile based on a diagnosed boundary layer height and a turbulent vertical scale. Depending on the boundary layer stability regime, a modification was introduced into the non-local scheme to facilitate different values of the parameter in the equation for eddy-diffusivity. To examine the performance of the schemes, simulated and measured concentrations of a pollutant (NO₂), believed to be one of the most affected ones by the processes in the atmospheric boundary layer, were compared for the years 1999, 2001 and 2002. The comparison was made for the whole domain used in simulations performed by the chemical EMEP Unified model (version UNI-ACID, rv2.0) where schemes were incorporated.     

Temporal separation and self-rating of alertness as indicators of driver fatigue in commercial motor vehicle operators

This on-road field investigation employed, for the first time, a completely automated trigger-based data collection system capable of evaluating driver performance in an extended-duration real-world commercial motor vehicle environment. The study examined the use of self-assessment of fatigue (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) and temporal separation (minimum time to collision, minimum headway, and mean headway) as indicators of driver fatigue. Without exception, the correlation analyses for both the self-rating of alertness and temporal separation yielded models low in associative ability; neither metric was found to be a valid indicator of driver fatigue. In addition, based upon the data collected for this research, preliminary evidence suggests that driver fatigue onset within a real-world driving environment does not appear to follow the standard progression of events associated with the onset of fatigue within a simulated driving environment. Application of this research includes the development of an on-board driver performance/fatigue monitoring system that could potentially assist drivers in identifying the onset of fatigue.     

轮毂电机驱动电动汽车各轮毂电机扭矩分配算法的仿真和评价

为精确控制轮毂电机驱动电动汽车各轮毂电机的扭矩,获得更好的车辆动力学控制性能,利用Matlab／Simulink对再分配伪逆算法（Redistributed Pseudo—Inverse algorithm,RPI）、层叠广义逆法（Cascading Generalized Inverse algorithm,CGI）和加权最小二乘法（Weighted Least-Squares algorithm,WLS）进行数值仿真,对这3种算法从计算速度、迭代次数和计算精度等方面进行对比分析与评价,结果表明WLS综合性能最优．     

茶叶光谱与叶绿素、茶氨酸、茶多酚含量关系分析

利用茶叶反射光谱数据分析茶叶中有机物组分的含量,能够快速、无损地进行茶叶品质鉴定。选择浙江省丽水市松阳县和绍兴市越城区的4个茶叶品种的新叶、成熟叶和老叶的样本,进行了光谱测量和3种有机物组分(叶绿素、茶氨酸和茶多酚)的含量检测。然后利用最佳指数法选出了估算这3种有机物的最佳波段,建立了估算3种有机物含量的多元回归线性模型。最后,比较了多元散射校正变换、标准归一化变换、结合Savitzky-Golay滤波的一阶导数变换这3种不同的光谱数据预处理方法的估算结果的差异,并分析了敏感波段的产生原因。研究结果表明:利用茶叶光谱估算叶绿素含量的效果最好,模拟值与实测值之间R~2大于0.9;估算茶氨酸的效果次之,模拟值与实测值之间R~2约为0.7;估算茶多酚的效果最差,模拟值与实测值之间R~2仅为0.65左右。     

Associations between cycling skill,general motor competence and body mass index in 9-year-old children

Learning to ride a bicycle is an important milestone in a child's life. Unfortunately, young traffic casualties remain overrepresented in traffic reports, with single-bicycle crashes as principal cause in children. This correlational, cross-sectional study focuses on the association between cycling skills and two intrinsic characteristics: general motor competence and body mass index (BMI). Therefore, general motor competence, BMI and practical cycling competence were measured in 9-year-old children (n = 40). Significant correlations were found between cycling skills and general motor competence (r = 0.434, p ≤ 0.01), and between cycling skills and BMI (r = ? 0.400, p ≤ 0.05). A multiple regression analysis revealed that children's general motor quotient and BMI together predicted 19% of cycling skill score. These findings indicate that general motor competence and bicycle skills are not independent of each other stressing the importance of young children's characteristics when actively participating in traffic. In addition, BMI might be negatively associated with the development of cycling skills in children.     

