KARNAK——A most famous name on the roof

COMPANYHISTORYKarnakCorporationisamanufacturerofhighqualitycold-appliedcoatingsandcementsfortheroofingandwaterproofingindustry.Karnakwasfoundedin1932byMartinJelinwiththepurposeofprovidingcontractorswithproductswhoseconsistencyandqualitytheycouldalwaysrelyon.ManufacturinghighqualityproductshoweverwasnottheonlygoalsetforKarnakbyMartinJelin.Heunderstoodthatinafastpacedhighlycompetitiveenvironmentonlythebestservicewouldsuffice.Andthusheensembledateamofhighlycompetentcustomerfriendlyindivid…     

Fantasy Beyond Architecture——Notes on Michael Graves' Works

Graves' works always exhibits a quality of fantasy---a kindof fairytale-like surrealistic setting, of joy and humor, of exaggeration and association. In Vincent Scully's eyes, this qualitymakes Graves' architecture "more closely approximate a literary art than any other architecture one can think of in history". (1)According to him "allusion" and "illusion" havepredominently contributed to the making of this quality since"it is a conscious attempt to translate contemporary 'semiotics'into architectural form." From the standpoint of architectural     

KARNAK——A most famous name on the roof

C O M PAN Y H ISTO R Y service would suffice. And thus,he ensem bled a team of Karnak Corporation is a m anufacturer of high quality highly com petent,custom er friendly individuals to tend to thecold -applied, coatings and cem ents for the roofing and ne…     

Population Migration and Urbanization——Notes on the seminar on the Chinese population migration and urbanization

The academic seminar on China's pop-ulation migration and urbanization was heldin Beijing from December 14 to 17,1987.More than 100 population and economicworkers and workers in related fields fromdifferent scientific research and educationalinstitutions and executive departments allover the country took part in the seminar.Over 70 papers were presented at the semi-nar.     

Urban design based on public safety—Discussion on safety-based urban design

Because of public safety problems in construction of urban surroundings, this paper expounds the necessity of the study on public safety-based urban design in perspective of modern city. It brings forward the concept of safety-based urban design and attempts to explore the basic connotation and contents with framework for studies. __________ Translated from Architecture Journal, 2008, (5): 38–42 [译自: 建筑学报]     

Some Suggestions on the Formation of Guangzhou—Shenzhen—Zhuhai International Metropolitan Group

Since the Central Government approved GuangdongProvince to impIement special economic poIicies in l979, pro-moted by the refOrm and opening to the outside world,Guangzhou as an oPen city and Shenzhen and Zhuhai as spe-ciaI economic zones have undergone great changes and scoredsignificant achievements in their economic development andsocial life, which has attracted world--wide attention.Shenzhen, a fOrmer deserted town in the border and Zhuhai,a fOrmer poor fishing village and Guangzhou whose econo-my was staganating befOre the refOrm and opening up, sawvigorous economic development in the l980s. Now thegrowth rate of industry and of the GNP, and the export vol-ume and economic returns of these three cities have all reac-heh the advanced level of the hig cities in the country, andtheir economic power expanded tremendously. Having play-ed an important role as a" w'indow" both to home andabroad, they have now become lcading industrial bases inSouth China and serve as a bridge and important pivot tolink wi     

Influence of soil——structure interaction on seismic collapse resistance of super-tall buildings

Numerous field tests indicate that the soilestructure interaction(SSI) has a significant impact on the dynamic characteristics of super-tall buildings,which may lead to unexpected structural seismic responses and/or failure.Taking the Shanghai Tower with a total height of 632 m as the research object,the substructure approach is used to simulate the SSI effect on the seismic responses of Shanghai Tower.The refined finite element(FE) model of the superstructure of Shanghai Tower and the simplified analytical model of the foundation and adjacent soil are established.Subsequently,the collapse process of Shanghai Tower taking into account the SSI is predicted,as well as its final collapse mechanism.The influences of the SSI on the collapse resistance capacity and failure sequences are discussed.The results indicate that,when considering the SSI,the fundamental period of Shanghai Tower has been extended significantly,and the collapse margin ratio has been improved,with a corresponding decrease of the seismic demand.In addition,the SSI has some impact on the failure sequences of Shanghai Tower subjected to extreme earthquakes,but a negligible impact on the final failure modes.     