Relationship between tau,neuroinflammation and atrophy in Alzheimer's disease: The NIMROD study

In addition to beta-amyloid accumulation, misfolded tau and activated microglia are also present in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is important to study the relationship amongst these pathologies in vivo and their effects on the cognitive deficits for developing effective trails and future therapeutic or preventive strategies for AD. To investigate the relationships amongst different pathologies in AD, in particular how they interact resulting in cognitive impairments, we conducted a study of sixty-six subjects (15 AD, 24 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and 27 similarly aged healthy controls), who underwent standardised clinical and neuropsychological assessments followed by dynamic PET using [¹⁸F]AV1451 (tau) and [¹¹C]PK11195 (activated microglia) and multimodal 3T MRI. MCI patients also underwent [¹¹C]PIB (beta-amyloid) PET. We compared regional PET binding and grey matter atrophy amongst AD, amyloid positive MCI and controls, as well as their spatial distribution across different brain areas. We also applied a mediation analysis to infer the direct and indirect effects of tau, neuroinflammation and grey matter atrophy on cognitive functioning. We found increased [¹⁸F]AV1451 and [¹¹C]PK11195 binding as well as grey matter atrophy in AD, with a strong spatial overlap amongst these AD related biomarkers suggesting them interacting with each other. We demonstrated that both tau ([¹⁸F]AV1451) and neuroinflammation ([¹¹C]PK11195) have significant effects on cognition however their effects were fully mediated by grey matter atrophy. No mediation effect between tau and neuroinflammation were found with respect to cognition. In conclusion, grey matter atrophy not only spatially overlapped with tau and microglia activity in AD, but also mediate them in affecting cognitive impairments. The mediation analysis enabled data fusion across multiple imaging modalities (PET and MRI) and multiple PET tracers. Our results have significant implications for trials targeting tau and inflammation, and future therapeutic or preventive strategies for AD.     

Modeling,diagnosis and estimation of actuator faults in vehicle suspensions

This paper deals with the modeling, diagnosis and estimation of faults in automotive Semi-Active (SA) dampers, particularly oil leakages in the actuator. An experimental multiplicative fault model is proposed and statistically validated with an index error of 15% for damper leakage. The fault model is used as design basis for two Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) frameworks. The Frequency-based Fault Estimator (FFE) is based on the effect of the damper fault in the frequency domain and the Robust Parity Space (RPS) consists in a residual generator sensitive to the fault in the time domain. The model-based FDI systems were experimentally validated in a 1:5 scaled vehicle, fully instrumented and equipped with SA dampers. The experimental results show that, while both approaches represent suitable options for commercial applications, the RPS estimator has the fastest detection time and proportionality to the fault level. In addition, the RPS approach has better robustness to vehicle mass uncertainties. On the other hand, the FFE presents lower sensitivity to road profile and semi-active damper input variations. Additionally, this estimator requires a lower number of sensors and has a lower computational overhead.     

Relationship between knowledge sharing and performance: A survey in Xi’an,China

This paper explores the quantitative relationship between knowledge sharing and performance, with contextual factors in consideration. First, we argue that both knowledge sharing and its contextual factors should be associated with performance. Then, we analyze the multi-dimensional characteristics of knowledge sharing and propose six measures for it. Next, we model the relationship between knowledge sharing and performance, integrating various contingent factors with the model framework, some of which have significant influences on the relationship between knowledge sharing and performance. After that, we propose four alternative models and corresponding propositions for knowledge sharing-contingent variables relationship, and present a quantitative formulation of the relationship between knowledge sharing and performance. Finally, we conduct a survey of 249 organizations in Xi’an, China, and show the empirical results. Our propositions about the knowledge sharing-performance relationship and contingent factors are supported by the survey. The empirical results suggest that managers have to pay attention to some contingent factors while they commit to knowledge sharing. This study adds to the understanding of the effects of knowledge sharing on performance, and gives implications to the practice of knowledge sharing.     