Efficiency and countereffects of cleaning treatment on limestone surfaces—investigation on the Corfu Venetian Fortress

Surface alterations of the original limestone and the efficiency of several cleaning methods were investigated on the Corfu Venetian Fortress facade. Black crusts of gypsum dendrites and loose depositions or black-grey calcareous encrustations in combination with biological decay were identified as main decay processes. The cleaning treatments, chosen according to their acting on the stone surface, were: sepiolite for solvent action, ammonium bicarbonate for exchange action, EDTA for the chemical chelating action, hydrogen peroxide for chemical action on biological species and nylon brushes for physical action.Each cleaning method's efficiency and counteractions were evaluated by laboratory examinations concerning the morphology and the composition of the surface with SEM observations and X-ray microanalysis, before and after treatment and during ageing tests in sulphur dioxide and humidity atmosphere.The used methodology creates a sound basis for the evaluation and proper selection of a cleaning method, which should be highly efficient and with limited counteractions to the stone.     

Forecasting the effects of polluting discharges on natural waters—II

A brief account is given of the present state of development of methods for forecasting the effects of pollution on estuaries and coastal waters. In the case of vertically homogeneous estuaries the concentration of given pollutants at a chosen state of tide and given freshwater flow can be determined by means of a one‐dimensional steady‐state mathematical model in which use is made of observations of the distribution of salinity to calculate the rate of dispersion of the pollutants. An example is given of the application of such a model to the prediction of the concentration of dissolved oxygen, ammonia and oxidized nitrogen in the Thames Estuary. This type of approach has been extended to allow approximate estimates to be made of the variation of concentration of pollutants during a tidal cycle, and of the steady‐state concentrations in vertically stratified estuaries. A somewhat different type of model is used for predicting the effects of polluting discharges on coastal waters and in this case dispersion characteristics are determined with the aid of radio isotopes. An example is given of the application of one type of model to the prediction of the contamination of coastal waters by coliform bacteria resulting from discharge of sewage from a submerged pipeline.     

Interactive design computation—a case study on quantum design paradigm

The ever-increasing complexity of design processes fosters novel design computation models to be employed in architectural research and design in order to facilitate accurate data processing and refined decision making. These computation models have enabled designers to work with complex geometry and numeric design constraints to explore a whole new design field that is impossible to explore without computation techniques. However, most current design computation models follow an automation-oriented paradigm that only deal with strictly defined problem solving and optimization, but fail in establishing an intuitive and interactive communication with designers. This lack of interaction leads to an unconscious rejection ofnon-parameterizable design factors, which, reduces design computation models to specific design problem solving tools instead of operating as active design partners. This paper presents a non-deterministic design computation modeling approach derived from a discussion on quantum design paradigm, which employs real-time user interaction as the co-driver to evolve user+computation driven informed design outputs. A case study of such a design computation model; QPC Toolset, developed and applied in a QuantumPointCloud workshop, will be illustrated in this paper. Expanded discussions on fabrication optimization and constructiontechniques from the QPC workshop will be addressed to conclude a comprehensive report.     

Effects of policy changes on property prices— A simulation model

This paper presents a simulation model designed to predict the impact of policy changes on prices and quantities of owner‐occupied housing in the short and long run. Because liquidity considerations are important, house prices are assumed to depend on cash flow. The model predicts that elimination of interest subsidies in Sweden would cause a 10% short‐run decrease in price for new houses, but that prices would not change for old houses. In the long run, the volume of owner‐occupied housing would decline substantially and prices of old houses would increase by 15–20 %. Introduction of a property tax or a decrease in inflation are predicted to decrease house prices in the short run and to increase them in the long run as the volume of owner‐occupied housing shrinks.     

Impact of household plumbing fixtures on drinking water quality — a review

This paper reviews the pertinent literature published since 1970 on the impact of household plumbing systems on drinking water quality through the leaching of metals such as cadmium, copper, iron, lead, tin and zinc into potable water. Copper is found to be more easily and extensively leached than lead. Copper is leached almost exclusively from copper tubing. Lead can be leached from lead pipes, lead‐tin solders and faucets in residences. Zinc and tin require to be monitored as well.     

Impact of airflow profile on indoor air quality—a tropical study

The validation of the concentration levels of indoor contaminants and the measurement of ventilation parameters with CFD simulation results often poses considerable difficulty due to the effect of several confounding factors. Whilst a building in dynamic operation with varying operating characteristics in terms of the air-conditioning system and the activities of the occupants renders the possibility of a continuous measurement of IAQ and ventilation data, it is almost impossible to simulate such dynamic changes in the CFD environment. It then becomes imperative that steady-state measurements in buildings be used as representative data for the purposes of CFD simulation. This paper reports the findings of a study, in which the simulation of airflow pattern in an office building in Singapore is based on the indoor environmental conditions and the corresponding ventilation parameters measured on a typical day. Boundary conditions are obtained through hood measurements to determine the airflow rate from each diffuser. The findings of this study clearly support the critical impact of airflow on pollutant pathways in the building as a result of air supply volume, arrangement of air inlet and outlet devices, space design and the presence of heat sources.     