A model to assess risk,equity and efficiency in facility location and transportation of hazardous materials

In recent years there has been increased public and governmental concern regarding hazardous materials management, and a concomitant increase in activities associated with designing and using hazardous material management systems. To be effective these systems must consider the costs and risks associated with the transport of hazardous materials as well as those associated with the facilities that generate, process, or dispose of such materials. To date, most of the modeling literature has considered these two aspects of the problem separately, either addressing the location of facilities with respect to fixed transportation patterns or the routing of materials to or from facilities at fixed locations. These two aspects of the problem are closely interrelated, as facility locations directly influence the routing options available and available routes affect the location of potential facility sites. In this paper we propose a multiobjective model to assist decision makers in the location of facilities that handle hazardous materials, and in the routing of hazardous materials to these facilities. In the model costs are comparised of per unit transportation costs, and fixed and variable costs at facilities. Risks and equity are spatially determined and are addressed on both an aggregate level, through minisum objectives, and at the individual level, through minimax objectives.     

Relationship between solar radiation and surface distribution of vegetation in Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island,Maritime Antarctica

The aim of this work is to produce a simplified vegetation map of ice-free areas of the Fildes Peninsula (FP) and Ardley Island (AI) thought object-oriented classification using a QuickBird satellite image and to evaluate the influence of the global solar radiation (GSR) over the vegetation distribution. The vegetation data were generated from multiresolution segmentation using the panchromatic and infrared layers, and for the classification we calculated the normalized vegetative difference index (NVDI) and the green NVDI. Two classes were created – Lichen and Moss Cushion SubFormation and Moss Subformation – with 48 vegetation samples collected on surveys during the austral summers of 2008 and 2009. We used a kappa index to evaluate the classification efficiency using 100 sampled points obtained in austral summer of 2013. The GSR was estimated, and in order to evaluate the effect of meteorological phenomena and cloudless, we measured the GSR using a net radiometer model CNR4 installed in FP between 2014 and 2016. The estimate of GSR was done for seasons of 2015, in order to estimate the light compensation point and the saturation point for the plant communities in FP and AI. The kappa index was 0.73 and the global accuracy was 0.78, showing consistency between the classification and ground truth. The area was covered by vegetation in FP was 16.7% and in AI is 59.1%. The vegetation cover is distributed differently at FP and AI, and our results suggest GSR plays an important role in vegetation distribution and these tendencies could be related to greater GSR demand by mosses when compared to lichens.     

Investigation of perceived image quality and colourfulness in mobile displays for different cultures,ambient illumination,and resolution

This study explored the effects of culture, ambient illumination, and resolution on perceived image quality and colourfulness of mobile displays. Thirty Taiwanese and 30 American students participated in the experiment. Two types of culture (Taiwanese and American), two types of illumination level (1500 lux and 7000 lux), and five types of resolution level (320×240, 260×208, 200×160, 140×112, and 80×64) were investigated in the experiment. Interactions between culture and resolution, and between illumination and resolution, were found for both perceived image quality and colourfulness. The results indicated that subjects were able to detect smaller differences in perceived image quality but not for colourfulness, and Taiwanese subjects could detect smaller differences than could the American subjects for both perceived image quality and colourfulness. The results further indicated that Taiwanese subjects were able to detect smaller differences at most of the resolution levels for colourfulness in 1500 lux than were the American subjects.

Practitioner Summary: This study found, from culture differences and ergonomics considerations, that Taiwanese subjects could detect smaller differences than could American subjects when evaluating perceived image quality and colourfulness on mobile displays. Mobile display manufacturers can use the results of this study as a reference for future mobile display design.     

水煤气-空气混合气体爆炸极限与浓度关系的统计分析

研究水煤气与空气混合时煤气的爆炸极限与所含各组分浓度之间的关系;使用SPSS统计软件,运用相关分析和主成分分析,对大量实验数据进行统计分析,得到了影响水煤气浓度爆炸极限的主要因素以及爆炸极限计算公式;结果表明,煤气中的可燃性组分以各自独特的支链反应特征对爆炸极限产生影响,惰性组分通过改变可燃性组分的相对含量,对爆炸极限产生间接影响,通过主成分回归得到的计算公式能够很好地拟合和预测水煤气一空气多元混合气体的爆炸极限,计算结果明显优于文献方法。     

日中软件行业关系的深化

21世纪,日中两国在软件产业方面的相互合作关系正不断深化。基于对实际状况的调查和统计资料的分析,本文将对这种关系进行回顾,并对其发展前景予以展望。如今,日中两国在软件业方面的合作主要基于在中国境内实现面向海外的软件开发业务(进行开发的软件主要用以满足日本软件行业的市场需求)。但是在这个过程中我们发现,软件开发正在向上游阶段扩展,软件外包业务已经日益替代单纯的软件开发,这是一个新趋势,由此可以认为,今后两国在软件行业的相互合作关系必将更加密切。     

对于艺术与设计的思考——论现代艺术与现代设计的关系

通过对现代艺术的产生及发展以及现代设计的起步及探索的论述,说明设计与艺术始终是相互影响、相互渗透、相互作用的关系。同时,提出在物质文明高速发展的今天,艺术与设计应该更加完美的结合。     

The Relationship between Coworker Incivility,Emotional Exhaustion,and Organizational Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion

The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between coworker incivility, emotional exhaustion, and organizational outcomes measured by job satisfaction, job performance, and turnover intention. Working with a sample of 286 retail bank employees in South Korea, structural equation modeling is employed to test four hypotheses drawing on conservation of resources (COR) theory and affective events theory (AET). According to the analyses, while employee incivility positively affects emotional exhaustion, emotional exhaustion has a negative effect on job satisfaction and job performance. In addition, emotional exhaustion has a positive impact on turnover intention among organizational employees. These results imply that to better understand the relationship between coworker incivility and organizational outcomes, it is necessary to consider emotional exhaustion as an important mediating variable. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed, together with its limitations and future research directions.     

独具特色的动画视觉语言——动画电影与实拍电影的视觉语言比较分析

在现今数字技术非常发达的情况下,人们普遍认为动画与电影没有多少分别。这种观念导致动画创作者和观众将动画与电影视为同一种艺术形态。而这样的观念造就了一系列高度仿真但票房惨败的动画影片,让我们不得不开始思考:动画的视觉语言是否应该有自己独特的规则?因此,本文从视觉语言入手,对比动画与电影的视觉语言。归纳总结出指导动画特有的创作方法,避免动画创作中可能遇到的问题。     

Types of manual materials handling (MMH) and occupational incidents and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in motor vehicle parts manufacturing (MVPM) industry

The motor vehicle parts manufacturing (MVPM) works include various types of manual materials handling (MMH). This study analyzes occupational incidents and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) caused by MMH in the MVPM industry. Also, this study conducted a risk assessment for predicting the possibility and severity of the injuries and MSDs. This study examined 236 injured persons registered for occupational incidents and MSDs caused by MMH tasks. Of the 236 injuries, 124 (52.5%) were caused by lifting/lowering, followed by 92 (39.0%) pushing/pulling and 20 (8.5%) carrying. MSDs were the highest at 36.9%, followed by struck by (22.9%), caught in (19.5%), and slip/fall (9.7%) incidents. In the case of incidents, the percentage caused by pushing/pulling was the highest at 55.7%, followed by lifting/lowering (35.6%) and carrying (8.7%). However, in the case of MSDs, the percentage caused by lifting/lowering was the highest at 81.6%, followed by pushing/pulling (10.3%) and carrying (8.0%). However, the rate of severe injured with over 180 work-loss days was higher in carrying works, women, or older workers over 50 years. The highest prevalence of MSDs was low back (63.2%), followed by shoulders (17.2%), and arm/hand regions (16.1%). In risk assessment according to the work process, ‘struck by incidents during pushing/pulling carts in the logistics process’ is the most possible and the highest average of work-loss days.Relevance to industryThis study presents the overview of actual nationwide compensation records occurred during MMH tasks in the MVPM industry. Also, this study shows the outlines of occupational incidents and MSDs, and the most possible and severe incident according to the types of MMH and work process.