A Research on the Evaluation of Urban Development Land-Use Intensity——A Views from Planning and Management

科学合理地确定评价指标体系是城市建设用地集约性评价的重要前提.从综述现有相关研究成果入手,对城市建设用地集约性的内涵进行了重新审视和剖析,在此基础上构建了基于规划编制和规划管理两个视角的城市建设用地集约性评价指标体系,即在规划编制层面重点引入城市总体用地、城市专项用地、城市配套用地层面的14项代表性指标;在规划管理层面重点引入居住类用地管理、产业类用地管理、公益性用地管理层面的12项代表性指标.最后提出了实现促进建设用地集约性的相关对策建议.     

Modeling and experimental study on an innovative passive cooling system—NVP system

A kind of innovative building energy efficiency system—Night Ventilation with PCM Packed Bed Storage (NVP) system is proposed. The mathematical model of NVP system is built to analyze its thermal behavior. The building thermal inertia, the model of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) system and the ventilation scheme are all taken into considered in the mathematical model. An experimental installation of NVP system used in Beijing is introduced. Its thermal performances including the effect on decreasing the room temperature and the energy consumption are discussed. Experimental results show that NVP system has great potential in the field of energy efficiency building. And the mathematical model of NVP system is validated with the experimental data.     

Steel corrosion on RC structures under sustained service loads — A critical review

This paper reviews previous studies carried out to investigate the effects of simultaneous load and steel corrosion on the rates of corrosion and the behaviour of RC structures. It highlights the need to perform corrosion tests on laboratory specimens whilst they are under a sustained load so as to better understand the behaviour of corroding in-service structures. Furthermore, it provides a critical discussion on loading systems previously used to corrode RC beams under load and key areas that need further research. The review showed that there were contrasting results on the effects of loading on the rate of corrosion and on corrosion crack widths. Corrosion under load was however found to significantly increase deflections of specimens. In addition, and perhaps more importantly, deflections showed that there was never a gain in stiffness during the corrosion process which is often observed at early corrosion stages on structures corroded in the absence of a sustained load.     

City Planning and SocioEconomic Development——Also on the Further Implementation of the Master Plan for Beijing Development

At present,many people believe that wehave to strengthen the research on socioeconomic development when making citydevelopment plans,but problems remain asto what to research on,how to carry out theresearch and how to closely relate     

Between Tangibility and Intangibility——A Review on Conservation Planning and Its Implementation in the Historical City of NanJing

The conservation plan for the famous historical and cultural city of Nanjing was prepared since several yearsago.The plan,being an integral component to enrich comprehensive planning of the city,has been workingeffectively through the planning structure to direct the development of Nanjing.However,upon further analysis,au-thors of this article feel that this plan still has its own deficiences and drawbacks in exploring indepth the city'scultural origin,in selecting the essentials while discarding the dross and in blazing new trails based on the rich legacyof the past.These aspects need to be further investigated and to illustrate these points,two scenic belts are proposedto be included into the conservation plan.     

The effect of air temperature on labour productivity in call centres—a case study

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of air temperature on labour productivity in telecommunication offices. The study was conducted as a case study in two call centres because the work in the call centres can be considered to represent typical activities in the telecommunication industry. The study design consisted of an observational approach and an intervention approach. In Call Centre I, the productivity between two zones with temperature difference was compared. In Call Centre II, the intervention was conducted by installing cooling units to lower high temperature in the summer. Productivity was monitored both before and after the intervention, and it was measured as labour productivity by monitoring the number of telephone calls divided by the active work time. The indoor climate of both call centres was determined by measuring thermal climate and concentrations of relevant air pollutants as well as the acoustical environment and lighting levels. The study shows that productivity may fall by 5–7% at the elevated indoor temperatures.     

Interactions of resin acids with aerobic and anaerobic biomass—II. Partitioning on biosolids

Solutions of five resin acids were contacted with suspensions of non-acclimated, inactivated anaerobic and aerobic biomass to assess the contribution of partitioning on biosolids to the overall removal of resin acids in batch assays. Both types of biomass exhibited resin acid partitioning rates that were significantly greater than the rate of removal by degradation. With non-acclimated anaerobic biomass, partitioning was found to be the sole mechanism of resin acid removal. Partitioning on anaerobic biomass could not be described as a reversible adsorption process. Instead, it was found that a constant fraction of each resin acid partitioned into the biomass phase. With non-acclimated inactivated aerobic biomass, the partitioning of resin acids could be adequately described by a linear partitioning model. Dehydroabietic acid was the resin acid least strongly associated with biomass in both the anaerobic and aerobic experiments.